Parvovirus B19

Year 2013, Volume: 23 Issue: 3, 96 - 102, 01.01.2013

Hatice Türk Dağı

Abstract

Parvovirus B19, Parvoviridae familyasının Erytrovirus genusunda yer alan küçük bir DNA virusudur. Virusun yaklaşık olarak %13- 14 oranında farklı nükleotid sekansa sahip üç genotipi tanımlanmıştır. Genotip 3 sahra-altı Afrika ve Güney Amerika ile sınırlı iken genotip 1 ve 2, Avrupa ve ABD’de yaygındır. Parvovirus B19, solunum yolu sekresyonları başta olmak üzere kan transfüzyonu, organ nakli ve transplasental yol ile bulaşmaktadır. Çocukluk çağının döküntülü hastalıklarından eritema infeksiyozumun etkeni olan par- vovirus B19, erişkinlerde artropatilere, özellikle kronik hemolitik anemisi olan hastalarda aplastik krize neden olmaktadır. Hamile bir kadının B19 virusu ile enfekte olması sonucunda, fetüste hidrops fetalis ve konjenital anemi gelişebilmektedir. Enfeksiyonun özgül etiyolojik tanısı serolojik testlerle ve polimeraz zincir reaksiyonu yöntemi kullanılarak viral nükleik asidin belirlenmesi ile yapılabilir. Klinik çalışmalarla güvenli ve etkili olduğu gösterilen aşı adayları olmasına rağmen hiçbiri kullanım için onaylanmamıştır. Virusa özgül antiviral tedavi yoktur, semptomatik tedavi uygulanmaktadır

Keywords

Parvovirus B19, eritema enfeksiyozum, aplastik kriz, hidrops fetalis

Parvovirus B19

Abstract

Parvovirus B19 is a small DNA virus belongs to Erytrovirus genus of Parvoviridae family. Three genotypes of the virus which have approximately 13-14% nucleotide sequence differences are defined. Genotype 1 and 2 are common in Europe and the United States while genotype 3 is limited to sub-Saharan Africa and South America. Parvovirus B19 is transmitted by mainly respiratory tract sec- retions, blood transfusion, organ transplantation and transplacental route. Parvovirus B19, a causative agent of erythema infectiosum which is an eruptive diseases of childhood, causes arthropathies in adults, aplastic crisis especially in patients with chronic hemolytic anemia. Hydrops fetalis and congenital anemia may develop in a fetus as a concequence of an infection in a pregnant woman with B19 virus. Spesific etiologic diagnosis of infection can be made by serological tests or detection of viral nucleic acid by polymerase chain reaction. Although there are vaccine candiadates shown to be safe and efficacious in clinical trials, none of them is approved currently for use. There is no specific antiviral therapy, the treatment is symptomatic

Keywords

Parvovirus B19, erythema infectiosum, aplastic crisis, hydrops fetalis

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