WORKERS’ SPORT MOVEMENT IN GERMANY
Abstract
The physical exercise and gymnastics introduced to society and to educational curriculums in the led of some philanthropists like Johann Christoph Friedrich GutsMuths and Friedrich Ludwig Jahn. In time, physical education was being practiced at boy’s secondary schools and clubs (Turnvereine) being established through the country. In the nineteenth century, after the industrialization in Germany, working class had increased and also the club members’ characteristics had changed. Before the World War I, 350,000 worker athletes in various clubs passed the number of 1 million members and became the biggest sport movement in Europe. In 1890’s workers’ sport movement had begun in Germany by the Workers’ Gymnastic and Sport Union even the opposition of German Gymnastic Union-Turnen. The establishments like Workers’ Solidarity Cycling Club and Friends of Nature Walking Association, Workers’ Swimming Association (1897), Free Sailing Union (1901), Workers’ Chess Union (1912), Free Shooting Association (1926) had followed in ordering. So, Germany had accepted the beginning and development place of Workers’ Sport Movement in the sport history. Because Workers’ Sport Movement in Germany had reached deep social dimensions rather than the other European countries. In Weimar or Nazi regimes, workers always keep on going to the sport clubs and continued their sportive struggles even they had hard times. In this study, workers’ sport movement in Germany was searched by related literature. The aim of the study is to determine the organizational structure of working class sport movement and also adding a new written source to literature of sport science. As a result; while workers’ sport movements became a political struggle area in Germany, it also had important contributions to especially other working class sports and general sports in Europe. Trough historical period, workers’ sport movement in Germany had risen after the industrial revolution and had a huge impact all around the world by clubs, unions, festivals and Worker Olympics.
Keywords
References
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Details
Primary Language
English
Subjects
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Journal Section
-
Publication Date
January 14, 2011
Submission Date
April 9, 2017
Acceptance Date
October 21, 2010
Published in Issue
Year 2011 Volume: 16 Number: 1