Toxicity Induced by Ridomil in Allium cepa: Physiological, Cytogenetic, Biochemical and Anatomical Approach

Abstract

In this study, the toxic effects of 125, 250 and 500 mg/L Ridomil fungicide were investigated in Allium cepa L. Toxic effects has been investigated in terms of physiological, cytogenetic, anatomical and biochemical aspects. The changes in germination percentage, weight gain and root length was investigated as physiological parameters; micronucleus (MN), mitotic index (MI) and chromosomal abnormality (CAs) frequency were as cytogenetic parameters. Oxidative stress indicators such as malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were analyzed for biochemical changes and also damages in root tip meristem cells were evaluated as anatomical parameters. As a result, a decrease in all selected physiological parameters and MI, and an increase in MN and CAs frequency were determined with a dosedependent manner. Additionally, Ridomil caused fluctuations in SOD and CAT enzyme activities and a significant increase in MDA levels and these results indicated a oxidative stress formation. It has also been observed that Ridomil causes different types of anatomic damages in the root tip meristem cells. As a result, it was found that Ridomil can cause toxic effects in non-target organisms and A. cepa test material is a reliable biological indicator in observing these effects.

Keywords

• Allium cepa L.
• antioxidant enzymes
• cytogenetic
• oxidative stress
• ridomil

Toxicity Induced by Ridomil in Allium cepa: Physiological, Cytogenetic, Biochemical and Anatomical Approach

Abstract

In this study, the toxic effects of 125, 250 and 500 mg/L Ridomil fungicide were investigated in Allium cepa L. Toxic effects has been investigated in terms of physiological, cytogenetic, anatomical and biochemical aspects. The changes in germination percentage, weight gain and root length was investigated as physiological parameters; micronucleus (MN), mitotic index (MI) and chromosomal abnormality (CAs) frequency were as cytogenetic parameters. Oxidative stress indicators such as malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were analyzed for biochemical changes and also damages in root tip meristem cells were evaluated as anatomical parameters. As a result, a decrease in all selected physiological parameters and MI, and an increase in MN and CAs frequency were determined with a dose-dependent manner. Additionally, Ridomil caused fluctuations in SOD and CAT enzyme activities and a significant increase in MDA levels and these results indicated a oxidative stress formation. It has also been observed that Ridomil causes different types of anatomic damages in the root tip meristem cells. As a result, it was found that Ridomil can cause toxic effects in non-target organisms and A. cepa test material is a reliable biological indicator in observing these effects.

Keywords

• Allium cepa L.
• Antioxidant enzymes
• Cytogenetic
• Oxidative stress

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