The Effects of Infill Density and Pattern on the Strength of Marine Small Craft Building by Additive Manufacturing Method

Abstract

The additive manufacturing method based on computer-aided design and three-dimensional printing technology, its speed, design freedom provided for the designers, the cost-effectiveness and competitive for relatively low-capacity production needs, the possibilities of achieving good quality; has gained a popularity with the industries, including the maritime sector. The main proof of this interest is the significant increase in the number of research and development activities and scientific publications on this topic. Due to above mentioned advantages, it is inevitable for the small-marine craft industry, whose competitiveness can be made sustainable by frequently updating flexible designs, to adopt their technology to the additive manufacturing method. While it makes the design and manufacturing process of boats efficient, for getting more effective results; it requires past driven data approach on practical experience. In this study, the effect of infill density and pattern, which are important parameters of the additive manufacturing method, on the tensile strength of the final product's basic mechanical properties was investigated experimentally. Tensile tests with 13 different printing patterns and 5 different infill densities of polylactic acid (PLA), one of the polymers widely used based on three-dimensional printing technologies, and a test matrix consisting of five different filling densities as 10%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%, were performed in Dokuz Eylul University’s (DEU) Composite Laboratory. The results showed that the mechanical properties were very sensitive to these parameters, and the cubic pattern was generally effective in achieving the best mechanical properties at the investigated densities. Using this pattern and 25% density, sailboat hull with a scale of 1/5 was produced in DEU Institute of Marine Sciences and Technologies Additive Manufacturing Laboratory, using PLA polymer by additive manufacturing.

Keywords

• Additive manufacturing method in marine small craft building
• Polylactic acide (PLA)
• Printing infill pattern
• Printing infill density

Eklemeli İmalat Yöntemiyle Tekne İnşaatında Dolgu Yoğunluğu ve Örüntüsünün Mukavemet Üzerindeki Bileşik Etkisi

Öz

Prototip ve ürün üretim hızı, tasarımcılara sağladığı form geliştirme özgürlüğü, görece düşük kapasitedeki üretim ihtiyaçları için rekabetçi maliyeti, iyi kaliteye hızlı ulaşım olanaklarıyla, bilgisayar destekli tasarım ve üç boyutlu yazıcı teknolojisi temelindeki eklemeli imalat yöntemi, denizcilik endüstrisini de kapsayacak şekilde yaygın bir ilgi görmektedir. Bu ilginin temel kanıtı, eklemeli imalat yöntemine ilişkin araştırma, geliştirme etkinlikleri ve bilimsel yayın sayılarındaki ciddi artıştır. Esnek tasarımların sıklıkla güncellenmesiyle rekabetçiliği sürdürülebilir kılınabilecek küçük tekne endüstrisinin anılan avantajları nedeniyle eklemeli imalat yöntemine yönelmesi kaçınılmazdır. Eklemeli imalat yöntemi, teknelerin tasarım ve üretim sürecini verimli kılmakla birlikte, bu yöntemden iyi sonuç alabilmek onun bileşenleri üzerinde uygulamayla elde edilmiş deneyimlere dayanan verileri gereksinir. Bu çalışma kapsamında eklemeli imalat yönteminin önemli bileşenlerinden dolgu yoğunluğu ve örüntüsünün nihai ürünün temel mekanik özelliklerinden çekme mukavemeti üzerindeki etkisi deneysel olarak incelenmiştir. Üç boyutlu yazım teknolojileri temelinde yaygın olarak kullanılan polimerlerden polilaktik asitin (PLA) 13 farklı basım örüntüsü ve %10, 25, 50, 75 ve 100 olmak üzere beş farklı dolgu yoğunluğundan oluşan deney matrisi uyarınca çekme deneyleri Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi (DEÜ) Kompozit Laboratuvarı’nda yapılmıştır. Sonuçlar, mekanik niteliklerin üzerinde durulan parametrelere çok duyarlı olduğu, “kübik” örüntünün incelenen yoğunluklarda genel olarak en iyi mekanik niteliklere ulaşmakta etkin olduğunu göstermiştir. Bu örüntü ve %25 yoğunluktan yararlanılarak 1/5 ölçeğinde bir yelkenli tekne gövdesi PLA polimer kullanılarak eklemeli imalat yöntemiyle DEÜ Deniz Bilimleri ve Teknolojileri Eklemeli imalat Laboratuvarı’nda üretilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Tekne üretiminde eklemeli imalat yöntemi
• Polilaktik asit (PLA)
• Yazım örüntüsü
• Dolgu yoğunluğu

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