Organizational Citizenship Behaviors: A Conceptual Analysis and Some Inferences for the Schools

Year 2005, Volume: 25 Issue: 1, 317 - 339, 01.03.2005

Ferudun Sezgin

Abstract

Organizational effectiveness depends on the quality of the human resources rather than the quantity of their financial sources. This case is also valid for the schools which have social and open system characteristics. For this reason, in recent years, one of the most widely studied topics in the field of organizational behavior and human resources is Organizational Citizenship Behaviors (OCBs). This concept refers to employees\' extra-role behaviors which are voluntary and extend beyond their formal job descriptions. There are five dimensions of OCBs: altruism, civic virtue, conscientiousness, courtesy, and sportsmanship. These dimensions contribute to individualistic and organizational performances. It is possible to say that there is a positive relationship between OCBs and job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and performance. OCBs may also make important contributions to schools by promoting the cooperation among teachers. The mainÖrgütsel vatandaşlık davranışları ÖVD , formal iş tanımı, örgütsel etkililik, rol fazlası davranış, okul.Organizational citizenship behaviors OCBs , formal job description, organizational effectiveness, extra role behavior, school. Tam Metin

Keywords

Organizational citizenship behaviors OCBs , formal job description, organizational effectiveness, extra role behavior, school.

Örgütsel Vatandaşlık Davranışları: Kavramsal Bir Çözümleme ve Okul Açısından Bazı Çıkarımlar

Abstract

Örgütsel etkililik, örgütlerin maddi kaynaklarının çokluğundan ziyade, insan kaynaklarının niteliğine bağlıdır. Bu olgu, sosyal ve açık sistem özellikleri gösteren okullar açısından da geçerlidir. Bu nedenle, son yıllarda, örgütsel davranış ve insan kaynakları alanında en yaygın çalışılan konulardan biri, ‘Örgütsel Vatandaşlık Davranışları\'dır (ÖVD). Bu kavram, işgörenlerin formal iş tanımlarının ötesindeki gönüllü olarak yaptıkları ekstra rol davranışlarını ifade eder. ÖVD\'nin beş boyutu vardır: özgecilik, sivil erdem, vicdanlılık, nezaket ve sportmenlik. Bu boyutlar, bireysel ve örgütsel performansa katkıda bulunur. İş doyumu, örgütsel bağlılık ve performans ile ÖVD arasında pozitif bir ilişkinin olduğunu söylemek mümkündür. Aynı zamanda, ÖVD, öğretmenler araOrganizational effectiveness depends on the quality of the human resources rather than the quantity of their financial sources. This case is also valid for the schools which have social and open system characteristics. For this reason, in recent years, one of the most widely studied topics in the field of organizational behavior and human resources is Organizational Citizenship Behaviors (OCBs). This concept refers to employees\' extra-role behaviors which are voluntary and extend beyond their formal job descriptions. There are five dimensions of OCBs: altruism, civic virtue, conscientiousness, courtesy, and sportsmanship. These dimensions contribute to individualistic and organizational performances. It is possible to say that there is a positive relationship between OCBs and job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and performance. OCBs may also make important contributions to schools by promoting the cooperation among teachers. The mainÖrgütsel vatandaşlık davranışları ÖVD , formal iş tanımı, örgütsel etkililik, rol fazlası davranış, okul.Organizational citizenship behaviors OCBs , formal job description, organizational effectiveness, extra role behavior, school. Tam Metin

Keywords

Örgütsel vatandaşlık davranışları ÖVD , formal iş tanımı, örgütsel etkililik, rol fazlası davranış, okul.

References

• Acquaah, M. (2004). Human Factor Theory, Organizational Citizenship Behaviors and Human Resources Management Practices: An Integration of Theoretical Constructs and Suggestions for Measuring the Human Factor. Review of Human Factor Studies Special Edition, 10(1), 118-151.
• Allison, B. J.; Voss, R. S. ve Dryer, S. (2001). Student Classroom and Career Success: The Role of Organizational Citizenship Behavior. Journal of Education for Business, p.282-288, May/June 2001.
• Altunkese, T. N. (2002). Psikolojik İklim, Örgüte Adama ve Örgütsel Vatandaşlık Davranışı Arasındaki İlişki Üzerine Bir Araştırma. Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Osmangazi Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.
• Balcı, A. (2002). Etkili Okul. Okul Geliştirme. Kuram, Uygulama ve Araştırma. Üçüncü Baskı. Ankara: Pegem A Yayıncılık.
• Banyan, M. E. (2004). Wiring Organizations for Community Governance: Characteristics of High Organizational Citizenship. Administrative Theory & Praxis, 26(3), 325-344.
• Blakely, G. L.; Andrews, M. C. ve Fuller, J. (2003). Are Chameleons Good Citizens? A Longitudinal Study of The Relationship Between Self-Monitoring and Organizational Citizenship Behavior. Journal of Business & Psychology, 18(2), 131-144.
• Bursalıoğlu, Z. (1999). Okul Yönetiminde Yeni Yapı ve Davranış. Onbirinci Basım. Ankara: Pegem A Yayıncılık.
• Cable, D. M. (1995). The Role of Person-Organization Fit in Organizational Entry. Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation. Cornell University.
• Çınar, F. (2000). Organizasyonel Yurttaşlık Davranışı ve Bir Uygulama. Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Uludağ Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.
• Deluga, R. J. (1994). Supervisor Trust Building, Leader-Member Exchange and Organizational Citizenship Behaviour. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, (67), 315-326.
• Feather, N. T. ve Rauter, K. A. (2004). Organizational Citizenship Behaviours in Relation to Job Status, Job Insecurity, Organizational Commitment and Identification, Job Satisfaction and Work Values. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, (77), 81-94.
• Finegan, J. E. (2000). The Impact of Person and Organizational Values on Organizational Commitment. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 73(2), 149-169.
• Finkelstein, M. A. ve Penner, L. A. (2004). Predicting Organizational Citizenship Behavior: Integrating the Functional and Role Identity Approaches. Social Behavior and Personality, 32(4), 383-398.
• Fok, L. Y.; Hartman, S. J.; Patti, A. L. ve Razek, J. R. (1999). The Relationships Between Equity Sensitivity, Growth Need Strength, Organizational Citizenship Behavior, and Perceived Outcomes in the Quality Environment: A Study of Accounting Professionals. Journal of Social Behavior and Personality, 15(1), 99-120.
• Gibson, J. L.; Ivancevich, J. M.; Donnelly, J. H. ve Konopaske, R. (2003). Organizations: Behavior, Structure, Processes. Eleventh Edition. New York: McGraw Hill/Irwin.
• Goodman, S. A. ve Svyantek, D. J. (1999). Person-Organization Fit and Contextual Performance: Do Shared Values Matter. Journal of Vocational Behavior, (55), 254-275.
• Hunt, S. T. (2002). On the Virtues of Staying ‘Inside of the Box’: Does Organizational Citizenship Behavior Detract from Performance in Taylorist Jobs? International Journal of Selection and Assessment, 10(1-2), 152-159, Marc/June 2002.
• Kamer, M. (2001). Örgütsel Güven, Örgütsel Bağlılık ve Örgütsel Vatandaşlık Davranışlarına Etkileri. Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Marmara Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.
• Karip, E. ve Köksal, K. (1996). Etkili Eğitim Sistemlerinin Geliştirilmesi. Kuram ve Uygulamada Eğitim Yönetimi. Yıl: 2, Sayı: 2, Sayfa: 245-257.
• Kaskel, R. J. (2000). Value Congruence and Satisfaction. Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation. The California School of Professional Psychology at Alameda.
• Kelloway, E. K.; Loughlin, C.; Barling, J. ve Nault, A. (2002). Self-Reported Counterproductive Behaviors and Organizational Citizenship Behaviors: Separate but Related Constructs. International Journal of Selection and Assessment, 10(1-2), March/June, 2002, 143-151.
• Kozakçıoğlu, R. (2002). Relationship of Organizational Commitment and Work Rewards with Organizational Citizenship Behavior. Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Marmara Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.
• Lievens, F. ve Anseel, F. (2004). Confirmatory Factor Analysis and Invariance of an Organizatinol Citizenship Behaviour Measure Across Samples in a Dutch- Speaking Context. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, (77), 299-306.
• McDonald, P. R. (1993). Individual-Organizational Value Congruence: Operationalization and Consequents. Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation. London, Ontario: The University of Western Ontario.
• Miles, D. E.; Borman, W. E.; Spector, P. E. ve Fox, S. (2002). Building an Integrative Model of Extra Role Work Behaviors: A Comparison of Counterproductive Work Behavior with Organizational Citizenship Behavior. International Journal of Selection and Assessment, 10(1-2), March/June, 2002, 51-57.
• Morgan, G. (1998). Yönetim ve Örgüt Teorilerinde Metafor. (Çeviren: Gündüz Bulut). İstanbul: MESS Yayınları.
• Organ, D. W. (1997). Organizational Citizenship Behavior: It’s Construct Clean-Up Time. Human Performance, 10(2), 85-97.
• Organ, D. W. ve Lingl, A. (1995). Personality, Satisfaction, and Organizational Citizenship Behavior. The Journal of Social Psychology, 135(3), 339-350.
• Ölçüm-Çetin, M. (2004). Örgütsel Vatandaşlık Davranışı. Ankara: Nobel Yayın Dağıtım.
• Özdemir, S.; Yalın, H. İ. ve Sezgin, F. (2004). Öğretmenlik Mesleğine Giriş. Yenilenmiş Beşinci Baskı. Ankara: Nobel Yayın Dağıtım.
• Özen-İşbaşı, J. (2000). Çalışanların Yöneticilerine Duydukları Güvenin ve Örgütsel Adalete İlişkin Algılamalarının Örgütsel Vatandaşlık Davranışının Oluşumundaki Rolü: Bir Turizm Örgütünde Uygulama. Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Akdeniz Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.
• Parsons, J. G. (1999). The Relationship of Values to Performance: A Case Study of The Washington State Criminal Justice Training Commission. Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation. Oklahoma: University of Central Oklahoma.
• Penner, L. A.; Midili, A. R. ve Kegelmeyer, J. (1997). Beyond Job Attitudes: A Personality and Social Psychology Perspective on the Causes of Organizational Citizenship Behavior. Human Performance, 10(2), 111-131.
• Podsakoff, P. M. ve MacKenzie, S. B. (1997). Impact of Organizational Citizenship Behavior on Organizational Performance: A Review and Suggestions for Future Research. Human Performance, 10(2), 133-151.
• Pohlman, R. A. ve Gardiner, G. S. (2000). Value Driven Management. How to Create and Maximize Value Over Time for Organizational Success. New York: AMACOM.
• Robbins, S. P. (1990). Organization Theory. Structure, Design, and Applications. Third Edition. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall International Editions.
• Sabuncuoğlu, Z. ve Tüz, M. (1998). Örgütsel Psikoloji. Bursa: ALFA Basım Yayım Dağıtım.
• Schein, E. H. (1992). Organizational Culture and Leadership. Second Edition. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass Publishers.
• Schnake, M. E. ve Dumler, M. P. (2003). Levels of Measurement and Analysis Issues in Organizational Citizenship Behaviour Research. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, (76), 283-301.
• Seferoğlu, S. S. (2003, Mayıs). Öğretmenlerin Hizmetiçi Eğitiminde Yeni Yaklaşımlar. Eğitimde Yansımalar: VII. Çağdaş Eğitim Sistemlerinde Öğretmen Yetiştirme Ulusal Sempozyumunda sunulmuş bildiri, Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi Kültür Merkezi, Sivas.
• Smadi, S. M. (2001). Yabancı Çalışanların Uyumu ve Örgütsel Vatandaşlık Davranışları: Bir Yüksek Eğitim Kurumunun İncelenmesi. Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi. Marmara Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.
• Somech, A. ve Drach-Zahavy, A. (2004). Exploring Organizational Citizenship Behaviour from an Organizational Perspective: The Relationship Between Organizational Learning and Organizational Citizenship Behaviour. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, (77), 281-298.
• Şişman, M. (2002). Örgütler ve Kültürler. Ankara: Pegem A Yayıncılık.
• Turnipseed, D. ve Murkison, G. (2000). Good Soldiers and Their Syndrome: Organizational Citizenship Behavior and The Work Environment. North American Journal of Psychology, 2(2), 281-302.
• Vey, M. A. ve Campbell, J. P. (2004). In-Role or Extra-Rol Organizational Citizenship Behavior: Which Are We Measuring? Human Performance, 17(1), 119-135.
• Wagner, S. L. ve Rush, M. C. (2000). Altruistic Organizational Citizenship Behavior: Context, Disposition, and Age. The Journal of Social Psychology, 140(3), 379-391.
• Williams, S.; Pitre, R. ve Zainuba, M. (2002). Justice and Organizational Citizenship Behavior Intentions: Fair Rewards Versus Fair Treatment. The Journal of Social Psychology, 142(1), 33-44.