EVRİMLEŞEN FENOMEN:THE FATF

Abstract

Mali Eylem Görev Gücü'nün (FATF) yolculuğu, 1980'lerin sonlarında uyuşturucu ticaretinin uluslararası finans sistemi için yıkıcı hâle gelmesiyle başlamıştır. G7; uluslararası iş birliğini teşvik etme kapasitesi sayesinde yıllar süren bu yolculukta, FATF'ın gündeminin belirlenmesinde belirleyici bir rol oynamış ve FATF'ın rolünün revize edilmesinde katalizör görevi görmüştür. Bu çalışma, FATF'ın misyonundaki evrimin tarihsel bir analizini sunarak 1989'da G7 tarafından FATF'a biçilen rolün bugüne kadarki gelişimini incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Bu amaçla FATF'ın bugüne kadarki tüm yıllık raporları ile internet sitesindeki diğer dokümanlar ve G7/20 Zirve Bildirileri incelenmiştir. FATF'ın 36 yıllık evrimini ortaya koyması itibarıyla çalışmanın literatüre özgün bir katkı sağladığı değerlendirilmektedir. Çalışma, G7 tarafından Temmuz 1989'da uyuşturucuyla ilgili sorunlara önlem olarak oluşturulan FATF'ın kuruluşundan bu yana büyük ilerleme kaydettiğini ortaya koymaktadır. Bugün FATF, karapara aklamanın önlenmesi ile terörizmin ve nükleer silahların yayılmasının finansmanı ile mücadele (AML/CFT/CPF) konularında standart belirleyen, bu standartlara uyumu denetleyen reformist bir örgüt olarak bilinmektedir. Çalışmada ayrıca FATF'ın esnekliği, uyarlanabilirliği ve küresel ağı sayesinde standartları belirlemede her zaman başarılı olduğu ifade edilmektedir. Ancak görev alanı küresel güvenliğe doğru genişledikçe FATF’ın, yasa dışı finansmanla mücadelenin temel yapı taşlarını gözden kaçırma tehlikesiyle karşı karşıya kalması muhtemeldir.

Keywords

• FATF
• G7/20
• Karapara Aklamanın Önlenmesi
• Terörizmin Finansmanıyla Mücadele
• Nükleer Silahların Yayılmasının Finansmanıyla Mücadele

EVOLVING PHENOMENON: THE FATF

Abstract

The Financial Action Task Force (FATF)’s journey commenced when the drug trade became destructive for the international financial system in the late 1980s. Over the years, thanks in part to its capability to promote cooperation amongst nations, the G7 has played a determining role in setting the FATF’s agenda and acting as a catalyst for revising the FATF’s role. This study aims to examine the evolution of the FATF’s role created by the Group of Seven (G7) in 1989 through to the present day by providing a historical analysis of the evolution of the FATF’s mission. For this purpose, all the FATF’s annual reports and associated documents on its website plus the G7/20 Summit Declarations have been examined up to the present. The study is assessed to make a unique contribution to the literature as it puts forward the 36-year evolution of the FATF. The study reveals that the FATF, created as a measure to address drug related issues by the G7 in July 1989, has made tremendous progress since its establishment. Today the FATF is known as reformist organisation that sets international standards and monitors the compliance with those standards in the fields of anti-money laundering, counter financing of terrorism and proliferation financing (AML/CFT/CPF). The study also argues that the FATF has always been successful in setting standards, owing to its flexibility, adaptability and global network. However, as its mandate expands to global security, the FATF is likely to be in danger of losing sight of the basic building blocks of combating the illicit finance.

Keywords

• FATF
• G7/20
• Anti-Money Laundering
• Counter Terrorism Financing
• Counter Proliferation Financing

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