Olağanüstü Hal Çerçevesinde Hukuk ve Siyaset İlişkisi: ABD’nin Teröre Karşı Savaşı ve İstisna Halinin Mekânsal Temsilleri Olarak Guantanamo ve Ebu Gureyb

Year 2021, Volume: 23 Issue: 2, 178 - 199, 28.12.2021

Zeynep Arıöz , Muhammed Kürşad Özekin

https://doi.org/10.54627/gcd.938336

Abstract

Hukuk ve siyaset ilişkisi, siyasetin, hukuk üzerinde adaleti ve tarafsızlığı bozan etkileri bakımından tartışmalı olmayı sürdürmektedir. Olağanüstü hal kavramı, bu tartışmanın belirginleştiği bir ara bölgedir. Çalışmada, Carl Schmitt, Walter Benjamin ve Giorgio Agamben gibi düşünürlerin olağanüstü hal kuramlarına atıf yapılarak, hukuk ile egemen arasındaki ilişkiyi ve siyasal olanla yasal olan arasındaki çatışmayı tartışmak amaçlanmıştır. Bu bağlamda, ABD’nin 11 Eylül saldırılarının ardından teröre karşı açtığı savaş ve izlediği tek taraflı dış politika ile olağanüstü hal arasındaki ilişkiye odaklanılacaktır. Saldırılarının ardından ABD dış politikası, pro-aktif ve ofansif güvenlik stratejilerinin hakim olduğu yeni bir döneme girmiştir. ABD, Güvenlik Konseyi’nin açık bir yetkilendirmesi olmaksızın Irak ve Afganistan’a askeri müdahalede bulunmuş ve ele geçirilen teröristlerin tutukluluk ve yargılanma süreçleri konusunda uluslararası hukuku askıya alan bir dizi uygulama, yasalar ve Başkanlık Emirleri aracılığıyla hayata geçirilmiştir. Çalışmada Guantanamo ve Ebu Gureyb cezaevleri, ABD’nin tek taraflı dış politikası bağlamında tartışılarak, hukukun, egemenin kararları lehine araçsallaştırıldığı, istisna halinin mekânsal temsilleri olarak değerlendirilecektir.

Keywords

ABD Dış Politikası, 11 Eylül Saldırıları, Terörizme Karşı Küresel Savaş, Olağanüstü Hal, Guantanamo, Ebu Gureyb.

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