Genç Futbolcuların Duygusal Zekâ ve Zihinsel Dayanıklılık Düzeylerinin Oynadığı Mevki ve Spor Yaşı Değişkenleri Açısından Karşılaştırılması

Year 2021, Volume: 26 Issue: 3, 407 - 418, 02.07.2021

Atakan Yazıcı , Ahmet Yapar , Şenol Güven , Ramazan Taşçıoğlu , İlkay Ulutaş

https://doi.org/10.53434/gbesbd.938664

Cited By: 1

Abstract

Bu araştırmanın amacı genç futbol oyuncularının zihinsel dayanıklılık (ZD) ve duygusal zekâ (DZ) düzeylerinin mevki (oyun pozisyonu) ve spor yaşına (az deneyimli-orta deneyimli-deneyimli) bağlı deneyim değişkenleri açısından karşılaştırmaktır. Katılımcılar Türkiye’nin çeşitli kulüplerinde aktif olarak futbol oynayan 17-20 yaş aralığında (x̅=17,75) ve 1-14 spor yaşı aralığında (x̅=7,22) toplam 458 erkek oyuncudan oluşmaktadır. Araştırmanın verileri demografik bilgi formu, Sporda Zihinsel Dayanıklılık Envanteri (SZDE) ile Duygusal Zekâ Özellik Ölçeği (DZÖÖ) uygulanarak elde edilmiştir. Araştırmada elde edilen veriler normallik ve homojenlik varsayımları karşılandığı incelendikten sonra tek yönlü varyans analizi aracılığıyla incelenmiştir. Bulgular, ZD açısından spor yaşı ve sporcu pozisyonu açısından anlamlı farklılık bulunamamışken, DZ açısından spor yaşı değişkeninin iyi olma ve duygusallık boyutları ile sporcu pozisyonu açısından yalnızca sosyallik boyutunda anlamlı bir fark olduğunu göstermiştir. Sonuç olarak spor yaşı arttıkça duygu durum değişkenlerinden iyi olma ve duygusallık pozitif değişim göstermektedir. Ayrıca iletişim becerilerinin sahada da yüksek olması beklenen, orta saha pozisyonundaki oyuncuların diğer pozisyonlara göre daha yüksek sosyal beceriye sahip oldukları araştırmada ortaya çıkan diğer bir sonuçtur.

Keywords

Duygusal zeka, Zihinsel dayanıklılık, Futbol, Spor yaşı, Oyuncu pozisyonu

Comparison of Emotional Intelligence and Mental Toughness of Youth Soccer Players in Terms of Position and Soccer Experience Variables

Abstract

The aim of this research was the comparison of mental toughness (MT) and emotional intelligence (EI) of youth soccer players based on their soccer experience and player positions. Participants of the study composed of totally 458 youth male soccer players who are between 17-20 years old (x̅=17,75) and 1-14 (x̅=7,22) years of soccer experiences. Data obtained by using demographic questionnaire, Sport Mental Toughness Questionnaire (MTIS), and Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire (TEIQ). According to homogeneity and normality test results, The One-way ANOVA was used for the analysis of data. The findings demonstrated that there is no significant difference between sports age and position variables in terms of MT. In addition, results indicated that soccer experience make differences on well-being and emotionality subscales of TEIQ. Besides, according to player positions and TEIQ subscales, there were significant differences between sociability. In conclusion, soccer experience is one of the factors that influence well-being and emotionality positively. Moreover, it observed that midfield players’ social abilities are higher than winger players and defensive midfield players.

Keywords

Emotional intelligence, Mental toughness, Soccer, Soccer experience, Player position

References

• 1. Altıntaş, A., & Akalan, C. (2008). Mental training and high performance. SPORMETRE Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 6(1), 39-43.
• 2. Altıntaş, A., & Koruç, P. B. (2016). Examining psychometric properties of the sport mental toughness questionnaire-SMTQ. Hacettepe Journal of Sport Sciences. 27(4), 163-171.
• 3. Asamoah, B. (2013). The role of mental toughness, psychological skills and team cohesion in soccer performance (Doctoral Dissertation). Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch University.
• 4. Asamoah, B., & Grobbelaar, H. (2016). Positional comparisons of mental toughness, psychological skills and group cohesion among soccer players. African Journal for Physical Activity and Health Sciences, 22(3:1), 747–759.
• 5. Balyi, I., Way, R., & Higgs, C. (2013). Long-term athlete development. New York: Human Kinetics.
• 6. Bar-On, R. (1997). Bar-On emotional quotient inventory (EQ-I): Technical Manual. Toronto, Canada: InMulti-HealthSystems.
• 7. Bar-On, R., Handley, R. & Fund, S. (2005). The impact of emotional intelligence on performance. In Druskat, V., Sala, F. & Mount, G. (Eds.) Linking emotional intelligence and performance at work: Current research evidence (pp.3-19).
• 8. Ciarrochi, J. V., Chan, A. Y. C., & Caputi, P. (2000). A critical evaluation of the emotional intelligence construct. Personality and Individual Differences, 28(3), 539–561.
• 9. Clough, P., Earle, K., Perry, J. L., & Crust, L. (2012). Comment on “Progressing measurement in mental toughness: A case example of the Mental Toughness Questionnaire 48” by Gucciardi, Hanton, and Mallett (2012). Sport, exercise, and performance psychology, 1(4), 283–287.
• 10. Cox, R. H. (2011). Sport psychology: Concepts and applications (7th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill Education.
• 11. Derksen, J., Kramer I., & Katzko, M. (2002). Does a self-report measure for emotional intelligence assess something different than general intelligence? Personality and Individual Differences, 32, 37-48.
• 12. Gill, G. S., Lane, A. M., Thelwell, R. & Devonport, T. (2011). Relationship between emotional intelligence and psychological skills. Indian Journal of Fitness, 7, 9-16.
• 13. Goleman, D. (1995). Emotional intelligence (Why it can mattermorethan IQ). New York: Bantam Dell.
• 14. Gucciardi, D. F., & Mallett, C. J. (2010). Mental toughness. In Routledge handbook of applied sport psychology (pp. 551). London: Routledge.
• 15. Gucciardi, D., & Gordon, S. (2009). Development and preliminary validation of the cricket mental toughness inventory (CMTI). Journal of Sports Science, 27(12), 1293–1310.
• 16. Hanin, Y. L. (1997). Emotions and athletic performance. Individual zones of optimal functioning model. European Yearbook of Sport Psychology, 1, 29–72.
• 17. Horsburgh, V. A., Schermer, J. A., Veselka, L., & Vernon, P. A. (2009). A behavioural genetic study of mental toughness and personality. Personality and individual differences, 46(2), 100-105.
• 18. Lazarus, R. S., & Folkman. S. (1984). Stress, appraisal and coping. New York: Springer.
• 19. Lopes, P. N., Salovey, P., Côté, S., Beers, M., & Petty, R. E. (2005). Emotion regulation abilities and the quality of social interaction. Emotion, 5(1), 113.
• 20. Masum, R. (2014). A mixed-method analysis of mental toughness in elite and sub-elite male and female tennis players in Pakistan. Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal, 1,110-122.
• 21. Mayer, J. D., Caruso, D. R., & Salovey, P. (1999). Emotional intelligence meets traditional standarts for an intelligence. Intelligence, 27(4), 267-298.
• 22. Mayer, J. D., Salovey, P., & Caruso, D. R. (2004). Emotional Intelligence: Theory, findings and implications. Psychological Inquiry, 15(3), 197-215.
• 23. Nicholls, A. R., Jones, C. R., Polman, R. C. J., & Borkoles, E. (2009). Acutesport‐related stressors, coping, and emotion among professional rugby union players during training and matches. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports, 19(1), 113-120.
• 24. Petrides, K, V. (2009). Technical manual for the trait emotional intelligence questionnaires (TEIQue). London, England: London Psychometric Laboratory.
• 25. Petrides, K, V. (2010). Trait emotional intelligence theory. Industrial and Organizational Psychology, 3(2), 136–139.
• 26. Petrides, K, V., & Furnham, A. (2001). Trait emotional intelligence: Psychometric investigation with reference to established trait taxonomies. European Journal of Personality, 15(6), 425–448.
• 27. Petrides, K, V., Pita, R., & Kokkinaki, F. (2007). The location of trait emotional intelligence in personality factor space. British Journal of Psychology, 98(2), 273–289.
• 28. Roberts, R. D., Zeidner, M., & Matthews, G. (2001). Does emotional intelligence meet traditional standards for an intelligence? Some new data and conclusions. Emotions. 1(3), 196-231.
• 29. Salovey, P., & Mayer, J. D. (1990). Emotional intelligence. Imagination, Cognition, and Personality, 9(3), 185–211.
• 30. Sheard, M. (2013). Mental toughness: The mindset behind sporting achievement (2nd ed.). New York: Routledge.
• 31. Sheard, M., Golby, J., & Van Wersch, A. (2009). Progress toward construct validation of the Sports Mental Toughness Questionnaire (SMTQ). European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 25(3), 184–191.
• 32. The FA. (n.d.). FA Philophy. Retrieved from The Future England Player Skills and Attributes website: http://www.thefa.com/learning/england-dna/the-future-england-player/attributes-and-skills
• 33. Ulutaş, İ. (2017). Psychrometric properties of the trait emotional intelligence questionnaire (TEIQe) in Turkish. Current Psychology, 38(3), 775-781.
• 34. Yazıcı, A. (2019). Kavramsal bakış açısı ile sporda üstün başarı için zihinsel dayanıklılık. In N. Dal (Ed.), Spor Psikolojisinde Yeni Yaklaşımlar (pp. 75–97). Ankara: Akademisyen Kitabevi.
• 35. Yazıcı, A., & Güçlü, M. (2019). Psikolojik performans farklılıkları açısından profesyonel basketbol: profesyonel basketbol oyuncularında zihinsel dayanıklılık ve duygusal zekânın çeşitli değişkenler açısından incelenmesi. Mauritus: LAP LAMBERT Academic Publishing. ISBN:978-613-9-99198-3
• 36. Yazıcı, A., Savaş, S., & Günay, M. (2018, April). The effect of implementation of a 6-week basketball-specific aerobic training on mental toughness and anxiety variables. Presented proceeding at IV International Exerciseand Sport Psychology Congress, Association of Exercise and Sport Psychology, İstanbul.