Marmara denizi dip tarama malzemesinin yol inşaatında yeniden kullanım potansiyeli

Year 2022, Volume: 37 Issue: 1, 219 - 234, 10.11.2021

Ece Bayram Coşkun Berrak Teymur

https://doi.org/10.17341/gazimmfd.760285

Abstract

Günümüzde, çeşitli amaçlarla gerçekleştirilen deniz tarama uygulaması sonucunda elde edilen malzemeler artık atık olarak görülmemekte ve farklı alanlarda yeniden kullanım potansiyelleri araştırılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, denizlerde yürütülen tarama işlemleri sonucunda elde edilen malzemelerin çimento ve kireç katkısı ile iyileştirilerek, mühendislik özelliklerinde ki değişimler incelenmiş ve bu iyileştirme sonucunda dip tarama malzemesinin yol altyapı tabakalarında yeniden kullanım potansiyeli irdelenmiştir. Saf halde bulunan ve hazırlanan karışımlar üzerinde Kıvam limit deneyleri, minyatür kompaksiyon ve serbest basınç deneyleri uygulanmıştır. Serbest basınç deneyi 1,7 ve 28 gün gün kür koşulları için tekrarlanmıştır. Yapılan deneyler sonucunda, eklenen çimento ve kireç oranının artmasıyla numunelerin plastik limitlerinin arttığı ile buna bağlı olarak plastisite indislerinin azaldığı tespit edilmiştir. Tüm oranlardaki çimento ve kireç katkıları ve artan kür süresi, malzemenin serbest basınç dayanımını arttırmıştır. Yapılan çimento ve kireç katkısı ile zemin özelliklerinin iyileştiği ve yol altyapı tabakalarında kullanıma uygun olduğu tespit edilmiştir.

Keywords

Dip tarama malzemesi, Kireç, Çimento, Alttemel

Thanks

Yazarlar, deneylerde kullanılan numunelerin temin edilmesini sağladıkları için Tübitak DİPTAR projesi üyelerine teşekkürü borç bilir.

References

• Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), European Waste Catalogue and Hazardous Waste List, County Wexford, Ireland, 2002.
• Başar, H.M., Güzel, B., Erdoğan P.Ö., Tolun, L., Determination of the environmental effects of Turkey's marine dredged materials prior to beneficial use: Commercial ports & fishery harbours, Journal of the Faculty of Engineering and Architecture of Gazi University, 32 (4), 1063-1076, 2017.
• OSPAR Commission, OSPAR annual report on dumping and placement of wastes or other matter at sea in 2015, Environmental Impacts of Human Activities Series, 8, 2017.
• Bray R.N., Bates A.D. ve Land J.M., Dredging a Handbook for Engineers, Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford, BK, 1996.
• U.S. Army Corps of Engineers ve Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Evaluating Environmental Effects Of Dredged Material Management Alternatives --A Technical Framework, Washington, DC, A.B.D., 2004.
• International Maritime Organization (IMO), The Convention on the Prevention of Marine Pollution by Dumping of Wastes and Other Matter, London Convention, London, United Kingdom, 1972.
• Aouad G., Laboudigue A., Gineys N., Abriak N. E., Dredged sediments used as novel supply of raw material to produce Portland cement clinker, Cement & Concrete Composites, 34 (6), 788-793, 2012.
• Chikouche M. A., Ghorbel E., Bibi M., The possibility of using dredging sludge in manufacturing cements: Optimization of heat treatment cycle and ratio replacement, Constr. Build. Mater., 106, 330-341, 2016.
• Benzerzour M., Amar M., Abriak N.E., New experimental approach of the reuse of dredged sediments in a cement matrix by physical and heat treatment, Constr. Build. Mater., 140, 432-444, 2017.
• Peng X., Zhou Y., Jia R., Wang W., Wu Y., Preparation of non-sintered lightweight aggregates from dredged sediments and modification of their properties, Constr. Build. Mater., 132, 9–20, 2017.
• Lim Y.C., Lin S.K., Ju Y.R., Wu C.H., Lin Y.L., Chen C.W., Dong C.D., Reutilization of dredged harbor sediment and steel slag by sintering as lightweight aggregate, Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 126, 287-296, 2019.
• Peng Y., Peng X., Yang M., Shi H., Wang W., Tang X., Wu Y., The performances of the baking-free bricks of non-sintered wrap-shell lightweight aggregates from dredged sediments, Constr. Build. Mater., 238, 117587, 2020.
• Manap N., Polis S., Sandirasegaran K., Masrom M.A.N., Chen G.K., Yahya M.Y., Strength of concrete made from dredged sediments, Jurnal Teknologi (Sciences & Engineering), 78 (7–3), 111–116, 2016.
• Safer O., Belas N., Belaribi O., Belguesmia K., Bouhamou N.E., Mebrouki A., Valorization of Dredged Sediments as a Component of Vibrated Concrete: Durability of These Concretes Against Sulfuric Acid Attack, Int. J. Concr. Struct. Mater., 12, 44, 2018.
• Yeboah N.N., Mezencevova A., Phillips J.S., Burns S.E., Kurtis K.E., Investigating the Potential for Producing Fired Bricks from Savannah Harbor Dredged Sediment, Geo-Frontiers 2011, 1245-1254, 2011.
• Slimanou H., Quesada D.E., Kherbache S., Bouzidi N., Tahakourt A.K., Harbor Dredged Sediment as raw material in fired clay brick production: Characterization and properties, Journal of Building Engineering, 28, 101085, 2020.
• Wang D.X., Abriak N.E., Zentar R., Xu W., Solidification/stabilization of dredged marine sediments for road construction, Environ. Technol., 33 (1), 95-101, 2012.
• Banoune B., Melbouci B., Rosquoët F., Langlet T., Treatment of river sediments by hydraulic binders for valorization in road construction, Bull. Eng. Geol. Environ., 75(4), 1505-1517, 2016.
• Achour R., Abriak N., Zentar R., Rivard P., Gregoire P., Valorization of unauthorized sea disposal dredged sediments as a road foundation material, Environ. Technol., 35 (16), 1997-2007, 2014.
• Nguyen T.T. M., Rabbanifar S., Brake N.A., Qian Q., Kibodeaux K., Crochet H.E., … Jao M., Stabilization of Silty Clayey Dredged Material, J. Mater. Civ. Eng., 30(9), 04018199, 2018.
• Dermatas D., Dutko P., Balorda-Barone J., Moon D.H, Geotechnical Properties of Cement Treated Dredged Sediment to be Used as Transportation Fill, Third Specialty Conference on Dredging and Dredged Material Disposal, Florida-A.B.D., 5-8 Mayıs, 2002.
• ASTM D1140 – 17, Standard Test Methods for Determining the Amount of Material Finer than 75-µm (No. 200) Sieve in Soils by Washing, West Conshohocken, PA, A.B.D., 2017.
• ASTM D422 – 63, Standard Test Method for Particle-Size Analysis of Soils, West Conshohocken, PA, A.B.D., 2014.
• Sednet, Beneficial use of dredged sediments in road engineering-Methodological guide, EU, 2019.
• Karayolu Teknik Şartnamesi (KTŞ), Kireç ile Zemin Stabilizasyonu, Karayolları Genel Müdürlüğü, Ankara, Türkiye,2013.
• Bell F.G., Lime stabilization of clay minerals and soils, Eng. Geol., 42, 223-237, 1996.
• National Lime Association. Lime Treated Soil Construction Manual | Lime Stabilization and Modification. http://www.graymont.com/sites/default/files/pdf/tech_paper/lime_treated_soil_construction_manual.pdf. Yayın tarihi Ocak, 2004. Erişim tarihi Aralık 1, 2019.
• National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Recommended Practice for Stabilization of Subgrade Soils and Base Materials, The National Academies Press, Washington, DC, A.B.D., 2009.
• Okonkwo V.O., Nwokike V.M., Soil-cement stabilization for road pavement using soils obtained from Agu-Awka in Anambra State, Journal of Multidisciplinary Engineering Science and Technology,2 (10), 2668-2670, 2015.
• U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Departments of the Army, Navy, and Air Force, TM 5-822-14/AFJMAN 32-1019, Soil Stabilization for Pavements, Washington, DC, A.B.D., 1994.
• ASTM D4318, Standard Test Methods for Liquid Limit, Plastic Limit, and Plasticity Index of Soils, ASTM, Pennsylvania, 2010.
• ASTM D2166/D2166M-16, Standard Test Method for Unconfined Compressive Strength of Cohesive Soil, West Conshohocken, PA, A.B.D.
• Osula, D.O.A, Lime modification of problem laterite, Eng. Geol., 30, 141 – 154, 1991.
• Mohammad S., Akram W., Mirza S. A., Geotechnical Characterization of Dredged Material and Effect of Lime Stabilisation on its Strength Characteristics, Applied Mechanics and Materials, 877, 289–293, 2018.
• Wang D.X., Abriak N.E., Zentar R., XU W., Solidification/stabilization of dredged marine sediments for road construction, Environ. Technol., 33 (1), 95-101, 2012.
• Druijf B., The use of additives to stabilise dredged material, Master Tezi, Delft University of Technology, Delft, 2016.
• Mir B.A., Some studies on geotechnical characterization of dredged soil for sustainable development of Dal Lake and environmental restoration, International Journal of Technical Research and Applications, 12, 04-09, 2015.