Effects of water injection on a partially ceramic coated piston spark plug ignition engine

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 38 Sayı: 4, 2133 - 2146, 12.04.2023

İdris Cesur , Hasan Ali Celik

https://doi.org/10.17341/gazimmfd.1088702

Öz

The amount of heat transferred from the combustion chamber directly affects the combustion efficiency. Increasing the amount of heat transfer reduces the combustion efficiency. With thermal coating methods in engines, the amount of heat transfer is reduced and the combustion efficiency is increased. However, covering the entire combustion chamber with thermal material causes an increase in the knocking tendency and worsening of emission values in spark ignition engines. One of the most effective methods in reducing the knocking tendency and emission values is the water-steam injection method. With the water injection method, emission values can be reduced significantly without worsening engine performance parameters. In the study, the upper surface of the piston was partially covered with MgOZrO2 ceramic material with high heat reserve in order to increase the engine efficiency. The coated engine was sprayed with water into the intake manifold at 10%, 20% and 30% by mass of instantaneous fuel consumption. By using the two methods at the same time, improvements in performance parameters and exhaust emissions have been achieved. In the TBL piston engine, power, torque, specific fuel consumption, effective efficiency and HC emissions improve, while NOx emissions increase. In the case of water injection into the intake manifold, the increased NOx emissions decrease without any deterioration in performance parameters. Improvements were found in engine torque and effective power by 4.1%, specific fuel consumption by 3.8% and effective efficiency by 3.9% at 20% water injection rate. Compared to standard engine data, a 20% reduction was achieved in NOx emissions at 30% water injection rate. In addition, reductions of up to 33% were detected in HC emissions at 20% water spraying rate.

Kısmi seramik kaplı pistonlu buji ateşlemeli motora su enjeksiyonunun etkileri

Öz

Yanma odasından dışarıya transfer edilen ısı miktarı yanma verimini direkt etkilemektedir. Isı transfer miktarının artması yanma verimini azaltmaktadır. Motorlarda termal kaplama yöntemleri ile ısı transfer miktarı azaltılarak yanma verimi artmaktadır. Fakat yanma odasının tamamının termal malzeme ile kaplanması buji ateşlemeli motorlarda vuruntu temayülünün artmasına ve emisyon değerlerinin kötüleşmesine neden olmaktadır. Vuruntu temayülünün ve emisyon değerlerinin azaltılmasında en etkiyi yöntemlerinden biri de su-buhar enjeksiyon yöntemidir. Su enjeksiyon yöntemi ile motor performans parametrelerinde kötüleşme olmadan emisyon değerleri kayda değer oranlarda azaltılabilmektedir. Çalışmada, motor verimini arttırmak için piston üst yüzeyi ısı rezervi yüksek MgOZrO2 seramik malzeme ile kısmi kaplanmıştır. Kaplamalı motora, anlık yakıt tüketiminin %10, %20 ve %30 kütlesel oranlarında emme manifolduna su püskürtülmüştür. İki yöntem aynı anda kullanılarak performans parametreleri ve egzoz emisyonlarında iyileşmeler elde edilmiştir. TBL pistonlu motorda güç, tork, özgül yakıt sarfiyatı, efektif verim ve HC emisyonları iyileşirken NOx emisyonları artmaktadır. Emme manifolduna su enjeksiyon yapılması durumunda ise performans parametrelerinde kötüleşme olmadan artan NOx emisyonları azalmaktadır. % 20 su püskürtme oranında motor torku ve efektif güçte % 4,1, özgül yakıt sarfiyatında, %3,8 ve efektif verimde %3,9 oranlarında iyileşmeler saptanmıştır. NOx emisyonlarında %30 su püskürtme oranında standart motor verilerine göre %20 oranında azalma elde edilmiştir. Ayrıca %20 su püskürtme oranında HC emisyonlarında % 33’e varan oranlarda azalmalar saptanmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Termal kaplama, su enjeksiyonu, motor performans

Kaynakça

• 1 Lu Q., Chai J., Wang S., Zhang Z.G., Sun X.C., Potential energy conservation and CO2 emissions reduction related to China’s road transportation, Journal of Cleaner Production, 245:118892, 2020.
• 2 Lion S., Vlaskos I., Taccani R., A review of emissions reduction technologies for low and medium speed marine Diesel engines and their potential for waste heat recovery, Energy Conversion and Management, 207:112553, 2020.
• 3 Cerit M., Ayhan V., Parlak A., Yasar H., Thermal analysis of a partially ceramic coated piston: Effect on cold start HC emission in a spark ignition engine, Applied. Thermal Engineering, 31 (2–3): 336–341, 2011.
• 4 Parlak A., Ayhan V., Effect of using a piston with a thermal barrier layer in a spark ignition engine, J. Energy Inst. 80 (4): 223–228, 2007.
• 5 Parlak A., Ayhan V., Deniz C., Kolip A., Koksal S., Effects of M15 blend on performance and exhaust emissions of spark ignition engine with thermal barrier layer coated piston, J. Energy Inst. 81 (2): 97–101, 2008.
• 6 Saravanan C.G., Vikneswaran M., Prasanna Raj Yadav S., Edwin Geo V., Sasikala J., Ashok K., Muthukumaran N., Experimental study of feasibility of orange peel oil as a partial replacement for gasoline fuel in SI engine with and without MAO coated piston, Fuel, 315, 2022, 123173.
• 7 Sivakandhan C., Elumalai P.V., Murugan M., Effects of on MnO2 nanoparticles behavior of a sardine oil methyl ester operated in thermal barrier coated engine, J Therm Anal Calorim, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-021-11132-3,2022.
• 8 Bayata F., Yıldız C., The analyses of frictional losses and thermal stresses in a diesel engine piston coated with different thicknesses of thermal barrier films using co-simulation method, İnternational Journal of Engine Research, Article Number: 14680874211065637, DOI: 10.1177/14680874211065637.
• 9 Manoj Babua A., Saravanana C.G., Vikneswarana M., Edwin Geob E., Sasikalac J., Femilda J.S., Josephind, D., Analysis of performance, emission, combustion and endoscopic visualization of micro-arc oxidation piston coated SI engine fuelled with low carbon biofuel blends, Fuel Volume 285, 1 February 2021, 119189.
• 10 Obulesu P., Siva Kumar R., Ramanjaneyulu B., A experimental test on 2-stroke spark ignition engine with gasoline and methanol-gasoline blends using brass coated piston, Materials Today, Proceedings, Volume: 39 Pages: 590-595 Part: 1, DOI: 10.1016/j.matpr.2020.08.611.
• 11 Li A.Q., Zheng Z.L., Peng T., Effect of water injection on the knock, combustion, and emissions of a direct injection gasoline engine, Fuel 2020 ;268:117376.
• 12 Li X.Y., Zhen X.D., Xu S.Q., Wang Y., Liu D.M., Tian Z., Numerical comparative study on knocking combustion of high compression ratio spark ignition engine fueled with methanol, ethanol and methane based on detailed chemical kinetics, Fuel, 2021, 306: 121615.
• 13 Karagöz M., Ağbulut Ü., Sarıdemir S., Waste to energy: Production of waste tire pyrolysis oil and comprehensive analysis of its usability in diesel engines, Fuel 2020; 275:117844.
• 14 Zhang Z.B., Liu Q., Zhao R.C., Chen Y.P., Qin Q.C., Research on in-cylinder steam injection in a turbo compound diesel engine for fuel savings, Energy, 2022;238:121799.
• 15 Zhang Z.B., Li L.F., Investigation of in-cylinder steam injection in a turbocharged diesel engine for waste heat recovery and NOx emission control, Energies, 2018;11(4):936.
• 16 Li L.F., Zhang Z.B., Investigation on steam direct injection in a natural gas engine for fuel savings, Energy 2019;183:958-970.
• 17 Sun X.X., Jia Z.Y., Liang X.Y., Jing G.X., Liu H., Shen G.J., Investigation of water/steam direct injection on performance and emissions of two-stroke marine diesel engine, International Journal of Green Energy 2021;18(8):843-855.
• 18 Lin C.Y., Wang K.H., Effects of diesel engine speed and water content on emission characteristics of three-phase emulsions, Journal of Environmental Science and Health Part A, 39 (5), 1345e1359, 2004.
• 19 Park J.W., Huh K.Y., Park K.H., Experimental study on the combustion characteristics of emulsified diesel in a rapid compression and expansion machine, Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part D 214, 579e586, 2000.
• 20 Cesur, I., Effects of Water Injection on Performance and Exhaust Emissions of SI Engine with Y2O3-Coated Piston, Journal of Energy Engineering,146(5), 04020040, 2020.
• 21 Cesur I., Parlak A., Ayhan V., Gonca G., Boru B., The Effects of Electronic Controlled Steam Injection on Spark Ignition Engine, Applied Thermal Engineering - Vol.5, (2013), pp.61.
• 22 Hadia F., Wadhah S., Ammar H., Ahmed O., Investigation of combined effects of compression ratio and steam injection on performance, combustion and emissions characteristics of HCCI engine, Case studies in thermal engineering, 2017;10:262- 271.
• 23 Hsueh M.H., Lai C.J., Hsieh M.C., Wang S.H., Hsieh C.H., Pan C.Y., Huang W.C., Effect of water vapor injection on the performance and emissions characteristics of a spark-ignition engine. Sustainability, 2021;13(16):9229.
• 24 Manickam M.V., Duraisamy S., Selvaraj M., Marimuthu P., Effect of steam injection on NOx emissions and performance of a single cylinder diesel engine fuelled with soy methyl ester. Thermal Science 2017; 21(suppl. 2):473-479.
• 25 Min S.H., Suh H.K., Effect of water vapor injection on the distributions of equivalence ratio and the NO emission reduction in a CI engine, Energies 2019;12(22):4248.
• 26 Zhao R.C., Zhang Z.B., Zhuge W.L., Zhang Y.J., Yin Y., Comparative study on different water/steam injection layouts for fuel reduction in a turbo compound diesel engine, Energy conversion and management 2018; 171:1487-1501.
• 27 Ayhan V., Investigation of electronic controlled direct water injection for performance and emissions of a diesel engine running on sunflower oil methyl ester, Fuel, 275, (2020), DOI:10.1016/j.fuel.2020.117992.
• 28 Ayhan V., Experimental Investigation of the Effect of Direct Water Injection on Combustion, Knock, and Emissions for LPG-Diesel Dual-Fuel Engine, Journal Of Energy Engıneerıng, 147, (2021), 1, DOI:10.1061/(ASCE)EY.1943-7897.0000739.
• 29 Gonca G., Investigation of the effects of steam injection on performance and NO emissions of a diesel engine running with ethanol-diesel blend, Energy Convers Management 77, (2014), 450-457.
• 30 Gonca G., Sahin B., Parlak A., Ayhan V., Cesur I., Koksal S., Investigation of the effects of the steam injection method (SIM) on the performance and emission formation of a turbocharged and Miller cycle diesel engine (MCDE), Energy, (2017) ;119:926–37.
• 31 Gonca G., Sahin B., Effect of turbo charging and steam injection methods on the performance of a Miller cycle diesel engine (MCDE), Applied Thermal Engineering, 118, (2017), 138–46.
• 32 Parlak A., Ayhan V., Üst Y., Şahin B., Cesur I., Boru B., Kökkülünk G., New method to reduce NOx emissions of diesel engines: electronically controlled steam injection system, Journal of the Energy Institute, 85, (2012), 135-139.
• 33 Kokkulunk G., Parlak A., Ayhan V., Gonca G., Theoretical and experimental investigation of diesel engine with steam injection system on performance and emission parameters, Applied Thermal Engineering, 54 (1), (2013), 161-170.
• 34 Cesur I., Investigation of the effects of steam injection on the emissions and performance of a diesel engine using waste chicken oil methyl ester, Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology, 30 (10), (2016) 1-7.