Allium cepa L.’ da Krom (K2Cr2O7)’un Toksik Etkilerinin Araştırılması

Year 2018, Volume: 7 Issue: 3, 146 - 158, 15.12.2018

Nurşah Ocak Gürel Kültiğin Çavuşoğlu , Emine Yalçın

Abstract

Bu
çalışmada, farklı dozlarda Krom ağır metalinin (K₂Cr₂O₇)
Allium cepa L.’de fizyolojik,
sitogenetik ve anatomik etkileri araştırılmıştır. Fizyolojik parametre olarak
çimlenme yüzdesi, kök uzunluğu ve ağırlık artışı; sitogenetik parametre olarak
mikronukleus (MN) sıklığı, kromozomal aberasyonlar ve mitotik indeks (MI)
araştırılmıştır.  K₂Cr₂O₇
uygulaması ile çimlenme yüzdesi, kök uzunluğu, ağırlık artışı ve MI oranlarının
azaldığı, MN sıklığı ve kromozomal hasarların ise arttığı belirlenmiştir. En
belirgin toksik etki ise 12.5 mg/L K₂Cr₂O₇
uygulanan grupta gözlenmiştir. Mikroskobik incelemeler neticesinde K₂Cr₂O₇’nin
teşvik ettiği kromozomal hasarlar; kromatinin eşit olmayan dağılımı, fragment,
yapışkan kromozom, kromozom köprüsü, c-mitoz, ters kutuplaşma olarak
belirlenmiştir. K₂Cr₂O₇ uygulamasının
kromozomal hasarlar içerisinde en büyük etkinin fragment oluşumu üzerine olduğu
tespit edilirken, en az oranda gözlenen kromozom hasarının ise ters kutuplaşma
olduğu belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca K₂Cr₂O₇
uygulaması kök ucu meristematik hücrelerinde yassılaşmış hücre çekirdeği,
korteks hücre çeperinde kalınlaşma, hücre deformasyonu ve nekroz şeklinde
anatomik hasarlara neden olmuştur. Sonuç olarak, K₂Cr₂O₇’nin
A. cepa’da fizyolojik, sitogenetik ve
anatomik açıdan ciddi toksik etkilere neden olduğu, bu etkinin de doza bağımlı
olarak gerçekleştiği belirlenmiştir.

Keywords

Allium cepa L., K2Cr2O7, kromozomal hasar, mikronükleus

References

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