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Suç Sosyolojisi: Türkiye’deki Hapishanelerin Mekânsal ve Zamansal Bağlamı

Year 2024, Volume: 26 Issue: 1, 104 - 131, 28.06.2024
https://doi.org/10.54627/gcd.1419525

Abstract

Günümüzde suç ve ceza konuları, toplumları derinlemesine etkileyen karmaşık ve çok yönlü olgular olarak öne çıkmaktadır. Bu bağlamda, suç sosyolojisi disiplini, suçun toplumsal kökenlerini, etkilerini ve cezalandırma sistemlerinin toplumsal yapılardaki rolünü anlamaya yönelik önemli bir çaba sarf etmektedir. Bu makale, özellikle Türkiye’deki hapishanelerin mekânsal ve zamansal bağlamını inceleyerek suç sosyolojisi disiplininde önemli bir boşluğu doldurmayı amaçlamaktadır. Başlangıç kısmında, suçun sosyolojik boyutunu anlamak adına suç sosyolojisinin genel çerçevesine odaklanılacaktır. Bu bağlamda, suçun bireylerarası, toplumsal ve kültürel etkenlere nasıl bağlı olduğunu anlamak için temel kavramlar ile teoriler ele alınacaktır. Ayrıca, suçun toplum üzerindeki etkilerini inceleyerek, suçla mücadelede kullanılan cezalandırma sistemlerinin ve hapishane gibi kurumların toplumun sosyal dokusundaki rolü irdelenecektir. Türkiye’deki hapishanelerin tarihçesi/ değişimi ele alınacak ve bu kurumların mekânsal boyutu detaylı bir şekilde incelenecektir. Hapishanelerin yerleşim yerleri, yapısal özellikleri ve kapasiteleri gibi faktörler, suçla mücadelede bu kurumların etkinliğini anlamak adına önemli bir perspektif sunmaktadır. Ayrıca hapishanelerin zamansal boyutu üzerine odaklanılacaktır. Bu bağlamda, Türkiye’de hapishane nüfusundaki değişimler, suç oranlarındaki dalgalanmalar ve cezalandırma politikalarındaki değişiklikler incelenecektir. Bu analiz, hapishane sistemlerinin toplumdaki değişen dinamiklere nasıl tepki gösterdiğini ve suçun zamansal olarak nasıl dönüştüğünü anlamamıza yardımcı olacaktır. Elde edilen bulguların suç sosyolojisi teorileriyle nasıl ilişkilendirilebileceği ve bu analizlerin Türkiye’deki ceza sistemi üzerindeki pratik etkileri tartışılacaktır. Gelecekteki araştırmalara yönelik öneriler sunularak, suç sosyolojisi alanında spesifik sorunlar ve dinamikler hakkında daha derinlemesine, kapsamlı bir bilgi birikimi oluşturma hedeflenmektedir. Bu makale, Türkiye’deki hapishanelerin mekânsal ve zamansal boyutlarıyla toplumsal ilişkisine odaklanarak suç sosyolojisi disiplinine yeni bir perspektif sunmayı amaçlamaktadır. Elde edilen bulguların, suçun toplumsal bağlamını anlamak ve etkili suç politikaları geliştirmek adına önemli bir katkı sağlayacağı umulmaktadır.

Ethical Statement

Bu makale için etik beyan gerekmemektedir.

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Project Number

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Thanks

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References

  • Adli Sicil ve İstatistik Genel Müdürlüğü. (2020). Adli İstatistikler. Ankara: ASGM Yayınları.
  • Ashworth, Andrew; Horder, Jeremy (2013). Principles of Criminal Law (7th ed.). Oxford University Press.
  • Beijersbergen, K. A., Dirkzwager, A. J., Molleman, T., van der Laan, P. H., & Nieuwbeerta, P. (2015). Procedural justice in prison: The importance of staff characteristics. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 59(4), s. 337-358.
  • Bennett, J., Crewe, B., & Wahidin, A. (Eds.). (2013). Understanding prison staff. Willan.
  • Bottoms, A. E., & Wiles, P. (2002). Explanations of crime and place. In Crime, policing and place (pp. 11-35). Routledge.
  • Cooper, R. A. (1981). Jeremy Bentham, Elizabeth Fry, and English Prison Reform. Journal of the History of Ideas, 42(4), s. 675-690.
  • Cornish, D. B., & Clarke, R. V. (2016). The rational choice perspective. In Environmental criminology and crime analysis (pp. 48-80). Routledge.
  • Cullen, F. T. (1994). Social support as an organizing concept for criminology: Presidential address to the Academy of Criminal Justice Sciences. Justice Quarterly, 11(4), s. 527-559.
  • Denno, D. W. (1985). Sociological and human developmental explanations of crime: Conflict or consensus?. Criminology, 23(4), s. 711-741.
  • Downes, D. M., Rock, P. E., & McLaughlin, E. (2016). Understanding deviance: A guide to the sociology of crime and rule-breaking. Oxford University Press.
  • Eadie, T., Morley, R., Baldock, J., Manning, N., & Vickerstaff, S. (2003). Crime, justice and punishment. Social policy, s. 541-573.
  • Eadie, T., Morley, R., Baldock, J., Manning, N., & Vickerstaff, S. (2003). Crime, justice and punishment. Social policy, s. 541-573.
  • Ehrlich, E., & Isaacs, N. (1922). The sociology of law. Harvard Law Review, 36(2), s. 130-145.
  • Elizabeth, A. Martin. (2003). Oxford Dictionary of Law (7 ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Pressç
  • Fajnzylber, Pablo; Lederman, Daniel; Loayza, Norman. (2002). “What causes violent crime?”. European Economic Review. 46 (7): 1323-1357. doi:10.1016/S0014-2921(01)00096-4.
  • Fattah, Ezzat A. (1997). Criminology: Past, Present and Future: A Critical Overview. Palgrave Macmillan UK.
  • Ferrajoli, L. (2019). Beccaria e Bentham. Diciottesimo Secolo, 4, s. 75-84.
  • Foucault, Michel (1977). Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison. New York: Vintage Books.
  • Fraser, S. (2011). The drug effect: Health, crime and society (pp. 1-16). D. Moore (Ed.). Melbourne: Cambridge University Press.
  • Garland, D. (1990). Frameworks of Inquiry in the Sociology of Punishment. British Journal of Sociology, s. 1-15.
  • Garland, D. (2018). Theoretical advances and problems in the sociology of punishment. Punishment & Society, 20(1), s. 8-33.
  • Garland, David (1986). “Review: Foucault’s Discipline and Punish: An Exposition and Critique”. American Bar Foundation Research Journal. 11 (4): s. 847–880. doi:10.1111/j.1747-4469.1986.tb00270.x.
  • Gottfredson, D. C., McNeıl, R. J., & Gottfredson, G. D. (1991). Social area influences on delinquency: A multilevel analysis. Journal of Research in Crime and delinquency, 28(2), s. 197-226.
  • Hester, S., & Eglin, P. (2015). A sociology of crime. Routledge.
  • Jones, S. (2021). Criminology. Oxford University Press.
  • Lakobrija, N. (2021). The bırth of prısons–evolutıon of an ıdea. Civitas, 11(01), s. 216-236.
  • Lamond, G. (2007). What is a Crime?. Oxford Journal of Legal Studies, 27(4), s. 609-632.
  • Levitt, S. D., & Miles, T. J. (2007). Empirical study of criminal punishment. Handbook of law and economics, 1, s. 455-495.
  • Newburn, T. (2017). Criminology. Routledge.
  • Poveda, T. G. (1970). Image of the Criminal: A Critique of Crime and Delinquency Theories. Issues Criminology, 5, s. 59.
  • Quinney, O. R. (2017). Reality of Crime. Classic Writings in Law and Society: Contemporary Comments and Criticisms.
  • Roth, Mitchel P. (2014). An Eye for an Eye: A Global History of Crime and Punishment. Reaktion Books.
  • Rubin, A. T. (2015). A neo‐institutional account of prison diffusion. Law & Society Review, 49(2), s. 365-400.
  • Scharff-Smith, P. (2016). Prisons and human rights-past, present and future challenges. The Routledge international handbook of criminology and human rights, s. 525-535.
  • Schwan, Anne; Shapiro, Stephen (2011). How to read Foucault’s discipline and punish. London: Pluto Press.
  • Tannenbaum, F., Lemert, E., Becker, H., & Schur, E. (1994). Critical Theories. Delinquency in Society: A Child-centered Approach, s. 189.
  • Timasheff, N. S. (2017). An introduction to the sociology of law. Routledge.
  • TÜİK. (2022). “Güvenlik Birimine Gelen veya Getirilen Çocuk İstatistikleri”. Erişim adresi: https://data.tuik.gov.tr/ (08.01.2024).
  • Vito, G. F., & Maahs, J. R. (2015). Criminology. Jones & Bartlett Publishers.

Sociology of Punishment: Spatial and Temporal Context of Prisons in Turkey

Year 2024, Volume: 26 Issue: 1, 104 - 131, 28.06.2024
https://doi.org/10.54627/gcd.1419525

Abstract

In contemporary times, the issues of crime and punishment stand out as complex and multifaceted phenomena deeply impacting societies. In this context, the discipline of the sociology of crime endeavors to understand the social origins of crime, its effects, and the role of penal systems within social structures. This article aims to fill a significant gap in the discipline of the sociology of crime by examining the spatial and temporal context of prisons in Turkey. Initially, to comprehend the sociological dimension of crime, the general framework of the sociology of crime will be focused upon. In this context, fundamental concepts and theories will be addressed to understand how crime is linked to interpersonal, social, and cultural factors. Additionally, by examining the impacts of crime on society, the role of penal systems and institutions like prisons in the social fabric will be scrutinized. The history and evolution of prisons in Turkey will be discussed, and the spatial dimensions of these institutions will be examined in detail. Factors such as the locations of prisons, their structural features, and capacities offer a significant perspective for understanding the effectiveness of these institutions in combating crime. Moreover, the temporal dimension of prisons will be focused upon. In this context, changes in the prison population in Turkey, fluctuations in crime rates, and shifts in penal policies will be analyzed. This analysis will help us understand how prison systems respond to changing dynamics in society and how crime transforms temporally. The findings will be discussed in relation to theories of the sociology of crime and the practical implications of these analyses on the penal system in Turkey will be explored. Suggestions for future research will be presented, aiming to build a more profound and comprehensive knowledge base on specific issues and dynamics within the field of the sociology of crime. By focusing on the spatial and temporal dimensions of prisons in Turkey and their social relationship, this article aims to provide a new perspective to the discipline of the sociology of crime. It is hoped that the findings will contribute significantly to understanding the social context of crime and developing effective crime policies.

Project Number

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References

  • Adli Sicil ve İstatistik Genel Müdürlüğü. (2020). Adli İstatistikler. Ankara: ASGM Yayınları.
  • Ashworth, Andrew; Horder, Jeremy (2013). Principles of Criminal Law (7th ed.). Oxford University Press.
  • Beijersbergen, K. A., Dirkzwager, A. J., Molleman, T., van der Laan, P. H., & Nieuwbeerta, P. (2015). Procedural justice in prison: The importance of staff characteristics. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 59(4), s. 337-358.
  • Bennett, J., Crewe, B., & Wahidin, A. (Eds.). (2013). Understanding prison staff. Willan.
  • Bottoms, A. E., & Wiles, P. (2002). Explanations of crime and place. In Crime, policing and place (pp. 11-35). Routledge.
  • Cooper, R. A. (1981). Jeremy Bentham, Elizabeth Fry, and English Prison Reform. Journal of the History of Ideas, 42(4), s. 675-690.
  • Cornish, D. B., & Clarke, R. V. (2016). The rational choice perspective. In Environmental criminology and crime analysis (pp. 48-80). Routledge.
  • Cullen, F. T. (1994). Social support as an organizing concept for criminology: Presidential address to the Academy of Criminal Justice Sciences. Justice Quarterly, 11(4), s. 527-559.
  • Denno, D. W. (1985). Sociological and human developmental explanations of crime: Conflict or consensus?. Criminology, 23(4), s. 711-741.
  • Downes, D. M., Rock, P. E., & McLaughlin, E. (2016). Understanding deviance: A guide to the sociology of crime and rule-breaking. Oxford University Press.
  • Eadie, T., Morley, R., Baldock, J., Manning, N., & Vickerstaff, S. (2003). Crime, justice and punishment. Social policy, s. 541-573.
  • Eadie, T., Morley, R., Baldock, J., Manning, N., & Vickerstaff, S. (2003). Crime, justice and punishment. Social policy, s. 541-573.
  • Ehrlich, E., & Isaacs, N. (1922). The sociology of law. Harvard Law Review, 36(2), s. 130-145.
  • Elizabeth, A. Martin. (2003). Oxford Dictionary of Law (7 ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Pressç
  • Fajnzylber, Pablo; Lederman, Daniel; Loayza, Norman. (2002). “What causes violent crime?”. European Economic Review. 46 (7): 1323-1357. doi:10.1016/S0014-2921(01)00096-4.
  • Fattah, Ezzat A. (1997). Criminology: Past, Present and Future: A Critical Overview. Palgrave Macmillan UK.
  • Ferrajoli, L. (2019). Beccaria e Bentham. Diciottesimo Secolo, 4, s. 75-84.
  • Foucault, Michel (1977). Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison. New York: Vintage Books.
  • Fraser, S. (2011). The drug effect: Health, crime and society (pp. 1-16). D. Moore (Ed.). Melbourne: Cambridge University Press.
  • Garland, D. (1990). Frameworks of Inquiry in the Sociology of Punishment. British Journal of Sociology, s. 1-15.
  • Garland, D. (2018). Theoretical advances and problems in the sociology of punishment. Punishment & Society, 20(1), s. 8-33.
  • Garland, David (1986). “Review: Foucault’s Discipline and Punish: An Exposition and Critique”. American Bar Foundation Research Journal. 11 (4): s. 847–880. doi:10.1111/j.1747-4469.1986.tb00270.x.
  • Gottfredson, D. C., McNeıl, R. J., & Gottfredson, G. D. (1991). Social area influences on delinquency: A multilevel analysis. Journal of Research in Crime and delinquency, 28(2), s. 197-226.
  • Hester, S., & Eglin, P. (2015). A sociology of crime. Routledge.
  • Jones, S. (2021). Criminology. Oxford University Press.
  • Lakobrija, N. (2021). The bırth of prısons–evolutıon of an ıdea. Civitas, 11(01), s. 216-236.
  • Lamond, G. (2007). What is a Crime?. Oxford Journal of Legal Studies, 27(4), s. 609-632.
  • Levitt, S. D., & Miles, T. J. (2007). Empirical study of criminal punishment. Handbook of law and economics, 1, s. 455-495.
  • Newburn, T. (2017). Criminology. Routledge.
  • Poveda, T. G. (1970). Image of the Criminal: A Critique of Crime and Delinquency Theories. Issues Criminology, 5, s. 59.
  • Quinney, O. R. (2017). Reality of Crime. Classic Writings in Law and Society: Contemporary Comments and Criticisms.
  • Roth, Mitchel P. (2014). An Eye for an Eye: A Global History of Crime and Punishment. Reaktion Books.
  • Rubin, A. T. (2015). A neo‐institutional account of prison diffusion. Law & Society Review, 49(2), s. 365-400.
  • Scharff-Smith, P. (2016). Prisons and human rights-past, present and future challenges. The Routledge international handbook of criminology and human rights, s. 525-535.
  • Schwan, Anne; Shapiro, Stephen (2011). How to read Foucault’s discipline and punish. London: Pluto Press.
  • Tannenbaum, F., Lemert, E., Becker, H., & Schur, E. (1994). Critical Theories. Delinquency in Society: A Child-centered Approach, s. 189.
  • Timasheff, N. S. (2017). An introduction to the sociology of law. Routledge.
  • TÜİK. (2022). “Güvenlik Birimine Gelen veya Getirilen Çocuk İstatistikleri”. Erişim adresi: https://data.tuik.gov.tr/ (08.01.2024).
  • Vito, G. F., & Maahs, J. R. (2015). Criminology. Jones & Bartlett Publishers.
There are 39 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Correctional Theory, Offender Treatment and Rehabilitation, Crime and Social Justice, Causes and Prevention of Crime, Sociological Studies of Crime
Journal Section Review Articles
Authors

Arif Akbaş 0000-0002-8480-4350

Project Number -
Publication Date June 28, 2024
Submission Date January 14, 2024
Acceptance Date June 24, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 26 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Akbaş, A. (2024). Suç Sosyolojisi: Türkiye’deki Hapishanelerin Mekânsal ve Zamansal Bağlamı. Güvenlik Çalışmaları Dergisi, 26(1), 104-131. https://doi.org/10.54627/gcd.1419525