Çita optimizasyon algoritması kullanarak kısmi gölgelenme altındaki fotovoltaik sistemlerde maksimum güç noktası izleyicisinin tasarlanması

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 40 Sayı: 1, 555 - 572, 16.08.2024

Murat Çıkan

https://doi.org/10.17341/gazimmfd.1183267

Öz

Fotovoltaik (PV) sistemler ile enerji üretimi, yenilenebilir enerji kaynakları arasında önemli bir paya sahiptir. Panellerin enerji verimliliği %11-28 arasında değişmektedir. PV sistemler kullanılarak üretilen enerjinin maksimum verimi sağlaması istenir. Işınım (radyasyon) ve sıcaklık değerleri güneş enerji sistemlerinde (GES) üretilen enerjinin miktarını belirleyen baskın iki atmosferik faktördür. Panellerdeki kirlenme, gökyüzünde oluşan bulutlanma ve çevresel faktörler gibi çeşitli etmenler panellerin maruz kaldığı ışınım değerlerinin düşmesine sebep olmaktadır. Bu durum genel olarak kısmi ya da parçalı gölgelenme (PSC) olarak adlandırılır. Farklı ışınım değerleri altında çalışan PV dizilerinde, bir tane global maksimum güç noktası (GMPP) ve birden fazla yerel maksimum güç noktası (LMPP) oluşmaktadır. PSC altında çalışan PV sistemlerde, maksimum güç çıkısının elde edilebilmesi için, PV dizilerinin GMPP’de çalıştırılması gerekmektedir. Bu amaç için, literatürde farklı maksimum güç noktası izleyici (MPPT) tasarımları ve optimizasyon algoritmaları geliştirilmiştir. Bu çalışmada maksimum güç noktasının takibi için farklı meta-sezgisel arama algoritmalarından yararlanılmıştır. Kullanılan arama algoritmaları sırasıyla parçacık sürü optimizasyon algoritması (PSO), gri kurt algoritması (GWO) ve çita optimizasyon (CO) arama algoritmasıdır. Maksimum güç noktasının izlenmesi için gerekli olan matematiksel model Matlab ortamında kod olarak yazıldı. Elde edilen sonuçlar Matlab/Simulink ve gerçek zamanlı ölçüm verileri ile karşılaştırılmıştır. Önerilen çita optimizasyon algoritmasının, test edilen diğer algoritmalara göre üstünlüğü 15`ten farklı istatiksel yöntem kullanılarak gösterilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Kısmi gölgelenme, güneş enerji sistemleri, çita arama algoritması, maksimum güç noktası izleyici tasarımı.

Kaynakça

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