Research Article
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Determination of Brand İdentity and İmage in Recreational Sports Facilities

Year 2018, Volume: 23 Issue: 2, 74 - 84, 01.04.2018

Abstract

The purpose of
this study was to
structuring the determine the brand identity and brand strategies private sector
recreational sports facilities in Ankara. The design of the study was
correlational and purposive sample was used. According to this, the sample
consists of a total of five persons who are in charge of brand management in
the sports enterprises that are considered to represent the universe in various
district of Ankara (Çankaya, Etimesgut, Altındağ and Eryaman) who accept the
interview request. Semi-structured interview method was used in the research
and "descriptive analysis" method was applied. The data obtained in the
research were collected under the themes based on the research purpose. The
rhetoric about brand image and awareness of brand managers in the business are
evaluated under three themes. These themes were evaluated in the research as
brand identity creation, brand positioning strategies and brand awareness. As a
result, the observations that the sports enterprises serving in the recreation
field have used brand awareness and used to protect brand images have been
determined as positive steps to take the sports sector to the top step.

References

  • Aaker, J. (1997). Dimensions of brand personality. Journal of Marketing Research, 34, 347-56.
  • Aaker, J., Fournier, S., & Brasel, S. A. (2004). When good brands do bad. Journal of Consumer Research, 31, 1-16.
  • Ağaoğlu, Y. S. (2013). Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Yüksekokulu öğrencilerinin marka tercihlerinin incelenmesi. KMÜ Sosyal ve Ekonomi̇k Araştırmalar Dergi̇si, 15(25), 37-46.
  • Alexandris, K., Zahariadis, P., Tsorbatzoudis, C., Grouios, G. (2004). An empirical investigation of the relationships among service quality, customer satisfaction and psychological commitment in a health club context. European Sport Management Quarterly, 4(1), 36-52.
  • Aslan, M., & Koçak, M. S. (2011). Determination of the service quality among sport and fitness centers of the selected universities. Journal of Human Sciences, 8(2), 817-833.
  • Avourdiadou, S., &Theodorakis, N. D. (2014). The development of loyalty among novice and experienced customers of sport and fitness centres. Sport Management Review, 17(4), 419-431.
  • Beech, J., & Chadwick, S. (2007). The marketing of sports. England: Pearson Education Limited.
  • Beneke, J. (2010). Consumer perceptions of private label brands within the retail grocery sector of South Africa. African Journal of Business Management, 4(2), 203-220.
  • Bhattacharya, C. B., & Sen, S. (2003). Consumer-company identification: a framework for understanding consumer's relationships with companies. Journal of Marketing, 67(2), 76-88.
  • Bodet, G. (2012). Loyalty in sport participation services: an examination of the mediating role of psychological commitment. Journal of Sport Management, 26(1), 30-42.
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş., Çakmak, K. E., Akgün, E. Ö., Karadeniz, Ş., & Demirel, F. (2009). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri (4. Baskı). Ankara: Pegem Akademi.
  • Carlson, B. D., Donavan, D. T., & Cumiskey K. J. (2009) Consumer-brand relationships in sport: brand personality and identification. International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management, 37(4), 370-384.
  • Chaudhuri, A. & Holbrook, M. B. (2001), The chain of effects from brand trust and brand affect to brand performance: the role of brand loyalty. Journal of Marketing, 65(2), 81-93.
  • Cop, R., & Baş, Y. (2010). Marka farkındalığı ve marka imajı unsurlarına karşı tüketici algıları üzerine bir araştırma. Sosyal ve Ekonomik Araştırmalar Dergisi, 19, 321-340.
  • Çimen, Z., Sarol, H., Gürbüz, B., & Öncü, E. (2016). A scale for measuring loyalty in sport services: a reliability and validity study. Niğde University Journal of Physical Education And Sport Sciences, 10(3), 395-404.
  • Eren, S. S., & Eker, S. (2012). Kurumsal sosyal sorumluluk algısının marka imajı, algılanan değer, müşteri tatmini ve marka sadakatine etkisi üzerine bir saha araştırması: X markası örneği. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 17(2), 451-472.
  • Gülsünler, M. E. (2007). Kurum kimliği süreci ve işleyişi üzerine teorik ve uygulamalı bir çalışma. Selçuk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler MYO Dergisi, 8(1-2), 281-294.
  • Gürbüz, B., Koçak, S., & Lam, T. C. E. (2005). The reliability and validity of the Turkish version of the service quality assessment scale. Education and Science, 30(38), 70-77.
  • Gürbüz, B., Lam, E. T. C., & Koçak, S. (2012). Comparison of members’ expectations and perceptions of service quality in health-fitness clubs with respect to demographic variables. International Journal of Sport Management, 13(1), 1-22.
  • Heere, B., & Dickson, G. (2008). Measuring attitudinal loyalty: separating the terms of affective commitment and attitudinal loyalty. Journal of Sport Management, 22, 227-239.
  • Holt, D. B. (1995). How consumers consume: A typology of consumption practices. Journal of Consumer Research, 22(1), 1-16.
  • Holt, D. B. (2002). Why do brands cause trouble? A dialectical theory of consumer culture and branding. Journal of Consumer Research, 29(1), 70-90.
  • Hung, C. (2005). The effect of brand ımage on public relations perceptions and customer loyalty. International Journal of Management, 25(2), 37-246.
  • Ilina A. (2015). Social media marketing strategies for customer retention in fitness industry. Saimaa University of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Business Administration, Lappeenranta Degree Programme in International Business. Bachelor’s Thesis.
  • Javadein, S. R., Khanlari, A. & Estiri, M. (2008). Customer loyalty in the sport services ındustry: The role of service quality, customer satisfaction, commitment and trust. International Journal of Human Sciences, 5(2), 1-18.
  • Jung, G. M. (2007). Structural equation modeling between leisure ınvolvement, consumer satisfaction, and behavioral loyalty in fitness centers in Taiwan. United States Sports Academy, ProQuest Dissertations Publishing.
  • Kapferer, J. N. (2001). Is there really no hope for local brands? Brand Management, 9(3), 163-170.
  • Karasar, N. (2007). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemi. Ankara: Nobel Yayın.
  • Katırcı, H., & Oyman, M. (2011). Customer satisfaction and loyalty in sport centers. Niğde University Journal of Physical Education and Sports Science, 5(2), 90-100.
  • Keller, K. L. (1993). Building, measuring and managing brand equity. strategic brand management. New Jersey: Prentice Hall.
  • Keller, K. L. (2003). Brand synthesis: The multidimensionality of brand knowledge. Journal of Consumer Research, 29(4), 595-600.
  • Martinez, E., Polo, Y., & de Chernatony, L. (2008). Effect of brand extension strategies on brand image: a comparative study of the UK and Spanish markets. International Marketing Review, 25, 107-37.
  • Schilhaneck, M. (2008). Brand management in the professional sports club setting. European Journal for Sport and Society, 5(1), 43-62.
  • Ünal S., Deniz A., & Can, P. (2008). Marka Bağlılığı ve Kişisel Değerler Açısından Pazarı Bölümleme. Atatürk Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 22(1), 211-237.
  • Viot, C. (2011). Can brand identity predict brand extensions' success or failure? Journal of Product & Brand Management, 20(3), 216-227.
  • Völckner, F., & Sattler, H. (2006). Drivers of brand extension success. Journal of Marketing, 70(2), 18-34.
  • Wu, C. C. (2011). The impact of hospital brand image on service quality, patient satisfaction and loyalty. African Journal of Business Management, 5(12), 4873-4882.
  • Yazıcı, E. İ. (1996). Kitle iletişiminde imaj. İstanbul: İm Yayın Tasarım.
  • Yıldırım, A., & Şimşek, H. (2011). Sosyal bilimlerde nitel araştırma yöntemleri. Ankara: Seçkin Yayınları.
  • Yu, H. S., Zhang, J. J., Kim, D. H., Chen, K. K., Henderson, C., Min, S. D. & Huang, H. (2014). Service quality, perceived value, customer satisfaction, and behavioral intention among fitness center members aged 60 years and over. Social Behavior and Personality: An International journal, 42(5), 757-767.

Rekreasyonel Spor Tesislerinde Marka Kimliğinin ve İmajının Belirlenmesi

Year 2018, Volume: 23 Issue: 2, 74 - 84, 01.04.2018

Abstract

Bu araştırmada, Ankara’da
bulunan özel sektöre ait rekreasyonel spor tesislerinin marka kimliğinin ve
marka imajının yapılandırılma stratejilerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırma,
amaçlı örneklem yöntemlerinden ölçüt örnekleme modeline uygun olarak
yürütülmüştür. Buna göre örneklem, görüşme talebini kabul eden Ankara’nın
çeşitli semtlerinde bulunan (Çankaya, Etimesgut, Altındağ ve Eryaman) evreni
temsil ettiği düşünülen spor işletmelerinde marka sorumlusu olarak görev yapan
toplam beş kişiden oluşmaktadır. Araştırmada yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme
yöntemi kullanılmış ve “betimsel analiz” yöntemi uygulanmıştır. Araştırmada
elde edilen veriler, araştırma amacına dayalı olarak temalar altında
toplanmıştır. İşletmelerde görev yapan marka sorumlularının marka imajı ve
bilinirliğine yönelik söylemleri üç tema altında değerlendirilmiştir. Bu
temalar, marka kimliğini oluşturma, marka konumlandırma stratejileri ve marka
bilinirliğinin sağlanması olarak, araştırmada değerlendirilmiştir. Sonuç
olarak, rekreasyon alanında hizmet veren spor işletmelerinin marka
bilinirliklerini sağlamada ve marka imajlarını korumada kullandıkları
izlemlerin spor sektörünü bir üst basamağa çıkarabilmek için olumlu adımlar
olarak belirlenmiştir.

References

  • Aaker, J. (1997). Dimensions of brand personality. Journal of Marketing Research, 34, 347-56.
  • Aaker, J., Fournier, S., & Brasel, S. A. (2004). When good brands do bad. Journal of Consumer Research, 31, 1-16.
  • Ağaoğlu, Y. S. (2013). Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Yüksekokulu öğrencilerinin marka tercihlerinin incelenmesi. KMÜ Sosyal ve Ekonomi̇k Araştırmalar Dergi̇si, 15(25), 37-46.
  • Alexandris, K., Zahariadis, P., Tsorbatzoudis, C., Grouios, G. (2004). An empirical investigation of the relationships among service quality, customer satisfaction and psychological commitment in a health club context. European Sport Management Quarterly, 4(1), 36-52.
  • Aslan, M., & Koçak, M. S. (2011). Determination of the service quality among sport and fitness centers of the selected universities. Journal of Human Sciences, 8(2), 817-833.
  • Avourdiadou, S., &Theodorakis, N. D. (2014). The development of loyalty among novice and experienced customers of sport and fitness centres. Sport Management Review, 17(4), 419-431.
  • Beech, J., & Chadwick, S. (2007). The marketing of sports. England: Pearson Education Limited.
  • Beneke, J. (2010). Consumer perceptions of private label brands within the retail grocery sector of South Africa. African Journal of Business Management, 4(2), 203-220.
  • Bhattacharya, C. B., & Sen, S. (2003). Consumer-company identification: a framework for understanding consumer's relationships with companies. Journal of Marketing, 67(2), 76-88.
  • Bodet, G. (2012). Loyalty in sport participation services: an examination of the mediating role of psychological commitment. Journal of Sport Management, 26(1), 30-42.
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş., Çakmak, K. E., Akgün, E. Ö., Karadeniz, Ş., & Demirel, F. (2009). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri (4. Baskı). Ankara: Pegem Akademi.
  • Carlson, B. D., Donavan, D. T., & Cumiskey K. J. (2009) Consumer-brand relationships in sport: brand personality and identification. International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management, 37(4), 370-384.
  • Chaudhuri, A. & Holbrook, M. B. (2001), The chain of effects from brand trust and brand affect to brand performance: the role of brand loyalty. Journal of Marketing, 65(2), 81-93.
  • Cop, R., & Baş, Y. (2010). Marka farkındalığı ve marka imajı unsurlarına karşı tüketici algıları üzerine bir araştırma. Sosyal ve Ekonomik Araştırmalar Dergisi, 19, 321-340.
  • Çimen, Z., Sarol, H., Gürbüz, B., & Öncü, E. (2016). A scale for measuring loyalty in sport services: a reliability and validity study. Niğde University Journal of Physical Education And Sport Sciences, 10(3), 395-404.
  • Eren, S. S., & Eker, S. (2012). Kurumsal sosyal sorumluluk algısının marka imajı, algılanan değer, müşteri tatmini ve marka sadakatine etkisi üzerine bir saha araştırması: X markası örneği. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 17(2), 451-472.
  • Gülsünler, M. E. (2007). Kurum kimliği süreci ve işleyişi üzerine teorik ve uygulamalı bir çalışma. Selçuk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler MYO Dergisi, 8(1-2), 281-294.
  • Gürbüz, B., Koçak, S., & Lam, T. C. E. (2005). The reliability and validity of the Turkish version of the service quality assessment scale. Education and Science, 30(38), 70-77.
  • Gürbüz, B., Lam, E. T. C., & Koçak, S. (2012). Comparison of members’ expectations and perceptions of service quality in health-fitness clubs with respect to demographic variables. International Journal of Sport Management, 13(1), 1-22.
  • Heere, B., & Dickson, G. (2008). Measuring attitudinal loyalty: separating the terms of affective commitment and attitudinal loyalty. Journal of Sport Management, 22, 227-239.
  • Holt, D. B. (1995). How consumers consume: A typology of consumption practices. Journal of Consumer Research, 22(1), 1-16.
  • Holt, D. B. (2002). Why do brands cause trouble? A dialectical theory of consumer culture and branding. Journal of Consumer Research, 29(1), 70-90.
  • Hung, C. (2005). The effect of brand ımage on public relations perceptions and customer loyalty. International Journal of Management, 25(2), 37-246.
  • Ilina A. (2015). Social media marketing strategies for customer retention in fitness industry. Saimaa University of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Business Administration, Lappeenranta Degree Programme in International Business. Bachelor’s Thesis.
  • Javadein, S. R., Khanlari, A. & Estiri, M. (2008). Customer loyalty in the sport services ındustry: The role of service quality, customer satisfaction, commitment and trust. International Journal of Human Sciences, 5(2), 1-18.
  • Jung, G. M. (2007). Structural equation modeling between leisure ınvolvement, consumer satisfaction, and behavioral loyalty in fitness centers in Taiwan. United States Sports Academy, ProQuest Dissertations Publishing.
  • Kapferer, J. N. (2001). Is there really no hope for local brands? Brand Management, 9(3), 163-170.
  • Karasar, N. (2007). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemi. Ankara: Nobel Yayın.
  • Katırcı, H., & Oyman, M. (2011). Customer satisfaction and loyalty in sport centers. Niğde University Journal of Physical Education and Sports Science, 5(2), 90-100.
  • Keller, K. L. (1993). Building, measuring and managing brand equity. strategic brand management. New Jersey: Prentice Hall.
  • Keller, K. L. (2003). Brand synthesis: The multidimensionality of brand knowledge. Journal of Consumer Research, 29(4), 595-600.
  • Martinez, E., Polo, Y., & de Chernatony, L. (2008). Effect of brand extension strategies on brand image: a comparative study of the UK and Spanish markets. International Marketing Review, 25, 107-37.
  • Schilhaneck, M. (2008). Brand management in the professional sports club setting. European Journal for Sport and Society, 5(1), 43-62.
  • Ünal S., Deniz A., & Can, P. (2008). Marka Bağlılığı ve Kişisel Değerler Açısından Pazarı Bölümleme. Atatürk Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 22(1), 211-237.
  • Viot, C. (2011). Can brand identity predict brand extensions' success or failure? Journal of Product & Brand Management, 20(3), 216-227.
  • Völckner, F., & Sattler, H. (2006). Drivers of brand extension success. Journal of Marketing, 70(2), 18-34.
  • Wu, C. C. (2011). The impact of hospital brand image on service quality, patient satisfaction and loyalty. African Journal of Business Management, 5(12), 4873-4882.
  • Yazıcı, E. İ. (1996). Kitle iletişiminde imaj. İstanbul: İm Yayın Tasarım.
  • Yıldırım, A., & Şimşek, H. (2011). Sosyal bilimlerde nitel araştırma yöntemleri. Ankara: Seçkin Yayınları.
  • Yu, H. S., Zhang, J. J., Kim, D. H., Chen, K. K., Henderson, C., Min, S. D. & Huang, H. (2014). Service quality, perceived value, customer satisfaction, and behavioral intention among fitness center members aged 60 years and over. Social Behavior and Personality: An International journal, 42(5), 757-767.
There are 40 citations in total.

Details

Journal Section Articles
Authors

Feyza Meryem Kara

Berkay Ayverdi This is me

Publication Date April 1, 2018
Submission Date April 22, 2017
Acceptance Date December 6, 2017
Published in Issue Year 2018 Volume: 23 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Kara, F. M., & Ayverdi, B. (2018). Determination of Brand İdentity and İmage in Recreational Sports Facilities. Gazi Journal of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, 23(2), 74-84.

Gazi Journal of Physical Education and Sports Sciences is a scientific and peer-reviewed journal published quarterly.