Adolesan Taekwondo Sporcularında Plantar Basınç Dağılımı ile Denge Arasındaki İlişki

Year 2023, Volume: 28 Issue: 2, 160 - 166, 30.04.2023

Yunus Açıkgöz , Elif Cengizel

https://doi.org/10.53434/gbesbd.1217210

Cited By: 1

Abstract

Bu araştırmanın amacı adolesan taekwondo sporcularında plantar basınç dağılımı ile denge arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesidir. Araştırmaya yirmi üç adolesan taekwondo sporcusu gönüllü olarak katılmıştır. Plantar basınç ve plantar kuvvetini belirlemek amacıyla pedobarografik yöntem kullanılmıştır. Statik denge için flamingo denge testi ve dinamik denge için alt ekstremite Y denge testi uygulanmıştır. Plantar basınç dağılımı ve denge arasındaki ilişkinin belirlenmesi için Pearson korelasyon testi kullanılmıştır. Sporcuların baskın olmayan bacak statik denge ile ayakların ön kısmına uyguladıkları plantar basınç arasında orta düzeyde anlamlı negatif ilişki (r=-.466, p=.025) ve ayakların arka kısmına uyguladıkları plantar basınç arasında orta düzeyde anlamlı pozitif ilişki (r=.466, p=.025) tespit edilmiştir. Katılımcıların dinamik denge performansı ile yürüyüş esnasındaki dinamik plantar kuvvet arasında baskın bacak anterior yönde orta düzey (r=.552, p=.008) ve posteromedial yönde yüksek pozitif ilişki (r=.656, p<.001); baskın olmayan bacakta posteromedial yönde orta düzey (r=.483, p=.020) ve posterolateral yönde orta düzey pozitif ilişki (r=.437, p=.037) elde edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak adölesan taekwondocularda plantar basınç dağılımı ve kuvvetinin, statik ve dinamik denge ile ilişkilidir. Adölesan taekwondocularda, gelişim döneminde plantar basınç verilerinin göz ardı edilmemesi, olası ayak taban rahatsızlıklarının takip edilmesi ve plantar basınç dağılımının optimal olması için denge çalışmalarının antrenmanlara eklenmesi önerilmektedir.

Keywords

Taekwondo, Dinamik denge, Statik denge, Plantar basınç, Pedobarografi

The Relationship between Plantar Pressure Distribution and Balance in Adolescent Taekwondo Athletes

Abstract

The purpose of this research was to examine the relationship between plantar pressure distribution and balance in adolescent taekwondo athletes. Twenty-three adolescent taekwondo athletes participated in the study voluntarily. Pedobarographic method was used to determine the plantar pressure and plantar force. Flamingo balance test for static balance and lower quarter Y balance test for dynamic balance were applied. Pearson correlation test was used to determine the relationship between plantar pressure distribution and balance. A moderate significant negative relationship between the non-dominant leg static balance and the plantar pressure at the forefoot of the athletes (r=-.466, p=.025), and a moderate significant positive relationship with the plantar pressure at the rearfoot (r=.466, p=.025) was determined. There was a moderate positive correlation between the dynamic balance ability and the dynamic plantar force during walking in the anterior direction (r=.552, p=.008) and a high positive correlation in the posteromedial direction (r=.656, p<.001) in the dominant leg; moderate positive correlation (r=.483, p=.020) in the posteromedial direction and moderate positive correlation in the posterolateral direction (r=.437, p=.037) was observed in the non-dominant leg of participants. As a result, plantar pressure distribution and force were associated with static and dynamic balance in adolescent taekwondo athletes. It is recommended that plantar pressure data should not be ignored during the developmental period in adolescent taekwondo athletes, possible plantar disorders should be followed and balance exercises should be added to training in order to have optimal plantar pressure distribution.

Keywords

Taekwondo, Dynamic balance, Static balance, Plantar pressure, Pedobarography

References

• 1. Ackland, T. R., Elliott, B., & Bloomfield, J. (2009). Applied anatomy and biomechanics in sport (2. ed). Auckland: Human Kinetics.
• 2. Adoración, M. V., Esquivel, J. M., Tomás, C., Buenafé, A., & Moreno, L. (2008). Foot structure in overweight and obese children. International Journal of Pediatric Obesity, 3(1), 39-45.
• 3. Aziz, A. R., Tan, B., & Teh, K. C. (2002). Physiological responses during matches and profile of elite pencak silat exponents. Journal of Sports Science & Medicine, 1(4), 147.
• 4. Ball, N., Nolan, E., & Wheeler, K. (2011). Anthropometrical, physiological, and tracked power profiles of elite taekwondo athletes 9 weeks before the Olympic competition phase. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 25(10), 2752-2763.
• 5. Canbolat Güder, B. (2022). Taekwondocularda 12 haftalık kor egzersizlerinin statik denge kor kuvveti anaerobik güç sürat ve çevikliğe etkisinin incelenmesi (Doktora Tezi). Gazi Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Ankara.
• 6. Choi, D. S., Jung, E. N., & Park, M. H. (2021). Comparison of balance ability and physical fitness according to the growth period in taekwondo players. Journal of Exercise Rehabilitation, 17(5), 354-361.
• 7. Chtara, M., Rouissi, M., Bragazzi, N. L., Owen, A. L., Haddad, M., & Chamari, K. (2018). Dynamic balance ability in young elite soccer players: implication of isometric strength. Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 58(4), 414-420.
• 8. Demirbüken, I., Ozgül, B., Timurtas¸, E., Yurdalan, S. U., Dinçer Çekin, M., & Polat, G. (2019). Gender and age impact on plantar pressure distribution in early adolescence. Acta Orthopaedica et Traumatologica Turcica, 53, 215-220.
• 9. Doğan, F. E., Korkmaz, N., & Güzel, N. A. (2021). Futbolcularda kalça izometrik addüktör ve abdüktör kas kuvvet oranının dinamik denge ile ilişkisi. Spor Hekimliği Dergisi, 56(4), 180-185.
• 10. Düzcesoy Kalender, H. (2018). Farklı ayak postür indeksi’ne sahip sporcuların ayak bileği kuvvet, mobilite, esneklik ve plantar basınç değerlerinin karşılaştırılması (Yüksek Lisans Tezi). Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Eskişehir.
• 11. El, O., Akcali, O., Kosay, C., Kaner, B., Arslan, Y., Sagol, E., … Peker, O. (2006). Flexible flatfoot and related factors in primary school children: A report of a screening study. Rheumatology International, 26(11), 1050-1053.
• 12. Entezari, S., Memar, R., & Kakavand, M. (2017). Effect of taekwondo on plantar pressure distribution symmetry in dominant and none-dominant limb. Research in Sport Medicine and Technology, 15(13), 17-24.
• 13. Falco, C., Alvarez, O., Castillo, I., Estevan, I., Martos, J., Mugarra, F., & Iradi, A. (2009). Influence of the distance in a roundhouse kick’s execution time and impact force in taekwondo. Journal of Biomechanics, 42(3), 242-248.
• 14. Feizolahi, F., & Azarbayjani, M. (2014). Comparison of static and dynamic balance in amateur male athletes. The Scientific Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine, 3(4), 89–98.
• 15. Güder, F., & Günay, M. (2019). Sub-elit taekwondocuların statik denge düzeyleri müsabaka başarılarında etkili midir? [Does static balance levels of sub-elite taekwondo players was effective on their competition success?]. International Journal of Contemporary Educational Studies, 5(1), 89-98.
• 16. Haddad, M., Ouergui, I., Hammami, N., & Chamari, K. (2015). Physical training in taekwondo: generic and specific training. Performance Optimization in Taekwondo: From Laboratory To Field, OMICS Group eBooks, California, USA.
• 17. İpekoglu, G., Karabiyik, H., Er, F., Suveren Erdogan, C., Cakir, E., Koz, M., Baltaci, G., & Colakoglu, F. F. (2018). Does bosu training affect on dynamic and static balance in adolescent taekwondo athletes?. Kinesiologia Slovenica, 24(1), 5-13.
• 18. Lee, S. P., & Powers, C. M. (2014). Individuals with diminished hip abductor muscle strength exhibit altered ankle biomechanics and neuromuscular activation during unipedal balance tasks. Gait & Posture, 39(3), 933-938.
• 19. Leong, H. T., Fu, S. N., Gabriel, Y. F., & Tsang, W. N. (2011). Low-level taekwondo practitioners have better somatosensory organisation in standing balance than sedentary people. European Jour-nal of Applied Phisiology, 11(1), 1787-1793.
• 20. Lin, C. J., Lai, K. A., Kuan, T. S., & Chou, Y. L. (2001). Correlating factors and clinical significance of flexible flatfoot in preschool children. Journal of Pediatric Orthopedics, 21(3), 378-382.
• 21. Lord, S. R., Ward, J. A., Williams, P., & Anstey, K. J. (1994). Physi-ological factors associated with falls in older community-dwelling women. J. of the American Geriatrics Society, 42(10), 1110-1117.
• 22. Mickle, K. J., Steele, J. R., & Munro, B. J. (2006). The feet of overweight and obese young children: Are they flat or fat? Obesi-ty, 14(11), 1949-1953.
• 23. Mocanu, G. D., Iordan, D. A., Mocanu, M. D., Cojocaru, M., & Nechıfor, A. (2021a). Investigation of plantar pressure and plantar imbalances in the static phase of karate do athletes. Balneo and PRM Research Journal, 12(2), 133-144.
• 24. Mocanu, G. D., Murariu, G., Iordan, D. A., & Sandu, I. (2021b). Analysis of the influence of age stages on static plantar pressure indicators for karate do practitioners (preliminary report). Applied Sciences, 11(16), 7320.
• 25. Morales, J., Ubasart, C., Solana-Tramunt, M., Villarrasa-Sapiña, I., González, L. M., Fukuda, D., & Franchini, E. (2018). Effects of rapid weight loss on balance and reaction time in elite judo athletes. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 13(10), 1371-1377.
• 26. Park, J. H., Noh, S. C., Jang, H. S., Yu, W. J., Park, M. K., & Choi, H. H. (2009, December). The study of correlation between foot-pressure distribution and scoliosis. Paper presented at the 13th In-ternational Conference on Biomedical Engineering, pp. 974-978. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.
• 27. Pekel, A. Ö., & Aydos, L. (2022). Erken ergenlikte spor eğitiminin adım uzunluğuna etkisi [The effect of sports education on stride length in early adolescence]. Bozok International Journal of Sport Sciences, 3(2), 74-85.
• 28. Pfeiffer, M., Kotz, R., Ledl, T., Hauser, G., & Sluga, M. (2006). Prevalence of flat foot in preschool-aged children. Pediatrics, 118(2), 634-639.
• 29. Pieter, W., & Heijmans, J. (2000). Scientific coaching for olympic taekwondo. 22-27. (2. ed). Aachen: Meyer and Meyer Sport.
• 30. Pinniger, G. J., Steele, J. R., & Groeller, H. (2000). Does fatigue induced by repeated dynamic efforts affect hamstring muscle function?. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 32(3), 647-653.
• 31. Pirani, M. A., Miri, H., Hemayattalab, R., Dabagh Nikookheslat, S., Haidari Moghadam, R., Khoshdast, M., & Mahdiloo, M. (2014). Comparison between balance and reaction time in Iranian elite karate athletes. Journal for Research in Sport Rehabilitation, 1(2), 49-57.
• 32. Plisky, P. J., Gorman, P. P., Butler, R. J., Kiesel, K. B., Underwood, F. B., & Elkins, B. (2009). The reliability of an instrumented device for measuring components of the star excursion balance test. North American Journal of Sports Physical Therapy, 4(2), 92–99.
• 33. Rabello, L. M., Macedo, C. D. G., Gil, A. W., Oliveira, M. R., Coe-lho, V. A., Silva, G. B., & Silva, R. A. (2014). Comparison of postural balance between professional taekwondo athletes and young adults. Fisioterapia e Pesquisa, 21(2), 139-143.
• 34. Rad, A. G., & Aghdam, E. M. (2012). The medical insole effects in kinetic patterns of vertical jumping for heading between flatfoot male football players. Annals of Biological Research, 13(1), 162-169.
• 35. Sabharwal, S., Zhao, C., & Edgar, M. (2008). Lower limb alignment in children: Reference values based on a full-length standing radiograph. Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics, 28(7), 740-746.
• 36. Suzana, M. A., & Pieter, W. (2009). Motor ability profile of junior and senior taekwondo club athletes. Brazilian Journal of Biomotricity, 3(4), 325-331.
• 37. Tayshete, I., Akre, M., Ladgaonkar, S., & Kumar, A. (2020). Comparison of effect of proprioceptive training and core muscle strengthening on the balance ability of adolescent taekwondo athletes. International Journal of Health Sciences and Research, 10(6), 268-79.
• 38. Van Werkhoven, H., & Piazza, S. J. (2017). Foot structure is correlated with performance in a single-joint jumping task. Journal of Biomechanics, 57, 27-31.
• 39. Wong, P. L., Chamari, K., Chaouachi, A., De, W. M., Wisløff, U., & Hong, Y. (2007). Difference in plantar pressure between the preferred and non‐preferred feet in four soccer related movements. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 41(2), 84.
• 40. Yılmaz Menek, M., & Tarakcı, D. (2022). Kalça çevresi kas kuvveti denge ve fonksiyonu etkiler mi? [Does the hip muscle strength affect balance and function?]. Sağlık Akademisi Kastamonu, 7(1), 100-111.
• 41. Yoon, S. D., Sung, D. H., & Park, D. (2015). The effect of active core exercise on fitness and foot pressure in taekwondo club students. The Journal of Physical Therapy Science, 27(2), 509-511.
• 42. Yurt, Y. (2011). Okul öncesi dönemdeki çocuklarda ayakkabı uy-gunluğunun değerlendirilmesi (Yüksek Lisans Tezi). Hacettepe Ün-iversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Ankara.
• 43. Zago, M., Mapelli, A., Shirai, Y. F., Ciprandi, D., Lovecchio, N., Galvani, C., & Sforza, C. (2015). Dynamic balance in elite karateka. Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology, 25(6), 894-900.
• 44. Zvonar, M., Lutonska, K., & Reguli, Z. (2012). Influence of com-bative sports on state of plantar pressure. Ido Movement for Culture. Journal of Martial Arts Anthropology, 12(1), 30-5.