Microwave Ablation versus Combined Ethanol–Microwave Ablation in Symptomatic Benign Thyroid Nodules: A Single-Center Comparative Study
Abstract
Aim: To compare the efficacy and safety of ultrasound-guided microwave ablation (MWA) and combined ethanol plus microwave ablation (EA+MWA) in patients with symptomatic benign thyroid nodules.
Materials and Methods: This retrospective study included 24 patients (25 nodules) treated between January 2023 and January 2025. Patients with predominantly solid nodules underwent MWA (n = 18), while patients with nodules with prominent cystic components received EA+MWA (n = 6). Nodule volumes were calculated using the ellipsoid formula before and 6 months after the procedure, and the volume reduction ratio (VRR%) was determined.
Results: The mean VRR at 6 months was 62.15% ± 9.61 in the MWA group and 74.37% ± 14.27 in the EA+MWA group. Although higher in the EA+MWA group, the difference did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.094). Both groups demonstrated substantial volume reduction and were free from major complications. Transient hoarseness occurred in four patients.
Conclusion: Both MWA and EA+MWA are effective and safe for the treatment of symptomatic benign thyroid nodules. The combination of EA and MWA may provide greater volume reduction in nodules with prominent cystic components.
Keywords
Microwave ablation, Ethanol ablation, Benign thyroid nodule, Minimally invasive therapy, Ultrasound-guided intervention, Volume reduction ratio
Ethical Statement
Thanks
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