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Dejenere (Eski) Schwannomlar: Olağandışı Yerleşimlerin Çözülmesi ve Tedavi Yönetimi

Year 2024, , 195 - 200, 30.04.2024
https://doi.org/10.54005/geneltip.1350844

Abstract

Amaç: Periferik sinir kılıflarındaki Schwann hücrelerinden kaynaklanan Schwannomlar, çeşitli klinik belirtiler ve öngörülemeyen davranışlar sergilerler. Bunlar arasında, belirgin dejeneratif özelliklere sahip olan eski schwannomlar atipik lokasyonlarda bulunur ve tanısal zorluklar oluşturur. Bu çalışma, bunların benzersiz özelliklerini ve tanı ve yönetim için etkilerini araştırmaktadır.
Gereç ve Yöntemler: Çalışma, paraspinal, presakral, sakral veya para-aortik tümör tanısı konan ve histolojik olarak antik schwannom olduğu doğrulanan ≥18 yaşındaki 7 yetişkin hastanın retrospektif analizi olarak tasarlanmıştır. Analiz için veriler, Nisan 2017 ile Aralık 2022 tarihleri arasında Ankara Şehir Hastanesinde tedavi ve takip edilen hastalardan toplanmıştır. Çalışmaya dahil edilmeden önce etik onay ve bilgilendirilmiş onam alınmıştır.
Bulgular: En sık görülen semptomlar lokal bir kitlenin varlığı (%71,4) ve lokalize veya yayılan ağrı (%57,1) idi. Özellikle, 1 hastaya (%14,2) değerlendirme sürecinde tesadüfen tanı konuldu. Cerrahi müdahale bu tümörlerin yönetiminde önemli bir rol oynamış, hastaların %71,4'üne tam rezeksiyon, %28,5'ine ise subtotal rezeksiyon uygulanmıştır. Vakaların %42,8'inde tümör nüksü meydana gelmiş ve bu da tedavi stratejisinin bir parçası olarak radyoterapi uygulanmasını gerektirmiştir. Görüntüleme bulguları, özellikle de MRG, eski schwannomların doğru tanımlanmasında çok önemli bir rol oynamıştır. Bu tümörler T1 ağırlıklı görüntülerde izointensite ve T2 ağırlıklı görüntülerde heterojen hiperintensite ve belirgin heterojen kontrast artışı göstermiştir.
Sonuç: Antik schwannomlar benzersiz histolojik özellikler ve ayırt edici MRG özellikleri sergileyerek diğer sinir kılıfı tümörlerinden ayrılırlar. Erken tanı ve tam cerrahi rezeksiyon olumlu sonuçlar sağlamaktadır. Bu antitenin farkında olmak, periferik sinir kılıfı tümörlerini etkili bir şekilde yönetmek için gereklidir.

References

  • Helbing DL, Schulz A, Morrison H. Pathomechanisms in schwannoma development and progression. Oncogene. 2020 Aug;39(32):5421–9.
  • Alotaiby F. Ancient Schwannoma: Case Report of an Unusual Entity in an Unusual Oral Location. Am J Case Rep. 2022 Dec 23;23:e938335.
  • Ribeiro da Cunha P, Alves JL, Rocha A. Supra and infratentorial ectopic schwannoma mimicking a meningioma. BMJ Case Rep. 2017 Jan 17;2017:bcr2016216566.
  • Röhrich M, Koelsche C, Schrimpf D, Capper D, Sahm F, Kratz A, et al. Methylation-based classification of benign and malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors. Acta Neuropathol (Berl). 2016 Jun;131(6):877–87.
  • Nakarai H, Kato S, Yamato Y, Kodama H, Ohba Y, Sasaki K, et al. Quality of Life and Postoperative Satisfaction in Patients with Benign Extramedullary Spinal Tumors: A Multicenter Study. Spine. 2023 Jul 6;
  • Lee SK, Kim JY, Lee YS, Jeong HS. Intramuscular peripheral nerve sheath tumors: schwannoma, ancient schwannoma, and neurofibroma. Skeletal Radiol. 2020 Jun;49(6):967–75.
  • Ratnagiri R, Mallikarjun S. Retroperitoneal ancient schwannoma: two cases and review of literature. J Cancer Res Ther. 2014;10(2):368–70.
  • Rodriguez FJ, Folpe AL, Giannini C, Perry A. Pathology of Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumors: Diagnostic Overview and Update on Selected Diagnostic Problems. Acta Neuropathol (Berl). 2012 Mar;123(3):295–319.
  • Gakuhara A, Miyazaki Y, Kurokawa Y, Takahashi T, Yamasaki M, Makino T, et al. Laparoscopic distal gastrectomy for gastric cancer with simultaneous resection of para-aortic schwannoma. Asian J Endosc Surg. 2020 Jan;13(1):95–8.
  • Antonopoulos C, Lilimpakis C, Karagianni M, Daskalopoulou D, Kyriakou T, Vagianos C. Ancient schwannoma of lumbar spine and review of the literature on paraspinal tumors, the role of preoperative biopsy: a case report. Cases J. 2009 Dec 15;2:9325.
  • Schindler OS, Dixon JH, Case P. Retroperitoneal giant schwannomas: report on two cases and review of the literature. J Orthop Surg Hong Kong. 2002 Jun;10(1):77–84.
  • Ackerman LV, Taylor FH. Neurogenous tumors within the thorax; a clinicopathological evaluation of forty-eight cases. Cancer. 1951 Jul;4(4):669–91.
  • Canella C, Costa F, Klumb E, Aymoré IL, Marchiori E. Ancient schwannoma. Arthritis Rheum. 2013 Aug;65(8):2036.

Degenerated (Ancient) Schwannomas: Unraveling Unusual Locations and Treatment Management

Year 2024, , 195 - 200, 30.04.2024
https://doi.org/10.54005/geneltip.1350844

Abstract

Background/Aims:Schwannomas, originating from Schwann cells in peripheral nerve sheaths, exhibit diverse clinical manifestations and unpredictable behavior. Among them, ancient schwannomas, with distinctive degenerative features, present in atypical locations and pose diagnostic challenges. This study explores their unique characteristics and implications for diagnosis and management.
Material and Methods: The study was designed as a retrospective analysis of 7 adult patients aged ≥18 years, diagnosed with paraspinal, presacral, sacral, or para-aortic tumors, all confirmed histologically as ancient schwannomas. Data for analysis were collected from patients treated and followed up at Ankara City Hospital between April 2017 and December 2022. Ethical approval and informed consent were obtained before inclusion in the study.
Results: The most common symptoms included the presence of a local lump (71,4%) and localized or radiating pain (57,1%). Notably, 1 patient (14,2%) was incidentally diagnosed during the evaluation process. Surgical intervention played a crucial role in the management of these tumors, with 71,4% of patients undergoing complete resection, while 28,5% underwent subtotal resection. Tumor recurrence occurred in 42,8% of cases, prompting the administration of radiotherapy as part of the treatment strategy. Imaging findings, particularly on MRI, played a crucial role in the accurate identification of ancient schwannomas. These tumors displayed isointensity on T1-weighted images and heterogeneous hyperintensity on T2-weighted images, along with distinctive heterogeneous contrast enhancement.
Conclusion: Ancient schwannomas exhibit unique histological features and distinctive MRI characteristics, differentiating them from other nerve sheath tumors. Early diagnosis and complete surgical resection offer favorable outcomes. Awareness of this entity is essential for managing peripheral nerve sheath tumors effectively.

References

  • Helbing DL, Schulz A, Morrison H. Pathomechanisms in schwannoma development and progression. Oncogene. 2020 Aug;39(32):5421–9.
  • Alotaiby F. Ancient Schwannoma: Case Report of an Unusual Entity in an Unusual Oral Location. Am J Case Rep. 2022 Dec 23;23:e938335.
  • Ribeiro da Cunha P, Alves JL, Rocha A. Supra and infratentorial ectopic schwannoma mimicking a meningioma. BMJ Case Rep. 2017 Jan 17;2017:bcr2016216566.
  • Röhrich M, Koelsche C, Schrimpf D, Capper D, Sahm F, Kratz A, et al. Methylation-based classification of benign and malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors. Acta Neuropathol (Berl). 2016 Jun;131(6):877–87.
  • Nakarai H, Kato S, Yamato Y, Kodama H, Ohba Y, Sasaki K, et al. Quality of Life and Postoperative Satisfaction in Patients with Benign Extramedullary Spinal Tumors: A Multicenter Study. Spine. 2023 Jul 6;
  • Lee SK, Kim JY, Lee YS, Jeong HS. Intramuscular peripheral nerve sheath tumors: schwannoma, ancient schwannoma, and neurofibroma. Skeletal Radiol. 2020 Jun;49(6):967–75.
  • Ratnagiri R, Mallikarjun S. Retroperitoneal ancient schwannoma: two cases and review of literature. J Cancer Res Ther. 2014;10(2):368–70.
  • Rodriguez FJ, Folpe AL, Giannini C, Perry A. Pathology of Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumors: Diagnostic Overview and Update on Selected Diagnostic Problems. Acta Neuropathol (Berl). 2012 Mar;123(3):295–319.
  • Gakuhara A, Miyazaki Y, Kurokawa Y, Takahashi T, Yamasaki M, Makino T, et al. Laparoscopic distal gastrectomy for gastric cancer with simultaneous resection of para-aortic schwannoma. Asian J Endosc Surg. 2020 Jan;13(1):95–8.
  • Antonopoulos C, Lilimpakis C, Karagianni M, Daskalopoulou D, Kyriakou T, Vagianos C. Ancient schwannoma of lumbar spine and review of the literature on paraspinal tumors, the role of preoperative biopsy: a case report. Cases J. 2009 Dec 15;2:9325.
  • Schindler OS, Dixon JH, Case P. Retroperitoneal giant schwannomas: report on two cases and review of the literature. J Orthop Surg Hong Kong. 2002 Jun;10(1):77–84.
  • Ackerman LV, Taylor FH. Neurogenous tumors within the thorax; a clinicopathological evaluation of forty-eight cases. Cancer. 1951 Jul;4(4):669–91.
  • Canella C, Costa F, Klumb E, Aymoré IL, Marchiori E. Ancient schwannoma. Arthritis Rheum. 2013 Aug;65(8):2036.
There are 13 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Pathology, Clinical Sciences (Other)
Journal Section Original Article
Authors

Goksal Gunerhan 0000-0001-6255-8315

Emin Çağıl 0000-0003-1376-4053

Yigit Can Senol 0000-0002-6669-6616

Zeynep Dağlar 0000-0001-5144-9666

Egemen Işıtan 0000-0003-1993-050X

Bekir Tunç 0000-0002-1941-0515

Servet Güreşci 0000-0003-2243-0901

Ali Dalgıç 0000-0003-1000-2811

Early Pub Date April 27, 2024
Publication Date April 30, 2024
Submission Date August 28, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2024

Cite

Vancouver Gunerhan G, Çağıl E, Senol YC, Dağlar Z, Işıtan E, Tunç B, Güreşci S, Dalgıç A. Degenerated (Ancient) Schwannomas: Unraveling Unusual Locations and Treatment Management. Genel Tıp Derg. 2024;34(2):195-200.