Observational Collective Efficacy Scale for Sport (OCESS): Validity and Reliability Study of the Turkish Form

Year 2023, Volume: 28 Issue: 1, 55 - 62, 31.01.2023

Ender Şenel , Mevlüt Yıldız , Recep Görgülü , İlhan Adiloğulları

https://doi.org/10.53434/gbesbd.1130377

Abstract

The study aimed to analyze the Observational Collective Efficacy Scale for Sport (OCESS). 242 Turkish athletes and 85 Turkish coaches participated in the study. After performing the first step for the language validity of the scale by using the translation-back translation method, it was sent to the athletes as an online form. Athletes responded to the items voluntarily. KMO and Bartlett’s test of sphericity values were calculated to determine whether the data was proper for factor analysis. The initial factor structure of the scale was tested with CFA. While the Pearson correlation test was used for criterion-related validity, the internal consistency coefficient was calculated with Cronbach’s alpha. While KMO was found to be 0.84, Bartlett’s test of sphericity was statistically significant. The item factor loadings ranged between 0.64 and 0.88. In sum, the Turkish version of the OCESS presents acceptable psychometric properties and may be used to assess athletes’ collective efficacy beliefs in team sports repeatedly.

Keywords

Team sport, Outcome-oriented Team, Process-oriented team

Sporda Gözlemsel Kolektif Yeterlik Ölçeği: Türkçe Formunun Geçerlik ve GÜvenirlik Çalışması

Abstract

Bu araştırmanın amacı, Sporda Gözlemsel Kolektif Yeterlik Ölçeğinin Türk sporcularda ve antrenörlerde analiz etmektir. Araştırmaya 242 sporcu ve 85 antrenör katılmıştır. Çeviri-geri çeviri yöntemi kullanılarak ölçeğin dil geçerliği için gerekli ilk aşama gerçekleştirildikten sonra, çevrimiçi form sporculara gönderilmiştir. Sporcular formu gönüllü olarak doldurmuştur. KMO ve Bartlett Küresellik Testi verilerin faktör analizine uygun olup olmadığına karar vermek için kullanılmıştır. Ölçeğin başlangıçtaki yapısı Doğrulayıcı Faktör Analizi (DFA) ile test edilmiştir. Pearson Korelasyon testi ölçüt bağıntılı geçerlik analizi için kullanılırken iç tutarlılık katsayısı alfa katsayısı ile hesaplanmıştır. KMO 0.84 olarak bulunurken, Bartlett Küresellik testi istatistiksel olarak anlamlı çıkmıştır. Madde faktör yükleri 0.64 ile 0.88 arasındadır. Sonuç olarak, Sporda Gözlemse Kolektif Yeterlik Ölçeğinin Türkçe sürümü kabul edilebilir psikometri özellikler göstermiş ve takım sporlarında sporcuların ve antrenörlerin kolektif yeterlik inançlarını değerlendirmek için kullanılabilir özelliktedir.

Keywords

Takım sporu, Sonuç odaklı takım, Süreç odaklı takım

References

• 1. Bandura, A. (1997). Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. New York: Freeman.
• 2. Bandura, A. (1986). Social foundations of thought and action. NJ: Englewood Cliffs.
• 3. Bandura, A. (2000). Exercise of human agency through collective efficacy. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 9(3), 75-78.
• 4. Beaton, D. E., Bombardier, C., Guillemin, F., & Ferraz, M. B. (2000). Guidelines for the process of cross-cultural adaptation of self-report measures. Spine, 25(24), 3186-3191.
• 5. Dithurbide, L., & Feltz, D. L. (2012). Self-efficacy and collective efficacy. Measurement in sport and exercise psychology, In Tenenbaum, G. E., Eklund, R. C., & Kamata, A. E. (Eds.), Measurement in sport and exercise psychology, (p. 251-263). Champaign: Human Kinetics.
• 6. Dithurbide, L., Sullivan, P., & Chow, G. (2009). Examining the influence of team-referent causal attributions and team performance on collective efficacy: A multilevel analysis. Small Group Research, 40(5), 491-507.
• 7. Edmonds, W. A., Tenenbaum, G., Kamata, A., & Johnson, M. B. (2009). The role of collective efficacy in adventure racing teams. Small Group Research, 40(2), 163-180.
• 8. Feltz, D. L. (1982). Path analysis of the causal elements in Bandura’s theory of self-efficacy and an anxiety-based model of avoidance behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 42(4), 764.
• 9. Feltz, D. L., & Mugno, D. A. (1983). A replication of the path analysis of the causal elements in Bandura’s theory of self-efficacy and the influence of autonomic perception. Journal of Sport Psychology, 5(3), 263-277.
• 10. Feltz, D. L., Bandura, A., & Lirgg, C. D. (1989, August). Perceived collective efficacy in hockey. In D. Kendzierski (Chair) Self perceptions in sport and physical activity: Self efficacy and self image. Presented at Symposium conducted at the Meeting of the American Psychological Association, New Orleans, LA.
• 11. Feltz, D. L., Short, S. E., & Sullivan, P. J. (2008). Self-efficacy in sport. Champaign: Human Kinetics.
• 12. Fransen, K., Kleinert, J., Dithurbide, L., Vanbeselaere, N., & Boen, F. (2014). Collective efficacy or team outcome confidence? Development and validation of the Observational Collective Efficacy Scale for Sports (OCESS). International Journal of Sport Psychology, 45, 121–137.
• 13. Gully, S. M., Incalcaterra, K. A., Joshi, A., & Beaubien, J. M. (2002). A meta-analysis of team-efficacy, potency, and performance: interdependence and level of analysis as moderators of observed relationships. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87(5), 819-832.
• 14. Hampson, R., & Jowett, S. (2014). Effects of coach leadership and coach–athlete relationship on collective efficacy. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 24(2), 454-460.
• 15. Hodges, L., & Carron, A. V. (1992). Collective efficacy and group performance. International Journal of Sport Psychology, 23(1), 48-59.
• 16. Keshtan, M. H., Ramzaninezhad, R., Kordshooli, S. S., & Panahi, P. M. (2010). The relationship between collective efficacy and coaching behaviors in professional volleyball league of Iran clubs. World Journal of Sport Sciences, 3(1), 1-6.
• 17. Kozub, S. A., & McDonnell, J. F. (2000). Exploring the relationship between cohesion and collective efficacy in rugby teams. Journal of Sport Behavior, 23(2), 120-130.
• 18. Myers, N. D., & Feltz, D. L. (2007). From self-efficacy to collective efficacy in sport. In G. Tenenbaum & R. C. Eklund (Eds.), Handbook of Sport Psychology (3rd ed., p. 799-819). Hoboken, NJ, US: John Wiley & Sons Inc.
• 19. Myers, N. D., Feltz, D. L., & Short, S. E. (2004). Collective efficacy and team performance: a longitudinal study of collegiate football Teams. Group Dynamics: Theory, Research, and Practice, 8(2), 126-138.
• 20. Myers, N. D., Paiement, C. A., & Feltz, D. L. (2007). Regressing team performance on collective efficacy: Considerations of temporal proximity and concordance. Measurement in Physical Education and Exercise Science, 11(1), 1-24.
• 21. Öncü, E., Feltz, D. L., Lirgg, C. D., & Gürbüz, B. (2016, November). Sporda kolektif yeterlik ölçeği Türkçe versiyonunun psikometrik özellikleri. 14. Uluslararası Spor Bilimleri Kongresinde sunulan bildiri. Spor Bilimleri Derneği, Antalya.
• 22. Oncu, E., Feltz, D., Lirgg, C., & Gürbüz, B. (2018). The examination of the psychometric properties of the Turkish Collective Efficacy Questionnaire for Sports. Acta Gymnica, 48(1), 27-35.
• 23. Short, S. E., Sullivan, P., & Feltz, D. (2005). Development and preliminary validation of the collective efficacy questionnaire for sports. Measurement in Physical Education and Exercise Science, 9(3), 181-202.
• 24. Davis, L. L. (1992). Instrument review: Getting the most from your panel of experts. Applied Nursing Research, 5(4), 194–197.
• 25. Polit, D. F., & Beck, C. T. (2006). The content validity index: are you sure you know what’s being reported? Critique and recommendations. Research in Nursing & Health, 29(5), 489-497.
• 26. Polit, D. F., & Beck, C. T. (2004). Nursing research: Principles and methods. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
• 27. Polit, D. F., Beck, C. T., & Owen, S. V. (2007). Is the CVI an acceptable indicator of content validity? Appraisal and recommendations. Research in Nursing & Health, 30(4), 459-467.
• 28. Waltz, C. F., & Bausell, R. B. (1981). Nursing research: Design, statistics, and computer analysis. FA: Davis Co.
• 29. Lynn, M. R. (1986). Determination and quantification of content validity. Nursing Research, 35, 382-385.
• 30. Zaccaro, S. J., Blair, V., Peterson, C., & Zazanis, M. (1995). Collective efficacy. In Self-efficacy, adaptation, and adjustment (pp. 305-328). Boston, MA: Springer.