Suriye İç Savaşı’nda Şii Yabancı Savaşçılar: Savaşçı Devşirme Stratejileri ve İran’ın Bölgesel Rolü

Year 2022, Volume: 24 Issue: 2, 158 - 173, 29.12.2022

Göktuğ Sönmez

https://doi.org/10.54627/gcd.1130746

Cited By: 1

Abstract

Ülkenin nükleer programı, bununla ilgili uluslararası çabalar ve yaptırımların etkisi, bu yaptırımların sona ermesinin ekonomik ve politik sonuçları ve bölgede aktif olarak izlediği “vekâlet savaşı” stratejisi nedeniyle İran, uluslararası ilişkilerin gündeminde oldukça önemli bir yer işgal etmektedir. İran'ın yakın coğrafyasını şekillendirmeye yönelik çabaları “vekiller” yoluyla önemli bir ilerleme kaydetmiş ve Suriye İç Savaşı, İran'ın yıllar boyunca biriktirdiği bu “know-how” ı kullandığı en etkili savaş alanlarından biri olmuştur.
Bu çalışmada, İran’ın Suriye’deki rejimin otoritesini sağlamak için sınır aşan bir strateji geliştirdiği öne sürülmektedir. Çalışma, bu argümanı temellendirmek adına İran’ın devrim sonrası bölgesel hedefleri ve bu bağlamdaki kilit aktörlerin genel bir tartışmasını sunacaktır. Takiben, Arap Baharı ve Suriye İç Savaşı kapsamında bu bölgesel stratejinin, bazı önemli Şii’i aktörlerin oyuna dahil edilme süreçlerinin çevrimiçi ve çevrimdışı süreçleri göz önünde bulundurarak bir profilleme çalışması üzerinden tartışılacaktır. Böylelikle İran’ın bölgesel stratejisi bağlamında sahaya en etkin biçimde ağırlığını koyduğu alanlardan olan Suriye’de nasıl bir sınır-aşan strateji üzerinden etkin konuma geldiğinin anlaşılması hedeflenmektedir.

Keywords

İran, Suriye, Kudüs Gücü, Fatimiyyun, Şi’a, Yabancı Savaşçılar

Foreign Shiite Fighters in the Syrian Civil War: Actors, Recruitment Strategies and Iran’s Regional Role

Abstract

Due to the country’s nuclear program, international efforts regarding it and the impact of the sanctions, the economic and political consequences of the termination of these sanctions, and the “proxy war” it actively carries out in the region, Iran has been one of the key focal points of international relations. Iran's efforts to shape its immediate geography through by “proxies” have undergone significant progress, and the Syrian Civil War has been one of the most influential battlefields where Iran has used this “know-how” it had accumulated over years.
In this study, how Iran devised a transboundary strategy to ensure the regime’s authority in Syria will be discussed. The study, in order to do so, will provide a general discussion of Iran’s post-revolutionary regional ambitions and key actors within this context. After that, the Arab Spring and the Syrian Civil War dimensions of this regional strategy will be discussed by profiling some key foreign Shi’a actors with an eye on their recruitment strategies online and offline. By doing so, how Iran has become an influential actor in the Syria Civil War, as the battlefield where Iranian regional strategy in a transnational pattern is played out quite effectively will be made sense of.

Keywords

Iran, Syria, Quds Force, Fatemiyoun, Shi’a, Foreign Fighters

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