Varietal Differences in Antimicrobial Activities of Walnut (Juglans regia L.) Leaf Extracts

Abstract

In this study, antibacterial and antifungal activities of leaf extracts of five cultivars of walnut (Juglans regia L.) on eleven bacteria and nine fungi species were determined using agar well diffusion method. Five bacterial species (Pseudomonas gingeri, P. syringae, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus and Yersinia enterocolitica) were generally found sensitive to the walnut extracts. However, antibacterial effects of the aqueous extracts were weaker than the ethanolic ones. The most sensitive bacterium to all of the treatments was determined to be S. aureus. The walnut leaf extracts have generally showed significant antifungal effect on three species (Candida albicans, Botrytis cinerea, Geotrichum candidum) with both ethanolic and water extracts. The most sensitive fungus species to all of the treatments was seen to be Candida albicans and the most resistant fungi was Aspergillus niger. Among the walnut cultivars, generally, Şebin cultivar extract was seen to have higher antimicrobial effects than the others. MIC values of juglone and the extract for S. aureus bacterium were 0.006 and 0.05 mg/ml, and for C. albicans fungus were 0.003 and 0.025 mg/ml, respectively.

Keywords

• Antibacterial activity
• Antifungal activity
• Juglone
• Leaf extracts
• Walnut cultivars

Ceviz Yaprak Özütlerinin Antimikrobiyal Aktiviteleri Hususunda Variyatel Farklılıklar

Abstract

Bu çalışmada beş çeşit ceviz (Juglans regia L.) bitkisinin yaprak ekstraktlarının onbir bakteriye ve dokuz mantar türüne karşı antibakteriyel ve antifungal aktiviteleri agar iyi difüzyon yöntemi ile belirlenmiştir. Beş bakteri türü (Pseudomonas gingeri, P. syringae, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus ve Yersinia enterocolitica) genellikle ceviz ekstraktlarına duyarlıdır. Bununla birlikte, sulu ekstrelerin antibakteriyel etkileri, etanolik olanlardan daha zayıftı. Tüm tedavilere en duyarlı bakterinin S. aureus olduğu belirlenmiştir. Ceviz yaprağı ekstraktları genel olarak hem etanol hem de su ekstraktlarıyla birlikte üç tür (Candida albicans, Botrytis cinerea, Geotrichum candidum) üzerinde önemli bir antifungal etki göstermiştir. Tüm tedavilere en duyarlı mantar türünün Candida albicans olduğu ve en dirençli mantarların Aspergillus niger olduğu görülmüştür. Ceviz çeşitleri arasında genellikle Şebin çeşidinin, diğerlerine göre daha yüksek antimikrobiyal etkileri olduğu görülmüştür. Juglonun MİK değerleri ve S. aureus bakterisi için ekstrakt 0,006 ve 0,05 mg / ml, C. albicans fungusu sırasıyla 0.003 ve 0.025 mg / ml idi.

Keywords

• Ceviz yaprak öztüleri
• antimikrobiyal aktiviteler
• juglon

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