WORKERS’ SPORT MOVEMENT IN GERMANY

Volume: 16 Number: 1 January 14, 2011
  • H. Mehmet Tunçkol
  • Mustafa Yaşar Şahin
EN TR

WORKERS’ SPORT MOVEMENT IN GERMANY

Abstract

The physical exercise and gymnastics introduced to society and to educational curriculums in the led of some philanthropists like Johann Christoph Friedrich GutsMuths and Friedrich Ludwig Jahn. In time, physical education was being practiced at boy’s secondary schools and clubs (Turnvereine) being established through the country. In the nineteenth century, after the industrialization in Germany, working class had increased and also the club members’ characteristics had changed. Before the World War I, 350,000 worker athletes in various clubs passed the number of 1 million members and became the biggest sport movement in Europe. In 1890’s workers’ sport movement had begun in Germany by the Workers’ Gymnastic and Sport Union even the opposition of German Gymnastic Union-Turnen. The establishments like Workers’ Solidarity Cycling Club and Friends of Nature Walking Association, Workers’ Swimming Association (1897), Free Sailing Union (1901), Workers’ Chess Union (1912), Free Shooting Association (1926) had followed in ordering. So, Germany had accepted the beginning and development place of Workers’ Sport Movement in the sport history. Because Workers’ Sport Movement in Germany had reached deep social dimensions rather than the other European countries. In Weimar or Nazi regimes, workers always keep on going to the sport clubs and continued their sportive struggles even they had hard times. In this study, workers’ sport movement in Germany was searched by related literature. The aim of the study is to determine the organizational structure of working class sport movement and also adding a new written source to literature of sport science. As a result; while workers’ sport movements became a political struggle area in Germany, it also had important contributions to especially other working class sports and general sports in Europe. Trough historical period, workers’ sport movement in Germany had risen after the industrial revolution and had a huge impact all around the world by clubs, unions, festivals and Worker Olympics.


Keywords

References

  1. 1. Geary, D. (2000). The Beer and Skittles? Workers and Culture in Early Twentieth Century Germany. Australian Journal of Politics and History, 46(3): 388-402.
  2. 2. Gechtman, R. (1999). Socialist Mass Politics Through Sport: The Bund’s Morgnshtern in Poland 1926-1939. Journal of Sport History, 26(2): 326-352.
  3. 3. Krüger, A. (1996). The German Way of Worker Sport. The Story of Worker Sport (Editors Krüger & Riordan), Human Kinetics, Champaign, 1-26.
  4. 4. Krüger, A. (1998). Sport and International Politics the Impact of Fascism and Communism on Sport. (Editors P.Arnaud & J. Riordan), The Role of Sport in German International Politics 1918-1945, Spon, London, 79-96.
  5. 5. Nathaus, K. (2010). Leisure Clubs and the Decline of the Weimar Republic: A Reassessment. Journal of Contemporary History, 45(1): 27-50.

Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

-

Journal Section

-

Authors

H. Mehmet Tunçkol This is me

Mustafa Yaşar Şahin This is me

Publication Date

January 14, 2011

Submission Date

April 9, 2017

Acceptance Date

October 21, 2010

Published in Issue

Year 2011 Volume: 16 Number: 1

APA
Tunçkol, H. M., & Şahin, M. Y. (2011). WORKERS’ SPORT MOVEMENT IN GERMANY. Gazi Journal of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, 16(1), 27-35. https://izlik.org/JA69JJ35YS
AMA
1.Tunçkol HM, Şahin MY. WORKERS’ SPORT MOVEMENT IN GERMANY. Gazi JPESS. 2011;16(1):27-35. https://izlik.org/JA69JJ35YS
Chicago
Tunçkol, H. Mehmet, and Mustafa Yaşar Şahin. 2011. “WORKERS’ SPORT MOVEMENT IN GERMANY”. Gazi Journal of Physical Education and Sport Sciences 16 (1): 27-35. https://izlik.org/JA69JJ35YS.
EndNote
Tunçkol HM, Şahin MY (January 1, 2011) WORKERS’ SPORT MOVEMENT IN GERMANY. Gazi Journal of Physical Education and Sport Sciences 16 1 27–35.
IEEE
[1]H. M. Tunçkol and M. Y. Şahin, “WORKERS’ SPORT MOVEMENT IN GERMANY”, Gazi JPESS, vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 27–35, Jan. 2011, [Online]. Available: https://izlik.org/JA69JJ35YS
ISNAD
Tunçkol, H. Mehmet - Şahin, Mustafa Yaşar. “WORKERS’ SPORT MOVEMENT IN GERMANY”. Gazi Journal of Physical Education and Sport Sciences 16/1 (January 1, 2011): 27-35. https://izlik.org/JA69JJ35YS.
JAMA
1.Tunçkol HM, Şahin MY. WORKERS’ SPORT MOVEMENT IN GERMANY. Gazi JPESS. 2011;16:27–35.
MLA
Tunçkol, H. Mehmet, and Mustafa Yaşar Şahin. “WORKERS’ SPORT MOVEMENT IN GERMANY”. Gazi Journal of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, vol. 16, no. 1, Jan. 2011, pp. 27-35, https://izlik.org/JA69JJ35YS.
Vancouver
1.H. Mehmet Tunçkol, Mustafa Yaşar Şahin. WORKERS’ SPORT MOVEMENT IN GERMANY. Gazi JPESS [Internet]. 2011 Jan. 1;16(1):27-35. Available from: https://izlik.org/JA69JJ35YS

Gazi Journal of Physical Education and Sports Sciences is a scientific and peer-reviewed journal published quarterly.