Gama Radyasyonun İndüklediği Nefrotoksiteye Karşılık Pycnogenolün Koruyucu Etkisi

Year 2020, Volume: 30 Issue: 3, 140 - 150, 01.09.2020

Fazile Cantürk Tan Arzu Hanım Yay Güler Toprak Oğuz Galip Yıldız

Abstract

Amaç: Gama radyasyonun indüklediği nefrotoksiteye karşı pycnogenolün radyasyon koruyucu ve antioksidan etkisi tek hücre düzeyinde, doku düzeyinde ve biyokimyasal parametreler kullanarak Wistar Albino cinsi erişkin erkek sıçanda araştırıldı. Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışma, kontrol grubu n=10 , antioksidan gruplar P37.5, P75, P150, P300, n= 10 , sadece radyasyon grubu y-ışını, n=10 ve antioksidan + radyasyon gruplar P37.5+y-ışını, P75+y-ışını, P150+y-ışını, P300+y-ışını, n= 10 olmak üzere 100 sıçanda yapıldı. Pycnogenol %5’lik DMSO’da çözdürüldü. Radyasyon Cobalt-60 teleterapi cihazıyla tek fraksiyon uygulandı. Kontrol ve radyasyon grubuna %5 DMSO, antioksidan ve antioksidan + radyasyon gruplar ışınlamadan önce 24, 48 ve 72. saatlerde pycnogenol verildi. Uygulamalardan yirmidört saat sonra, genel anesteziyle sıçanlar sakrifiye edilerek böbrekleri alındı. Böbrek dokusunda, DNA hasarı, histo-patolojik değerlendirme, CAT, SOD aktiviteleri ve MDA düzeyleri değerlendirildi. Bulgular: Radyasyon grubunda MDA düzeyinde artma, SOD ve CAT aktivitelerinde azalma; buna karşılık antioksidan + radyasyon grubunda MDA düzeyinde azalma, SOD ve CAT aktivitelerinde artma tespit edildi. Kontrole göre diğer gruplarda comet parametreleri artmış, bu parametreler antioksidan + radyasyon gruplarda radyasyon grubuna göre azalmıştı p

Keywords

Böbrek, radyasyon, antioksidan, pycnogenol

Protective effect of pycnogenol against gamma radiation-induced nephrotoxicity

Abstract

Objective: The radioprotective and antioxidant effect of pycnogenol against gamma radiation-induced nephrotoxicity was investigated at single cell level, tissue level and biochemical parameters in adult male Wistar Albino rats.Material and Methods: The study was included control group n=10 , antioxidant groups P37.5, P75, P150, P300, n= 10 , only radiation group y-ışını, n=10 and antioxidant + radiation groups P37.5+y-ışını, P75+y-ışını, P150+y-ışını, P300+y-ışını, n= 10 on 100 rats. Pycnogenol was dissolved in 5 % DMSO. Radiation was applied single fraction with Cobalt-60 teletherapy device. Control and radiation groups were received 5% DMSO. Antioxidant and antioxidant + radiation groups were received pycnogenol at 24, 48 and 72 hours before the irradiation. Twenty-four hours after the administration, the rats were sacrificed with general anesthesia and their kidneys were removed. DNA damage, histopathological evaluation, CAT, SOD activities and MDA levels were evaluated in renal tissue. Results: We were evaluated increased levels of MDA, decreased SOD and CAT activities in the radiation group; however, MDA level was decreased and increased SOD and CAT activities in the antioxidant + radiation group. Comet parameters were increased in the other groups compared to the control group and these parameters were decreased in the antioxidant + radiation groups compared to the radiation group p

Keywords

Kidney, radiation, antioxidant, pycnogenol

References

• Halperin EC, Perez CA, Brady LW. Perez and Brady's Prin- ciples and Practice of Radiation Oncology. Lippincott Wil- liams&Wilkins, 438.
• Perez CA, Brady LW. Principles and practice of radiation oncology (4nd ed). Lippincott Company, Philadelphia, 2004.
• Cox JD, Ang KK. Radiation Oncology Rational, Technique, Results (8th ed). Mosby, 2003.
• Bergstein J, Andreoli SP, Provisor AJ, et al. Radiation neph- ritis following total body irradiation and cyclophospha- mide in preparation for bone marrow transplantation. Transplantation 1986; 4: 63–6.
• Stewart FA. Radiation nephropathy after abdominal irradi- ation or total body irradiation. Radial Res 1995; 143: 235–7.
• Willett CG, Tepper JE, Orlow EL, et al. Renal complications secondary to radiation treatment of upper abdominal ma- lignances. Int. J Radiat Oneal BioI Phys 1986; 12: 1601–4.
• Dawson LA, Kavanagh BD, Paulıno AC, et al. Radiation-as- sociated kidney injury. Int J Radiation Oncology Biol Phys 2010; 76: 108–15.
• Şener G, Jahovic N, Tosun O, et al. Melatonin ameliorates ionizing radiation induced oxidative organ damage in rats. Life Sciences 2003; 74: 563–72.
• Özalpan A. Temel radyobiyoloji (1. Basım). Haliç Üniversi- tesi Yayınları, 2001.
• Sime S, Reeve EV. Protection from inflammation, immuno- suppression and carcinogenesis induced by UV radiation in mice by topical pycnogenol. Photochemistry and Photobi- ology 2004; 79: 193–8.
• Rohdewald P. A review of the French maritime pine bark extract (Pycnogenol), a herbal medication with a diverse clinical pharmacology. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther 2002; 40: 158–68.
• Chida M, Suzuki K, Nakanishi-Ueda T, et al. 1999. In vitro testing of antioxidants and biochemical end-point in bovi- ne retinal tissue. Ophthalmic Res 1999; 31: 407–15.
• Devaraj S, Vega-López S, Kaul N, et al. Supplementation with a pine bark extract rich in polyphenols increases plas- ma antioxidant capacity and alters the plasma lipoprotein profile. Lipids 2002; 37: 931–4.
• Packer L, Rimbach G, Virgili F. Antioxidant activity and bi- ologic properties of a procyanidin-rich extract from pine (Pinus maritima) bark, pycnogenol. Free Radic Biol Med 1999; 27: 704–24.
• Grimm T, Chovanová Z, Muchová J, et al. Inhibition of NF- kB activation and MMP-9 secretion by plasma of human volunteers after ingestion of maritime pine bark extract (Pycnogenol®). J Inflamm 2006; 3: 1–15.
• Verstraeten SV, Keen CL, Schmitz HH, et al. Flavan-3-ols and procyanidins protect liposomes against lipid oxidation and disruption of the bilayer structure. Free Radic Biol Med 2003; 34: 84–92.
• Kendra I, Marsiglio S, Shaw G, et al. Pycnogenol® and vita- min E inhibit ethanol-induced apoptosis in rat cerebellar granule cells. Inc J Neurobiol 2004; 59: 261–71.
• Kobayashi MS, Han D, Packer L. Antioxidants and herbal extracts protect HT-4 neuronal cells against glutamate-in- duced cytotoxicity. Free Radical Research 2000; 32: 115–24.
• Peng QL, Buz’Zard AR, Lau BH. Pycnogenol protects neurons from amyloid-beta peptide-induced apoptosis. Mol Brain Res 2002; 104: 55–65.
• Neal R, Matthew H R, Lutz P, et al. Antioxidant role of N-a- cetyl cysteine isomers following high dose irradiation. Free Radical Biology & Medicine 2003; 34: 689–95.
• Engin K, Özyardımcı N. Akciger Kanserleri Tanı ve Teda- vide Temel İlkeler ve Uygulamalar (1. Basım). Avrupa Tıp Kitapçılık Ltd. Sti., İstanbul, 2001.
• Aebi H. Methods of Enzymatic Analysis. In: Bergmeyer HV, editor. Catalase estimation. New York: Verlag Chemic 1974; 673–84.
• Sun Y, Oberley LW, Li Y. A Simple method for clinical as- say of superoxide dismutase. Clinical Chemistry 1988; 34: 497–500.
• Ohkawa W, Ohishi N, Yagi K. Assay for lipid peroxides in animal tissues by thiobarbituric acid reaction. Analytical Biochemistry 1979; 95: 351–8.
• Bradford MM. A Rapid and sensitive method for the qu- antitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the prinsiple of protein–dye binding. Analytical Biochemistry 1976; 72: 248–54.
• Cerda H. Detection of irradiated fresh chicken, pork and fish using the DNA comet assay. LWT Food and Science Technology 1998; 31: 89–92.
• Türk Standardı. Gıda maddeleri-ışınlanmış gıda maddele- rinin belirlenmesi için DNA comet deneyi eleme yöntemi. TS EN 13784 Aralık 2004.
• Haines G, Marples B, Daniel P, Morris I. DNA damage in human and mouse spermatozoa after in vitro-irradiation assessed by the comet assay. Adv Exp Med Biol 1998; 444: 789–91.
• Singh NP, Stephens RE. X-ray induced DNA double-strand breaks in human sperm. Mutagenesis 1998; 13: 75–9.
• Sarıozkan S, Canturk F, Yay A, et al. The effect of different storage temperature on sperm parameters and DNA dama- ge in liquid stored new zealand rabbit spermatozoa. Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg 2012; 18: 475–80.
• Krochak RJ, Baker DG. Radiation nephritis. Clinical mani- festation and pathophysiologic mechanism. Urology 1986; 27: 389–39.
• Bergstein J, Andreoli SP, Provisor AJ, et al. Radiation neph- ritis following total body irradiation and cyclophospha- mide in preparation for bone marrow transplantation. Transplantation 1986; 4: 63–6.
• Jaenke RS, Robbins MEC, Bywaters T, et al. Capillary en- dothelium target site of renal radiation injury. Lab Invest 1993; 68: 396–405.
• Robbins MEC, Jaenke RS, Bywaters T, et al. Sequential evaluation of radiation induced glomerular ultrastructural changes in the pig kidney. Radiat Res 1993; 135: 351–64.
• Ward WF, Molteni A, Ts'ao CD, et al. Functional respon- ses of the pulmonary endothelium to thoracic irradiation in rats: differential modification by D- penicillamine. Int J Radiation Oncol BioI Phys 1987; 13: 1505–9.
• Dion MW, Hassey DH, Osborme JW. The effect of pen- toxifylin on early and late radiation injury following frac- tinonated irradiation in C34 mice. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1989; 17: 101–7.
• Geraci JP, Mariano NS, Jackson KL. Amelioration of radia- tion nephropathy in rats by dexamethasone treatment after irradiation. Radiat Res 1993; 134: 86–93.
• Mansour HH. Protective effect of ginseng against gam- ma-irradiation-induced oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction in rats. EXCLI Journal 2013; 12: 766–77.
• Ekici K, Temelli O, Parlakpınar H, et al. Beneficial effects of aminoguanidine on radiotherapy‐induced kidney and tes- tis injury. Andrologia 2016; 48: 683-92.
• Ueno S, Kashimoto T, Susa N, et al. Assessment of DNA damage in multiple organs of mice after whole body x-ir- radiation using the comet assay. Mutation Research 2007; 634: 135–45.
• Collins AR, Dusinsk´a M, Gedik CM, et al. Oxidative da- mage to DNA: Do we have a reliable biomarker? Environ Health Perspect 1996; 104: 465–9.
• Ueno S, Kashimoto T, Susa N, et al. Assessment of DNA damage in multiple organs of mice after whole body X-ir- radiation using the comet assay. Mutation Research 2007; 634: 135–45.
• Trevithick JR, Bantseev V, Hirst M, et al. Is pycnogenol a double-edgeds word? Cataractogenic in vitro, but reduces cataract risk in diabetic rats. Curr Eye Res 2013; 38: 751–60.
• Masquelier J. Plant extract with a proanthocyanidins con- tent as therapeutic agent having radical scavenging effect and use there of. (US Patent 4, 698, 360), 1987.
• Ramos FMM, Schönlau F, Novaes PD, et al. Pycnogenol® protects against ionizing radiation as shown in the intesti- nal mucosa of rats exposed to x-rays. Phytother Res 2006; 20: 676– 9.