Havacılık uygulamaları için açık kaynaklı parametrik bir aerodinamik şekil optimizasyon çerçevesinin geliştirilmesi

Year 2025, Volume: 40 Issue: 1, 381 - 400, 16.08.2024

Buğra Batan , Saleh Abuhanieh Tamer Çalışıır , Şahin Yiğit

https://doi.org/10.17341/gazimmfd.1334282

Abstract

Sürekli büyüyen havacılık sektöründe uçuş sayısının artması nedeniyle uçakların karbon ayak izi de artış göstermektedir. Uçakların aerodinamik performansının iyileştirilmesi kritik bir gereklilik haline gelmiştir. Bu nedenle, uçak bileşenlerinin tasarımında aerodinamik şekil optimizasyonu (ASO) büyük önem taşımaktadır. Bu çalışmada, transonik rejimde N2A-EXTE hava aracının geometrisi optimize etmek için açık kaynaklı araçlar kullanılarak hesaplamalı akışkanlar dinamiği (HAD) tabanlı parametrik bir ASO çerçevesi tasarlanmıştır. Sunulan ASO çerçevesi kullanılarak elde edilen sonuçlar, N2A-EXTE hava aracı için maksimum olarak %10’luk göreceli iyileştirme yaptığını göstermiştir. Optimize edilmiş aerodinamik yüzeylerin üzerindeki basınç dağılımı ve süpersonik bölgelerin başlangıç geometrisi ile kıyaslanması sonucunda yapılan göreceli iyileştirmenin nedenleri ortaya konmuştur. Ayrıca N2A-EXTE hava aracı için oluşturulan yeni tasarımlar için hacim, yüzey alanı ve boylamsal statik kararlılık karakteristiği açısından orijinal hava aracı geometrisi ile kıyaslanmıştır. Gerçek bir hava aracı üzerinde yapılan optimizasyon çalışmaları mevcut çalışmada önerilen ASO çerçevesinin yeterince kararlı olduğunu ve iyi çalıştığını ortaya koymuştur. Bu çalışmada tasarlanan ASO çerçevesinde yer alan açık kaynak yazılımlar başka tasarım araçları ile yer değiştirilebilir olup farklı havacılık uygulamalarında ve hava araçlarının ön tasarım aşamalarında kolaylıkla kullanılabilmektedir. Mevcut çalışmada sunulan ASO çerçevesi gelecekte yapılacak çok disiplinli ASO çalışmasının ilk adımı olarak düşünülebilir.

Keywords

DAKOTA, Genetik Algoritma, Uçan Kanat Hava Aracı, OpenFOAM, HiSA

Development of an open-source parametric aerodynamic shape optimization framework for aerospace applications

Abstract

In the ever-growing aviation industry, the carbon footprint of airplanes is also increasing due to the increase in the number of flights. Improving the aerodynamic performance of aircraft has become a critical requirement. Therefore, aerodynamic shape optimization (ASO) is of great importance in the design of aircraft components. In this study, a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) based parametric ASO framework is designed using open-source tools to optimize the geometry of N2A-EXTE aircraft in the transonic regime. The results obtained using the presented ASO framework showed a maximum relative improvement of 10% for the N2A-EXTE aircraft. This relative improvement is explained by comparing the pressure distribution over the optimized aerodynamic surfaces and supersonic regions between optimized and the initial geometry. The new designs for the N2A-EXTE aircraft are also compared with the original aircraft geometry in terms of volume, surface area and longitudinal static stability characteristics. Optimization studies on a real aircraft revealed that the proposed ASO framework is sufficiently stable and works well. The open source software in the ASO framework designed in this study are interchangeable with other design tools and can be easily used in different aerospace applications in the preliminary design stages of aircraft. The ASO framework presented in the present study can be considered as the first step of a future multidisciplinary ASO framework.

Keywords

DAKOTA, Genetic Algorithm, Blended Wing Body

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