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Learner Autonomy in EFL Settings

Year 2008, Volume: 28 Issue: 3, 1 - 16, 01.09.2008

Abstract

There has been a considerable growth of interest in the theory and practice of autonomy in language teaching and learning as a consequence of the innovations that have taken place in recent years. Focusing on the studies carried out on learner autonomy since the 1980s, this review paper examines the origins of autonomy, the definitions of learner autonomy and the characteristics of autonomous learners. The review also covers the practical ways that foster learner autonomy in the actual classroom atmosphere. It concludes by discussing learner autonomy in the context of European Language Portfolio (ELP) and by making suggestions on learner autonomy in the EFL settings.

References

  • Ade-ojo, O. G. (2005). The Predisposition of Adult Learners in a FE College towards Autonomy. Journal of Further and Higher Education, 29 (3), 191-210.
  • Barfield, A. and S. Brown (2007). Reconstructing Autonomy in Language Education: Inquiry and Innovation. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan
  • Benson, P. (1997). Philosophy and politics of autonomy. P. Benson and P. Voller (eds). Autonomy and Independence in Language Learning. (18-34). London: Pearson Education Limited.
  • Benson, P. and Voller, P. (1997). Autonomy and Independence in Language Learning. London: Pearson Education Limited.
  • Benson, P. (2001). Teaching and Researching Autonomy in Language Learning. London: Pearson Education Limited.
  • Benson, P. (2006). Learner autonomy 8: Insider perspectives on autonomy in language learning and teaching. Dublin: Authentik Limited.
  • Benson, P. (2007). Autonomy in language teaching and learning. Language Teaching. 40, 21-40
  • Brajcich, J. (2000). Encouraging Learner Autonomy in Your Classes. http://www.jaltpublications.org/tlt/articles/2000/03/brajcich (2006, August 2)
  • Brown, H. D. (1994). Principles of Language Learning and Teaching. (3rd edition). New Jersey: Prentice Hall Regents.
  • Demirel, Ö. (2005). Avrupa Konseyi Dil Projesi ve Türkiye Uygulaması. Milli Eğitim Dergisi. 167(5), 78-88.
  • Dewey, J. (1916). Democracy and Education. New York: Macmillan.
  • Dickinson, L. (1987). Self-instruction in Language Learning. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Dickinson, L. (1993). Talking Shop: Aspects of autonomous learning. ELT Journal, 47 (4), 39-56
  • Dixon, D.; Baba, H. and Cozens, P. (2006) Independent Learning Schemes: A Practical Approach. Dubai: TESOL Arabia.
  • Egel, İ. P. (2003). The Impact of the European Language Portfolio on the Learner Autonomy of Turkish Primary School Students. Unpublished Ph. D. Thesis, Anadolu University, Institute of Social Sciences. The Department of English Language Teaching.
  • Esch, E. (1996). Promoting Learner autonomy: Criteria for the Selection of Appropriate Materials. R. Pemberton, E. Li, W. OR and H.D. Pierson (eds). Taking ControlAutonomy in language learning. (35-48). Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press.
  • Fazey, M. A. D. and Fazey, A. J. (2001). The Potential for Autonomy in Learning: perceptions of competence, motivation and locus of control in first-year undergraduate students. Studies in Higher Education. 26(3).345-361.
  • Gao, X. (2007). Language Learning Experiences and Learning Strategy Research: Voices of a Mainland Chinese Student in Hong Kong. Innovation in Language Learning and Teaching, 1(2), 1-15
  • Gardner, D and Miller, L. (1999). Establishing Self-Access: from theory to practice. Cambridge. Cambridge University Press.
  • Gremmo, M.J. and Riley, P. (1995). Autonomy, self-direction and self access in Language Teaching and Learning: The History of an Idea. System, 23 (2), 151-164.
  • Heyworth, H. (2006). The Common European Framework. ELT Journal, 60 (2), 181-183.
  • Holec, H. (1981). Autonomy in Foreign Language Learning. Oxford: Pergamon.
  • Holec, H. (2007). A brief historical perspective on learner and teacher autonomy. T. Lamb and H. Reinders (eds.) Learner and teacher autonomy: Concepts, realities and responses. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
  • Hill, T. (1991). Autonomy and Self-respect. USA: Cambridge University Press.
  • Huang, J. (2006). Learner resistance in metacognition training. An exploration of mismatches between learner and teacher agendas. Language Teaching Research. 10 (1). 95-117.
  • Jimenez Raya, M., Lamb, T. and Vieira, F. (2007). Pedagogy for Autonomy in Language Education- Towards a Framework for Teacher and Learner Development. Dublin: Authentik Limited.
  • Koyuncu, S. (2006). The Effect of the European Language Portfolio on Learner Autonomy for young learners. Unpublished MA Thesis, Çukurova University, Institute of Social Sciences. The Department of English Language Teaching.
  • Kupfer, H. (1990). Autonomy and Social Interaction. USA: State University of New York Press.
  • Lam, W. Y. K. (2007). Metacognitive Strategy Use: Accessing ESL Learners’ Inner Voices Via Stimulated Recall. Innovation in Language Learning and Teaching, 2 (3), 1-17
  • Lamb, T and Reinders, H. (2007). Learner and Teacher Autonomy: Concepts, realities, Responses. Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang.
  • Little, D. (1991). Learner Autonomy: Definitions, issues and problems. Dublin: Authentik Limited.
  • Little, D. (1994). Learner Autonomy: a theoretical construct and its practical applications. Die Neuren Sprachen, 93(5), 430-442.
  • Little, D. and R. Perclová (2001). European Language Portfolio: guide for teachers and teacher trainers. Strasbourg: Council of Europe.
  • Little, D. (2002). Learner autonomy and second/foreign language learning. http://www.lang.ltsn.ac.uk/resources/goodpractice.aspx?resourceid=1409 (2008, June 9).
  • Little, D. (2007). Language Learner Autonomy: Some Fundamental Considerations Revisited. Innovation in Language Learning and Teaching .1 (1), 14-29
  • Little, D. (forthcoming) Learner autonomy, the European Language Portfolio, and teacher development. R. Pemberton and S. Toogood (Eds.) Autonomy and Language Learning: Maintaining Control. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press.
  • Long, B. H. and Agyekum, K. S. (2004). University Students’ Perceptions of Instructor and Learner Tasks: Phase two. International Journal of Self-Directed Learning, 1 (2), 63-81
  • Nunan, D. (1996). Towards Autonomous Learning: Some Theoretical, Empirical and Practical Issues. R. Pemberton, E. Li, W. OR and H.D. Pierson (eds), Taking Control- Autonomy in Language Learning. (13-27). Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press.
  • Schneider, G. and P. Lenz, 2001. European Language Portfolio: guide for developers. Strasbourg: Council of Europe.
  • Schärer, R. (2000). European Language Portfolio: final report on the pilot project. Strasbourg: Council of Europe.
  • Smith, R. (2002). Autonomy, context and appropriate methodology. In F. Vieira, M. A. Moreira, I. Barbosa and M. Paiva (Eds.) Pedagogy for autonomy and English learning: Proceedings of the 1st conference of the working group – Pedagogy for autonomy (1-16). Braga: University of Minho. http://www.warwick.ac.uk/go/richardcsmith/
  • Stephenson, J. and Laycock, M. (1993). Using Learner Contracts in Higher Education. London: Kogan Page.
  • Toogood, S. and Pemberton, R. (2002). Integrating self-access language learning into the curriculum. A case study. P. Benson and R. Pemberton (eds). Learner autonomy 7: Challenges to research and practice. Dublin: Authentik Limited.
  • Vosicki, B. F. (n.d). Piloting the European Language Portfolio in the Higher Education Sector: An ELC/CEL transnational Project. University of Lausanne: CH. http://www.fu-berlin.de/elc. (2008, May 19)
  • Yumuk, A. Ş. (2002). Letting Go of Control to the Learners: The Role of the Internet in Promoting a More Autonomous View of Learning in an Academic Translation Course. Educational Research, 44(2), 141-156.

İngilizcenin Yabancı Dil Olarak Öğrenildiği Ortamlarda Öğrenen Özerkliği

Year 2008, Volume: 28 Issue: 3, 1 - 16, 01.09.2008

Abstract

Son yıllarda, dil öğrenimi/öğretiminde meydana gelen yeniliklerin bir sonucu olarak özerklik kavramına hatırı sayılır bir ilgi oluşmuştur. 1980\'li yıllardan itibaren yapılan çalışmalara odaklanarak, bu derleme makalesi özerklik kavramının kökenini, öğrenen özerkliğinin tanımlarını ve özerk öğrencilerin özelliklerini incelemektedir. Çalışma ayrıca sınıf ortamında öğrenen özerkliğini geliştirecek yolları da içermektedir. Avrupa Dil Portfolyosu bağlamında öğrenen özerkliğini tartışarak İngilizce\'nin yabancı dil olarak öğretildiği ortamlara ilişkin önerilerde bulunmaktadır.

References

  • Ade-ojo, O. G. (2005). The Predisposition of Adult Learners in a FE College towards Autonomy. Journal of Further and Higher Education, 29 (3), 191-210.
  • Barfield, A. and S. Brown (2007). Reconstructing Autonomy in Language Education: Inquiry and Innovation. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan
  • Benson, P. (1997). Philosophy and politics of autonomy. P. Benson and P. Voller (eds). Autonomy and Independence in Language Learning. (18-34). London: Pearson Education Limited.
  • Benson, P. and Voller, P. (1997). Autonomy and Independence in Language Learning. London: Pearson Education Limited.
  • Benson, P. (2001). Teaching and Researching Autonomy in Language Learning. London: Pearson Education Limited.
  • Benson, P. (2006). Learner autonomy 8: Insider perspectives on autonomy in language learning and teaching. Dublin: Authentik Limited.
  • Benson, P. (2007). Autonomy in language teaching and learning. Language Teaching. 40, 21-40
  • Brajcich, J. (2000). Encouraging Learner Autonomy in Your Classes. http://www.jaltpublications.org/tlt/articles/2000/03/brajcich (2006, August 2)
  • Brown, H. D. (1994). Principles of Language Learning and Teaching. (3rd edition). New Jersey: Prentice Hall Regents.
  • Demirel, Ö. (2005). Avrupa Konseyi Dil Projesi ve Türkiye Uygulaması. Milli Eğitim Dergisi. 167(5), 78-88.
  • Dewey, J. (1916). Democracy and Education. New York: Macmillan.
  • Dickinson, L. (1987). Self-instruction in Language Learning. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Dickinson, L. (1993). Talking Shop: Aspects of autonomous learning. ELT Journal, 47 (4), 39-56
  • Dixon, D.; Baba, H. and Cozens, P. (2006) Independent Learning Schemes: A Practical Approach. Dubai: TESOL Arabia.
  • Egel, İ. P. (2003). The Impact of the European Language Portfolio on the Learner Autonomy of Turkish Primary School Students. Unpublished Ph. D. Thesis, Anadolu University, Institute of Social Sciences. The Department of English Language Teaching.
  • Esch, E. (1996). Promoting Learner autonomy: Criteria for the Selection of Appropriate Materials. R. Pemberton, E. Li, W. OR and H.D. Pierson (eds). Taking ControlAutonomy in language learning. (35-48). Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press.
  • Fazey, M. A. D. and Fazey, A. J. (2001). The Potential for Autonomy in Learning: perceptions of competence, motivation and locus of control in first-year undergraduate students. Studies in Higher Education. 26(3).345-361.
  • Gao, X. (2007). Language Learning Experiences and Learning Strategy Research: Voices of a Mainland Chinese Student in Hong Kong. Innovation in Language Learning and Teaching, 1(2), 1-15
  • Gardner, D and Miller, L. (1999). Establishing Self-Access: from theory to practice. Cambridge. Cambridge University Press.
  • Gremmo, M.J. and Riley, P. (1995). Autonomy, self-direction and self access in Language Teaching and Learning: The History of an Idea. System, 23 (2), 151-164.
  • Heyworth, H. (2006). The Common European Framework. ELT Journal, 60 (2), 181-183.
  • Holec, H. (1981). Autonomy in Foreign Language Learning. Oxford: Pergamon.
  • Holec, H. (2007). A brief historical perspective on learner and teacher autonomy. T. Lamb and H. Reinders (eds.) Learner and teacher autonomy: Concepts, realities and responses. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
  • Hill, T. (1991). Autonomy and Self-respect. USA: Cambridge University Press.
  • Huang, J. (2006). Learner resistance in metacognition training. An exploration of mismatches between learner and teacher agendas. Language Teaching Research. 10 (1). 95-117.
  • Jimenez Raya, M., Lamb, T. and Vieira, F. (2007). Pedagogy for Autonomy in Language Education- Towards a Framework for Teacher and Learner Development. Dublin: Authentik Limited.
  • Koyuncu, S. (2006). The Effect of the European Language Portfolio on Learner Autonomy for young learners. Unpublished MA Thesis, Çukurova University, Institute of Social Sciences. The Department of English Language Teaching.
  • Kupfer, H. (1990). Autonomy and Social Interaction. USA: State University of New York Press.
  • Lam, W. Y. K. (2007). Metacognitive Strategy Use: Accessing ESL Learners’ Inner Voices Via Stimulated Recall. Innovation in Language Learning and Teaching, 2 (3), 1-17
  • Lamb, T and Reinders, H. (2007). Learner and Teacher Autonomy: Concepts, realities, Responses. Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang.
  • Little, D. (1991). Learner Autonomy: Definitions, issues and problems. Dublin: Authentik Limited.
  • Little, D. (1994). Learner Autonomy: a theoretical construct and its practical applications. Die Neuren Sprachen, 93(5), 430-442.
  • Little, D. and R. Perclová (2001). European Language Portfolio: guide for teachers and teacher trainers. Strasbourg: Council of Europe.
  • Little, D. (2002). Learner autonomy and second/foreign language learning. http://www.lang.ltsn.ac.uk/resources/goodpractice.aspx?resourceid=1409 (2008, June 9).
  • Little, D. (2007). Language Learner Autonomy: Some Fundamental Considerations Revisited. Innovation in Language Learning and Teaching .1 (1), 14-29
  • Little, D. (forthcoming) Learner autonomy, the European Language Portfolio, and teacher development. R. Pemberton and S. Toogood (Eds.) Autonomy and Language Learning: Maintaining Control. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press.
  • Long, B. H. and Agyekum, K. S. (2004). University Students’ Perceptions of Instructor and Learner Tasks: Phase two. International Journal of Self-Directed Learning, 1 (2), 63-81
  • Nunan, D. (1996). Towards Autonomous Learning: Some Theoretical, Empirical and Practical Issues. R. Pemberton, E. Li, W. OR and H.D. Pierson (eds), Taking Control- Autonomy in Language Learning. (13-27). Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press.
  • Schneider, G. and P. Lenz, 2001. European Language Portfolio: guide for developers. Strasbourg: Council of Europe.
  • Schärer, R. (2000). European Language Portfolio: final report on the pilot project. Strasbourg: Council of Europe.
  • Smith, R. (2002). Autonomy, context and appropriate methodology. In F. Vieira, M. A. Moreira, I. Barbosa and M. Paiva (Eds.) Pedagogy for autonomy and English learning: Proceedings of the 1st conference of the working group – Pedagogy for autonomy (1-16). Braga: University of Minho. http://www.warwick.ac.uk/go/richardcsmith/
  • Stephenson, J. and Laycock, M. (1993). Using Learner Contracts in Higher Education. London: Kogan Page.
  • Toogood, S. and Pemberton, R. (2002). Integrating self-access language learning into the curriculum. A case study. P. Benson and R. Pemberton (eds). Learner autonomy 7: Challenges to research and practice. Dublin: Authentik Limited.
  • Vosicki, B. F. (n.d). Piloting the European Language Portfolio in the Higher Education Sector: An ELC/CEL transnational Project. University of Lausanne: CH. http://www.fu-berlin.de/elc. (2008, May 19)
  • Yumuk, A. Ş. (2002). Letting Go of Control to the Learners: The Role of the Internet in Promoting a More Autonomous View of Learning in an Academic Translation Course. Educational Research, 44(2), 141-156.
There are 45 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Cem Balçıkanlı This is me

Publication Date September 1, 2008
Published in Issue Year 2008 Volume: 28 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Balçıkanlı, C. (2008). İngilizcenin Yabancı Dil Olarak Öğrenildiği Ortamlarda Öğrenen Özerkliği. Gazi Üniversitesi Gazi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 28(3), 1-16.
AMA Balçıkanlı C. İngilizcenin Yabancı Dil Olarak Öğrenildiği Ortamlarda Öğrenen Özerkliği. GEFAD. September 2008;28(3):1-16.
Chicago Balçıkanlı, Cem. “İngilizcenin Yabancı Dil Olarak Öğrenildiği Ortamlarda Öğrenen Özerkliği”. Gazi Üniversitesi Gazi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi 28, no. 3 (September 2008): 1-16.
EndNote Balçıkanlı C (September 1, 2008) İngilizcenin Yabancı Dil Olarak Öğrenildiği Ortamlarda Öğrenen Özerkliği. Gazi Üniversitesi Gazi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi 28 3 1–16.
IEEE C. Balçıkanlı, “İngilizcenin Yabancı Dil Olarak Öğrenildiği Ortamlarda Öğrenen Özerkliği”, GEFAD, vol. 28, no. 3, pp. 1–16, 2008.
ISNAD Balçıkanlı, Cem. “İngilizcenin Yabancı Dil Olarak Öğrenildiği Ortamlarda Öğrenen Özerkliği”. Gazi Üniversitesi Gazi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi 28/3 (September 2008), 1-16.
JAMA Balçıkanlı C. İngilizcenin Yabancı Dil Olarak Öğrenildiği Ortamlarda Öğrenen Özerkliği. GEFAD. 2008;28:1–16.
MLA Balçıkanlı, Cem. “İngilizcenin Yabancı Dil Olarak Öğrenildiği Ortamlarda Öğrenen Özerkliği”. Gazi Üniversitesi Gazi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, vol. 28, no. 3, 2008, pp. 1-16.
Vancouver Balçıkanlı C. İngilizcenin Yabancı Dil Olarak Öğrenildiği Ortamlarda Öğrenen Özerkliği. GEFAD. 2008;28(3):1-16.