Effects of Physical Activity Level and Sedentary Behavior on the Musculoskeletal System in Young Adults

Year 2024, , 637 - 649, 31.10.2024

Hilal Telli , Filiz Özel Çakır

https://doi.org/10.54005/geneltip.1424221

Abstract

Aim: The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between the level of physical activity and sedentary behavior in young adults aged 18-35 and to evaluate the effects of this relationship on musculoskeletal pain, posture, muscle shortness, and trunk muscle endurance.
Methods: In this cross-sectional descriptive study, conducted at the Faculty of Health Sciences of a university between March 2018 and August 2018, 219 students were included. Data were obtained by using the case report form which determines the demographic characteristics and sedentary behavior of the students, The International Physical Activity Index - short form, posture analysis form, muscle shortness evaluation form, and trunk muscle endurance evaluation form.
Results: In the study, 66.2% of patients were female and 33.8% were male. In the evaluation of physical activity level, the ratio of highly active individuals in males, and inactive and insufficiently active individuals in females was significantly higher (p <0.05). Musculoskeletal pain was significantly higher in inactive and insufficiently active individuals (p<0.001). A negative correlation existed between physical activity level and pain frequency, duration, and scores (p<0.001). There was a positive correlation between trunk endurance tests and physical activity and exercise participation. Non-exercisers showed shortening of lumbar extensor muscles and gastrosoleus, with increased thoracic kyphosis (p<0.05). Daily sitting time correlated positively with elbow, wrist, and knee pain, and lumbar lordosis (p<0.05). Those spending more time at the computer experienced higher levels of head-neck and elbow pain, pain duration, muscle shortness, thoracic kyphosis, shoulder protraction, and anterior head tilt (p<0.05).
Conclusion: In young adults, increasing physical activity and reducing daily sitting time are necessary to prevent musculoskeletal pain and reduce postural deformities.
Keywords: Musculoskeletal diseases, musculoskeletal pain, physical exertion, posture, sedentary behavior, trunk muscular endurance, young adult.

Keywords

Musculoskeletal diseases, musculoskeletal pain, physical exertion, posture, sedentary behavior, trunk muscular endurance, young adult

Ethical Statement

The research was approved by an ethics committee (Non-interventional Clinical Researches Ethics Committee of a University, decision no 13948 dated 09/10/2018).

Genç Erişkinlerde Fiziksel Aktivite Düzeyi ve Sedanter Davranişin Kas İskelet Sistemi Üzerindeki Etkileri

Abstract

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı 18-35 yaş arası genç erişkinlerde fiziksel aktivite düzeyi ile sedanter davranış arasındaki ilişkiyi araştırmak ve bu ilişkinin kas-iskelet sistemi ağrısı, postür, kas kısalığı ve gövde kas dayanıklılığı üzerine etkilerini değerlendirmektir.
Yöntemler: Bir üniversitenin Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi'nde Mart 2018 ile Ağustos 2018 tarihleri arasında gerçekleştirilen bu kesitsel tanımlayıcı çalışmaya 219 öğrenci dahil edildi. Veriler, öğrencilerin demografik özelliklerini ve sedanter davranışlarını belirleyen vaka bildirim formu, Uluslararası Fiziksel Aktivite İndeksi-kısa formu, duruş analiz formu, kas kısalığı değerlendirme formu ve gövde kas dayanıklılığı değerlendirme formu kullanılarak elde edildi.
Bulgular: Araştırmada hastaların %66,2'si kadın, %33,8'i erkekti. Fiziksel aktivite düzeyi değerlendirmesinde erkeklerde çok aktif olanların oranı, kadınlarda ise inaktif ve yetersiz aktif olanların oranı anlamlı derecede yüksekti (p<0,05). Kas-iskelet ağrısı, inaktif ve yetersiz aktif bireylerde anlamlı olarak daha yüksekti (p<0,001). Fiziksel aktivite seviyesi ile ağrı sıklığı, süresi ve skorları arasında negatif bir korelasyon vardı (p<0,001). Gövde dayanıklılık testleri ile fiziksel aktivite ve egzersiz katılımı arasında pozitif bir korelasyon vardı. Egzersiz yapmayanlarda lomber ekstansör kaslar ve gastrosoleus kısalırken, torasik kifoz arttı (p<0,05). Günlük oturma süresi dirsek, bilek ve diz ağrısı ve lomber lordoz ile pozitif korelasyon gösterdi (p<0,05). Bilgisayar başında daha fazla zaman geçirenlerde baş-boyun ve dirsek ağrısı, ağrı süresi, kas kısalığı, torasik kifoz, omuz protraksiyonu ve başın öne eğilmesi daha yüksek oranda görüldü (p<0,05).
Sonuç: Genç erişkinlerde kas-iskelet ağrılarının önlenmesi ve postüral deformitelerin azaltılması için fiziksel aktivitenin artırılması ve günlük oturma süresinin azaltılması gereklidir.

Keywords

Kas-iskelet sistemi hastalıkları, kas-iskelet sistemi ağrıları, fiziksel efor, duruş, sedanter davranış, gövde kas dayanıklılığı, genç erişkin

References

• Erol S. The relationship between physical activity levels and insomnia of university students and their psychological well-being. J Psychiatric Nurs 2020;11(3):201-211. https://doi.org/10.14744/phd.2020.46547
• Dumith SC, Gigante DP, Domingues MR, Kohl HW. Physical activity change during adolescence: a systematic review and a pooled analysis. Int J Epidemiol. 2011;40(3):685–698. https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyq272
• Celis-Morales CA, Perez-Bravo F, Ibañez L, Salas C, Bailey MES, Gill JMR. Objective vs. self-reported physical activity and sedentary time: effects of measurement method on relationships with risk biomarkers. PloS One. 2012;7(5):e36345. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0036345
• Bull FC, Al-Ansari SS, Biddle S, Borodulin K, Buman MP, Cardon G, et al. World Health Organization 2020 guidelines on physical activity and sedentary behaviour. Br J Sports Med. 2020;54(24):1451–1462. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2020-102955
• Romero-Blanco C, Rodríguez-Almagro J, Onieva-Zafra MD, Parra-Fernández ML, Prado-Laguna MDC, Hernández-Martínez A. Physical Activity and Sedentary Lifestyle in University Students: Changes during Confinement Due to the COVID-19 Pandemic. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(18):6567. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17186567
• Tremblay MS, Aubert S, Barnes JD, Saunders TJ, Carson V, Latimer-Cheung AE, et al. Sedentary Behavior Research Network (SBRN) – Terminology Consensus Project process and outcome. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2017;14(1):75. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12966-017-0525-8.
• Carson V, Hunter S, Kuzik N, Gray CE, Poitras VJ, Chaput JP, et al. Systematic review of sedentary behaviour and health indicators in school-aged children and youth: an update. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2016;41(6):240–265. https://doi.org/10.1139/apnm-2015-0630
• Haseler T, Haseler C. Lack of physical activity is a global problem. BMJ. 2022;376:o348. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.o348
• Woolf AD, Pfleger B. Burden of major musculoskeletal conditions. Bull World Health Organ. 2003;81(9):646-656.
• Gardner B, Smith L, Lorencatto F, Hamer M, Biddle SJ. How to reduce sitting time? A review of behaviour change strategies used in sedentary behaviour reduction interventions among adults. Health Psychol Rev. 2016;10(1):89–112. https://doi.org/10.1080/17437199.2015.1082146
• Faiz KW. VAS--visuell analog skala [VAS--visual analog scale]. Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen. 2014 Feb 11;134(3):323. Norwegian. https://doi.org/10.4045/tidsskr.13.1145
• Lee PH, Macfarlane DJ, Lam T, Stewart SM. Validity of the international physical activity questionnaire short form (IPAQ-SF): A systematic review. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2011;8(1):115. https://doi.org/10.1186/1479-5868-8-115
• Piercy KL, Troiano RP, Ballard RM, Carlson SA, Fulton JE, Galuska DA, et al. The Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans. JAMA. 2018;320(19):2020–2028. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2018.14854
• Süt N. Klinik araştırmalarda örneklem sayısının belirlenmesi ve güç (power) analizi. J Turk Soc Rheumatol 2011;3(2):29-33. https://doi.org/10.2399/raed.11.005
• Tucker P, Irwin JD, Gilliland J, He M, Larsen K, Hess P. Environmental influences on physical activity levels in youth. Health Place. 2009;15(1):357–363. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthplace.2008.07.001
• Erdoğan B, Revan S. Üniversite Öğrencilerinin Fiziksel Aktivite Düzeylerinin Belirlenmesi. Kilis 7 Aralık Üniversitesi Beden Eğitimi Ve Spor Bilim Derg. 2019;3(2):1–7. In Turkish
• Marijančić V, Grubić Kezele T, Peharec S, Dragaš-Zubalj N, Pavičić Žeželj S, Starčević-Klasan G. Relationship between Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior, Spinal Curvatures, Endurance and Balance of the Trunk Muscles-Extended Physical Health Analysis in Young Adults. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2023;20(20):6938. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20206938
• Castro O, Bennie J, Vergeer I, Bosselut G, Biddle SJH. Correlates of sedentary behaviour in university students: A systematic review. Prev Med. 2018;116:194–202. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2018.09.016
• Mansoubi M, Pearson N, Biddle SJH, Clemes S. The relationship between sedentary behaviour and physical activity in adults: A systematic review. Prev Med. 2014;69:28–35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2014.08.028
• You HW, Tan PL, Mat Ludin AF. The relationship between physical activity, body mass index and body composition among students at a pre-university centre in Malaysia. IIUM Med J Malaysia. 19(2). https://doi.org/10.31436/imjm.v.202019i2.1567
• Stommen NC, Verbunt JA, Gorter SL, Goossens ME. Physical activity and disability among adolescents and young adults with non-specific musculoskeletal pain. Disabil Rehabil. 2012;34(17):1438–1443. https://doi.org/10.3109/09638288.2011.645112
• Long AC, Palermo TM, Manees AM. Brief Report: Using Actigraphy to Compare Physical Activity Levels in Adolescents with Chronic Pain and Healthy Adolescents. J Pediatr Psychol. 2008;33(6):660–665. https://doi.org/10.1093/jpepsy/jsm136
• Topalis C, Grauers A, Diarbakerli E, Danielsson A, Gerdhem P. Neck and back problems in adults with idiopathic scoliosis diagnosed in youth: an observational study of prevalence, change over a mean four year time period and comparison with a control group. Scoliosis Spinal Disord. 2017;12:20. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13013-017-0125-z
• Dean E, Söderlund A. What is the role of lifestyle behaviour change associated with non-communicable disease risk in managing musculoskeletal health conditions with special reference to chronic pain? BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2015;16(1):87. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12891-015-0545-y
• Taşpınar F, Taşpınar B, Aksoy CC. Fizyoterapi ve rehabilitasyon öğrencilerinde kas iskelet sistemi rahatsızlıklarının incelenmesi. JETR. 2016;1(2):55-60. In Turkish
• Xie Y, Szeto G, Dai J. Prevalence and risk factors associated with musculoskeletal complaints among users of mobile handheld devices: A systematic review. Appl Ergon. 2017;59:132–142. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.apergo.2016.08.020
• Strand SL, Hjelm J, Shoepe TC, Fajardo MA. Norms for an isometric muscle endurance test. J Hum Kinet. 2014 Mar 27;40:93–102. https://doi.org/10.2478/hukin-2014-0011
• Oliveira IO de, Pilz B, Santos RLG, Vasconcelos RA, Mello W, Grossi DB. Reference values and reliability for lumbopelvic strength and endurance in asymptomatic subjects. Braz J Phys Ther. 2018;22(1):33–41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjpt.2017.09.008
• Keklik SS, Akbaş AN, Çobanoğlu G. Comparison of Core Muscle Endurance, Balance, Posture, Trunk Proprioception, and Physical Activity Level in Healthy Individuals by Gender. FORBES J Med. 2023;4(1):37–44. https://doi.org/10.4274/forbes.galenos.2022.16056
• Laekeman M, Schäfer A, Moog ME, Kuss K. Recommendations for a Pediatric Pain Education Curriculum for Physical and Occupational Therapists: Scoping Review and Survey. Children (Basel). 2021;8(5):390. https://doi.org/10.3390/children8050390
• Asadi-Melerdi S, Rajabi-Shamli E, Sheikhhoseini R, Piri H. Association of Upper Quarter Posture with Depression, Anxiety, and Level of Physical Activity in Sixth Grade Elementary School Students of Karaj City, Iran. Int J Sch Health. 2020;7(1):48-55. https://doi.org/10.30476/intjsh.2020.85300.1052
• Sarvari S, Rahimzadeh M, Mokari Saei S, Salehian MH. Do the Adolescents’ Physical Activity and Screen Time during the COVID-19 Quarantine correlate to their Upper Extremity Abnormalities and Anxiety? Int J Pediatr. 2022;10(3):15567–15576. https://doi.org/10.22038/ijp.2022.62477.4779
• Rhodes RE, Mark RS, Temmel CP. Adult sedentary behavior: a systematic review. Am J Prev Med. 2012;42(3):e3-28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2011.10.020
• Greenberg BS, Sherry J, Lachlan K, Lucas K, Holmstrom A. Orientations to Video Games Among Gender and Age Groups. Simul Gaming. 2010 Apr 1;41(2):238–259. https://doi.org/10.1177/1046878108319930
• Musaiger AO, Awadhalla MS, Al-Mannai M, AlSawad M, Asokan GV. Dietary habits and sedentary behaviors among health science university students in Bahrain. Int J Adolesc Med Health. 2017;29(2):/j/ijamh.2017.29.issue-2/ijamh-2015-0038/ijamh-2015-0038.xml. https://doi.org/10.1515/ijamh-2015-0038
• Biddle SJH, García Bengoechea E, Pedisic Z, Bennie J, Vergeer I, Wiesner G. Screen Time, Other Sedentary Behaviours, and Obesity Risk in Adults: A Review of Reviews. Curr Obes Rep. 2017;6(2):134–147. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13679-017-0256-9
• Celik S, Celik K, Dirimese E, Taşdemir N, Arik T, Büyükkara İ. Determination of pain in musculoskeletal system reported by office workers and the pain risk factors. Int J Occup Med Environ Health. 2018;31(1):91-111. https://doi.org/10.13075/ijomeh.1896.00901
• Lee S, Park MH, Jeong BY. Gender differences in public office workers’ satisfaction, subjective symptoms and musculoskeletal complaints in workplace and office environments. Int J Occup Saf Ergon. 2018;24(2):165–170. https://doi.org/10.1080/10803548.2016.1272959
• Johnston V, Jull G, Souvlis T, Jimmieson NL. Neck movement and muscle activity characteristics in female office workers with neck pain. Spine. 2008;33(5):555–563. https://doi.org/10.1097/BRS.0b013e3181657d0d
• Szeto GPY, Straker LM, O’Sullivan PB. Neck-shoulder muscle activity in general and task-specific resting postures of symptomatic computer users with chronic neck pain. Man Ther. 2009;14(3):338–345. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.math.2008.05.001
• Sedrez JA, Rosa MIZ, Noll M, Medeiros FS, Candotti CT. Risk factors associated with structural postural changes in the spinal column of children and adolescents. Rev Paul Pediatr. 2015;33(1):72-81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rpped.2014.11.012
• Caneiro JP, O’Sullivan P, Burnett A, Barach A, O’Neil D, Tveit O, et al. The influence of different sitting postures on head/neck posture and muscle activity. Man Ther. 2010;15(1):54–60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.math.2009.06.002
• Yu JS, An DH. Differences in lumbar and pelvic angles and gluteal pressure in different sitting postures. J Phys Ther Sci. 2015;27(5):1333–1335. https://doi.org/10.1589/jpts.27.1333
• Barbosa Filho VC, Lopes A da S, Bozza R, Rech CR, de Campos W. Correlates of cardiorespiratory and muscular fitness among Brazilian adolescents. Am J Health Behav. 2014;38(1):42–52. https://doi.org/10.5993/AJHB.38.1.5
• Tucker JS, Martin S, Jackson AW, Morrow JR, Greenleaf CA, Petrie TA. Relations between sedentary behavior and FITNESSGRAM healthy fitness zone achievement and physical activity. J Phys Act Health. 2014;11(5):1006–1011. https://doi.org/10.1123/jpah.2011-0431