Abstract
Su dağıtım sistemlerinin işletilmesindeki en yüksek gider kalemini, pompalama için kullanılan enerji maliyeti oluşturmaktadır. Çok zamanlı elektrik tarifesi ve kentsel su talebi ile bağlantılı olarak, su dağıtım sistemlerindeki istasyonlara ait pompalama çizelgesinin optimizasyonu problemi matematiksel olarak modellenebilir. Bu çalışmada, pompalama enerji maliyetini düşürmeye yönelik olarak, pompalama çizelgesinin optimizasyonu problemini çözmek için yeni bir algoritma (SDPA-sadeleştirilmiş dinamik programlama algoritması) elde edilmiştir. Yapılan simülasyonlarda SDPA’nın, konvansiyonel su seviyesi kontrolü (CWCL-conventional water level control) yaklaşımının kullanılmasıyla oluşan enerji maliyetinde, geliştirilmiş dinamik programlama algoritması (IDPA-improved dynamic programming algorithm) yaklaşımına kıyasla daha fazla tasarruf elde edebileceği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Ayrıca SDPA, IDPA yaklaşımında karşılaşılan karar periyodu küçülürken pompa çalışma frekansının artması probleminin de önüne geçerek, pompa açma-kapama karar sayısını oldukça düşük tutmayı başarmıştır. SDPA, Sakarya ilindeki bir su dağıtım sistemine ait bir pompalama istasyonuna uygulanmış ve puant periyodundaki enerji talebini önemli ölçüde gece periyoduna kaydırarak, CWLC yaklaşımına kıyasla enerji maliyetinde yaklaşık %12’lik bir tasarruf sağlamıştır. Su dağıtım sistemlerine ait pompalama istasyonlarında ilave yatırım yapmaksızın, sadece pompalama çizelgesinin yapılandırıldığı bu algoritmanın kullanılmasıyla, önemli ölçüde enerji tasarrufu sağlanabileceği görülmüştür.
Keywords
Enerji Verimliliği Yük kaydırma Optimal Pompalama Çizelgesi Optimizasyon Algoritması Su Dağıtım Sistemleri
Supporting Institution
Sakarya Su ve Kanalizasyon İdaresi (SASKİ), Natura Otomasyon ve Yazılım Sistemleri
Thanks
Çalışma alanı belirleme ve ilgili çalışma alanına ait bilgi edinme konusunda, yardımlarını esirgemeyen Sakarya Büyükşehir Belediyesi, SASKİ SCADA Şube Müdürü, İsa Çomaklı ve SCADA Şube Müdürlüğü çalışanlarına teşekkür ederiz. Ayrıca, Natura Otomasyon ve Yazılım Şirketi’ne ait kaynakların kullanılmasını, bu çalışmanın maddi ve manevi açıdan desteklenmesini sağlayan şirket müdürü T. Bahadır Taşkıran’a teşekkür ederiz.
References
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Abstract
The highest cost item in the operation of water distribution systems is the energy cost used for pumping. With regard to Time-of-Use (TOU) electricity tariffs and urban water demand, the optimization of the pumping schedule of the stations in the water distribution systems can be modeled mathematically. In this study, a new algorithm (SDPA- simplified dynamic programming algorithm) was used to solve the pumping schedule optimization problem in order to reduce the pumping energy cost. By shifting the energy demand during the on-peak period to the off-peak period, SDPA was applied to a pumping station belonging to a water distribution system in Sakarya province, a 12% saving on the cost of energy was realized. In comparison to the IDPA (Improved dynamic programming algorithm), and CWLC (conventional water level control) approach, the simulation results showed that SDPA can achieve more savings in energy cost generated. In addition, SDPA managed to keep the count of pump on-off decisions quite small by preventing the problem of increasing pump operating frequency while the decision period getting very smaller than the decision period in IDPA approach. Therefore, we can conclude that using SDPA to reconfigure the pumping schedule without any additional investment in the pumping stations of water distribution systems, can achieve significant energy savings.
Keywords
Energy Efficiency Load Shifting Optimal Pumping Scheduling Optimization Algorithm Water Distribution System
References
- Sarbu I., A Study of Energy Optimisation of Urban Water Distribution Systems Using Potential Elements, Water, 8 (12), 593-611, 2016.
- Copeland C., Carter N.T., Congressional Research Service. Energy-Water Nexus: The Water Sector’s Energy Use. https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/R/R43200. Yayın tarihi Ocak 24, 2017. Erişim tarihi Temmuz 11, 2020.
- Güneş S.T., Sarptaş H., Özdağlar D., Su ve Atıksu Tesislerinde Enerji Verimliliği için Stratejiler, Uluslararası Kentsel Su ve Atıksu Yönetimi Sempozyumu, Malatya-Türkiye, 1153-1159, 26-28 Ekim, 2016.
- Moreira D.F., ve Ramos H.M., Energy Cost Optimization in a Water Supply System Case Study, J. Energy, 2013 (5), 1-9, 2013.
- Hasanbeigi, A., Price, L., Energy-efficiency improvement opportunities in pumping systems, Industrial Energy Audit Guidebook: Guidelines for Conducting an Energy Audit in Industrial Facilities, Berkeley National Laboratory, California, A.B.D., 23-44, 2010.
- Araujo L.S., Ramos H., Coelho S.T., Pressure Control for Leakage Minimisation in Water Distribution Systems Management, Water Resour. Manage., 20 (1), 133-149, 2006.
- Hydraulic Institute, Europump, ve D.E.O., Pump Life Cycle Costs: A Guide to LCC Analysis for Pumping Systems. New Jersey, USA, 2001.
- Menke R., Abraham E., Stoianov I., Modeling Variable Speed Pumps for Optimal Pump Scheduling, 16th World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2016, Florida-A.B.D., 199-209, 22-26 Mayıs, 2016.
- Waide P., Brunner C.U., International Energy Agency. Energy-Efficiency Policy Opportunities for Electric Motor-Driven Systems. https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/energy/iea-energy-papers_20792581. Yayın tarihi Mayıs 1, 2011. Erişim tarihi Temmuz 11, 2020.
- Tör O.B., Cebeci M.E., Koç M., Güven A.N., Dynamic optimization of long term primary electric distribution network investments based on planning metrics, Journal of the Faculty of Engineering and Architecture of Gazi University, 33 (1), 227-237, 2018.
- Tör O.B., Cebeci M.E., Kaş N., Göktepe M., Kalkan E., Yılmaz S.C., Gündoğdu A., Güven A.N., Implementation of low voltage express feeder (LVEF) to reduce of no-load losses of distribution transformers which suffer high seasonal load deviation, Journal of the Faculty of Engineering and Architecture of Gazi University, 33 (3), 979-994, 2018.
- Palensky P., Dietrich D., Demand Side Management: Demand Response, Intelligent Energy Systems, and Smart Loads, IEEE Trans. Ind. Inf., 7 (3), 381-388, 2011.
- Selamoğulları U.S., Elma O., A smart transformer application for voltage controlled home energy management system, Journal of the Faculty of Engineering and Architecture of Gazi University, 33 (4), 1543-1556, 2018.
- Chiu W., Sun H., Poor H.V., Demand-side energy storage system management in smart grid, 2012 IEEE Third International Conference on Smart Grid Communications (SmartGridComm), Tainan-Taiwan, 73-78, 5-8 Kasım, 2012.
- Conteh A., Lotfy M.E., Kipngetich K.M., Senjyu T., Mandal P., Chakraborty S., An Economic Analysis of Demand Side Management Considering Interruptible Load and Renewable Energy Integration: A Case Study of Freetown Sierra Leone, Sustainability, 11 (10), 2828-2846, 2019.
- Alighalehbabakhani F., McElmurry S., Miller C.J., Abkenar S.M.S., A case study of energy cost optimization in Monroe water distribution system, 2013 International Green Computing Conference Proceedings, Virginia-A.B.D., 1-5, 27-29 Haziran, 2013.
- Zhuan X., Li W., Yang F., Optimal Operation Scheduling of a Pumping Station in East Route of South-to-north Water Diversion Project, Energy Procedia, 105 (5), 3031-3037, 2017.
- Zhuan X., Zhang L., Li W., Yang F., Efficient operation of the fourth Huaian pumping station in east route of South-to-North Water Diversion Project, Int. J. Electr. Power Energy Syst., 98 (6), 399-408, 2018.
- Menke R., Abraham E., Parpas P., Stoianov I., Approximation of System Components for Pump Scheduling Optimisation, Procedia Eng., 119, 1059-1068, 2015.
- Zheng G., Huang Q., Energy Optimization Study of Rural Deep Well Two-Stage Water Supply Pumping Station, IEEE Trans. Control Syst. Technol., 24 (4), 1308-1316, 2016.
Details
| Primary Language | Turkish |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Engineering |
| Journal Section | Makaleler |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | September 2, 2021 |
| Submission Date | September 11, 2020 |
| Acceptance Date | April 6, 2021 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2021 Volume: 36 Issue: 4 |