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Prevalence and Determinants of Depression Among Medical Students: A Comprehensive Investigation

Year 2024, Volume: 34 Issue: 4, 513 - 518, 31.08.2024
https://doi.org/10.54005/geneltip.1464302

Abstract

Background/Aims:Depression is a prevalent mental health disorder globally, impacting individuals' quality of life significantly. Medical students, due to the demanding nature of their education, are particularly susceptible to depression. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and severity of depression among medical students and explore associated factors.
Methods:This cross-sectional study was conducted over three months at a tertiary healthcare institution affiliated with a university. A face-to-face questionnaire was used to assess depression levels and associated factors among medical students. The Beck Depression Inventory was utilized for depression assessment. Statistical analyses were performed using IBM SPSS Statistics.
Results:The study included the demographic characteristics, lifestyle factors, and depression scores of medical students. Female students exhibited significantly higher depression scores than male students. Factors such as family income, smoking habits, social media usage, and regular studying showed significant associations with depression levels. Additionally, students who were satisfied with their medical education and those who did not experience semester/internship loss demonstrated lower depression levels.
Conclusions:Several factors, such as gender, family background, lifestyle choices, and academic performance, were found to influence depression levels among medical students. Notably, social media use, regular studying habits, and satisfaction with medical education emerged as significant predictors of depression. Depression among medical students is a multifaceted issue influenced by various factors. Addressing these factors through targeted interventions and support services is crucial for promoting the psychological well-being of medical students and ensuring their long-term success in the medical profession.

References

  • World Health Organization. (2021). depression. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/depression).
  • Fancher T, Kravitz R (2010). Depression. Annals of Internal Medicine, 152, ITC5-1. https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-152-9-201005040-01005.
  • Pemberton R, Tyszkiewicz M (2016). Factors contributing to depressive mood states in everyday life: A systematic review.. Journal of affective disorders, 200, 103-10 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2016.04.023.
  • Berk, M., Williams, L. J., Jacka, F. N., O'Neil, A., Pasco, J. A., Moylan, S., Allen, N. B., Stuart, A. L., Hayley, A. C., Byrne, M. L., & Maes, M. (2013). So depression is an inflammatory disease, but where does the inflammation come from?. BMC medicine, 11, 200. https://doi.org/10.1186/1741-7015-11-200
  • Rotenstein, L. S., Ramos, M. A., Torre, M., Segal, J. B., Peluso, M. J., Guille, C., Sen, S., & Mata, D. A. (2016). Prevalence of Depression, Depressive Symptoms, and Suicidal Ideation Among Medical Students: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. JAMA, 316(21), 2214–2236. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2016.17324ü
  • Dyrbye, L. N., Thomas, M. R., Massie, F. S., Power, D. V., Eacker, A., Harper, W., Durning, S., Moutier, C., Szydlo, D. W., Novotny, P. J., Sloan, J. A., & Shanafelt, T. D. (2008). Burnout and suicidal ideation among U.S. medical students. Annals of internal medicine, 149(5), 334–341. https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-149-5-200809020-00008
  • BECK, A. T., WARD, C. H., MENDELSON, M., MOCK, J., & ERBAUGH, J. (1961). An inventory for measuring depression. Archives of general psychiatry, 4, 561–571. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.1961.01710120031004
  • Swift C. (1992). Book Reviews : Sex Differences in Depression. By Susan Nolen-Hoeksema. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1990,258 pp. $25.00 (hardbound). Affilia, 7, 116 - 117. https://doi.org/10.1177/088610999200700112.
  • Lester, D., & Caffery, D. (1989). Birth order, depression and suicide. Psychological reports, 64(1), 18. https://doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1989.64.1.18
  • Belle D, Doucet J. (2003). Poverty, Inequality, and Discrimination as Sources of Depression Among U.S. Women. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 27, 101 - 113. https://doi.org/10.1111/1471-6402.00090.
  • Santiago CD, Wadsworth ME, Stump J. (2011). Socioeconomic status, neighborhood disadvantage, and poverty-related stress: Prospective effects on psychological syndromes among diverse low-income families. Journal of Economic Psychology, 32(2), 218-230.
  • Covey L, Glassman A, Stetner F. (1998). Cigarette smoking and major depression.. Journal of addictive diseases, 17 1,35 46.https://doi.org/10.1300/J069V17N01_04.
  • Pasco, J. A., Williams, L. J., Jacka, F. N., Ng, F., Henry, M. J., Nicholson, G. C., Kotowicz, M. A., & Berk, M. (2008). Tobacco smoking as a risk factor for major depressive disorder: population-based study. The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science, 193(4), 322–326. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.107.046706
  • Block, M., Stern, D. B., Raman, K., Lee, S., Carey, J., Humphreys, A. A., Mulhern, F., Calder, B., Schultz, D., Rudick, C. N., Blood, A. J., & Breiter, H. C. (2014). The relationship between self-report of depression and media usage. Frontiers in human neuroscience, 8, 712. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2014.00712
  • Leubner D, Hinterberger T. (2017). Reviewing the Effectiveness of Music Interventions in Treating Depression. Frontiers in Psychology, 8. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01109.
  • Tang, Q, Huang Z, Zhou H, Ye P. (2020). Effects of music therapy on depression: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. PLoS ONE, 15. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0240862.
  • Castillo-Perez S, Gómez-Pérez V, Velasco M, Pérez-Campos E, Mayoral M. (2010). Effects of music therapy on depression compared with psychotherapy. Arts in Psychotherapy, 37, 387-390. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.AIP.2010.07.001.
  • Maliqi, A, Borinca I, Zeqaj-Maliqi A. (2015). The Correlation between Academic Success and Depressive Symptoms among Students in Kosovo. Psychology, 06, 1775-1779. https://doi.org/10.4236/PSYCH.2015.614173.
  • Yusoff, M (2013). Associations of pass-fail outcomes with psychological health of first-year medical students in a malaysian medical school.. Sultan Qaboos University medical journal, 13 1, 107-14 . https://doi.org/10.12816/0003203.
  • Khan, M. S., Mahmood, S., Badshah, A., Ali, S. U., & Jamal, Y. (2006). Prevalence of depression, anxiety and their associated factors among medical students in Karachi, Pakistan. JPMA. The Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association, 56(12), 583–586.

Tıp Öğrencileri Arasında Depresyonun Yaygınlığı ve Belirleyicileri: Kapsamlı Bir Araştırma

Year 2024, Volume: 34 Issue: 4, 513 - 518, 31.08.2024
https://doi.org/10.54005/geneltip.1464302

Abstract

Amaç: Depresyon, bireylerin yaşam kalitesini önemli ölçüde etkileyen, dünya çapında yaygın bir ruh sağlığı bozukluğudur. Tıp öğrencileri, eğitimlerinin zorlu doğası nedeniyle depresyona karşı özellikle hassastır. Bu çalışmanın amacı tıp öğrencileri arasında depresyonun yaygınlığını ve şiddetini araştırmak ve ilişkili faktörleri incelemektir.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Bu kesitsel çalışma, bir üniversiteye bağlı üçüncü basamak bir sağlık kurumunda üç ay boyunca yürütülmüştür. Tıp öğrencileri arasında depresyon düzeylerini ve ilişkili faktörleri değerlendirmek için yüz yüze bir anket kullanılmıştır. Depresyon değerlendirmesi için Beck Depresyon Envanteri kullanılmıştır. İstatistiksel analizler IBM SPSS Statistics kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir.
Bulgular: Çalışma tıp öğrencilerinin demografik özelliklerini, yaşam tarzı faktörlerini ve depresyon puanlarını içermektedir. Kız öğrencilerin depresyon puanları erkek öğrencilere göre anlamlı derecede yüksekti (p=0,019). Aile geliri, sigara içme alışkanlığı, sosyal medya kullanımı ve düzenli ders çalışma gibi faktörler depresyon düzeyleri ile anlamlı ilişkiler göstermiştir (p<0.05). Ayrıca, tıp eğitiminden memnun olan ve dönem/staj kaybı yaşamayan öğrencilerin depresyon düzeyleri daha düşük bulunmuştur (p<0.05).
Sonuç: Cinsiyet, aile geçmişi, yaşam tarzı seçimleri ve akademik performans gibi çeşitli faktörlerin tıp öğrencileri arasında depresyon düzeylerini etkilediği bulunmuştur. Özellikle, sosyal medya kullanımı, düzenli ders çalışma alışkanlıkları ve tıp eğitiminden memnuniyet depresyonun önemli belirleyicileri olarak ortaya çıkmıştır. Tıp öğrencileri arasında depresyon, çeşitli faktörlerden etkilenen çok yönlü bir sorundur. Bu faktörlerin hedefe yönelik müdahaleler ve destek hizmetleri aracılığıyla ele alınması, tıp öğrencilerinin psikolojik esenliğini teşvik etmek ve tıp mesleğinde uzun vadeli başarılarını sağlamak için çok önemlidir.

References

  • World Health Organization. (2021). depression. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/depression).
  • Fancher T, Kravitz R (2010). Depression. Annals of Internal Medicine, 152, ITC5-1. https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-152-9-201005040-01005.
  • Pemberton R, Tyszkiewicz M (2016). Factors contributing to depressive mood states in everyday life: A systematic review.. Journal of affective disorders, 200, 103-10 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2016.04.023.
  • Berk, M., Williams, L. J., Jacka, F. N., O'Neil, A., Pasco, J. A., Moylan, S., Allen, N. B., Stuart, A. L., Hayley, A. C., Byrne, M. L., & Maes, M. (2013). So depression is an inflammatory disease, but where does the inflammation come from?. BMC medicine, 11, 200. https://doi.org/10.1186/1741-7015-11-200
  • Rotenstein, L. S., Ramos, M. A., Torre, M., Segal, J. B., Peluso, M. J., Guille, C., Sen, S., & Mata, D. A. (2016). Prevalence of Depression, Depressive Symptoms, and Suicidal Ideation Among Medical Students: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. JAMA, 316(21), 2214–2236. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2016.17324ü
  • Dyrbye, L. N., Thomas, M. R., Massie, F. S., Power, D. V., Eacker, A., Harper, W., Durning, S., Moutier, C., Szydlo, D. W., Novotny, P. J., Sloan, J. A., & Shanafelt, T. D. (2008). Burnout and suicidal ideation among U.S. medical students. Annals of internal medicine, 149(5), 334–341. https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-149-5-200809020-00008
  • BECK, A. T., WARD, C. H., MENDELSON, M., MOCK, J., & ERBAUGH, J. (1961). An inventory for measuring depression. Archives of general psychiatry, 4, 561–571. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.1961.01710120031004
  • Swift C. (1992). Book Reviews : Sex Differences in Depression. By Susan Nolen-Hoeksema. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1990,258 pp. $25.00 (hardbound). Affilia, 7, 116 - 117. https://doi.org/10.1177/088610999200700112.
  • Lester, D., & Caffery, D. (1989). Birth order, depression and suicide. Psychological reports, 64(1), 18. https://doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1989.64.1.18
  • Belle D, Doucet J. (2003). Poverty, Inequality, and Discrimination as Sources of Depression Among U.S. Women. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 27, 101 - 113. https://doi.org/10.1111/1471-6402.00090.
  • Santiago CD, Wadsworth ME, Stump J. (2011). Socioeconomic status, neighborhood disadvantage, and poverty-related stress: Prospective effects on psychological syndromes among diverse low-income families. Journal of Economic Psychology, 32(2), 218-230.
  • Covey L, Glassman A, Stetner F. (1998). Cigarette smoking and major depression.. Journal of addictive diseases, 17 1,35 46.https://doi.org/10.1300/J069V17N01_04.
  • Pasco, J. A., Williams, L. J., Jacka, F. N., Ng, F., Henry, M. J., Nicholson, G. C., Kotowicz, M. A., & Berk, M. (2008). Tobacco smoking as a risk factor for major depressive disorder: population-based study. The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science, 193(4), 322–326. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.107.046706
  • Block, M., Stern, D. B., Raman, K., Lee, S., Carey, J., Humphreys, A. A., Mulhern, F., Calder, B., Schultz, D., Rudick, C. N., Blood, A. J., & Breiter, H. C. (2014). The relationship between self-report of depression and media usage. Frontiers in human neuroscience, 8, 712. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2014.00712
  • Leubner D, Hinterberger T. (2017). Reviewing the Effectiveness of Music Interventions in Treating Depression. Frontiers in Psychology, 8. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01109.
  • Tang, Q, Huang Z, Zhou H, Ye P. (2020). Effects of music therapy on depression: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. PLoS ONE, 15. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0240862.
  • Castillo-Perez S, Gómez-Pérez V, Velasco M, Pérez-Campos E, Mayoral M. (2010). Effects of music therapy on depression compared with psychotherapy. Arts in Psychotherapy, 37, 387-390. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.AIP.2010.07.001.
  • Maliqi, A, Borinca I, Zeqaj-Maliqi A. (2015). The Correlation between Academic Success and Depressive Symptoms among Students in Kosovo. Psychology, 06, 1775-1779. https://doi.org/10.4236/PSYCH.2015.614173.
  • Yusoff, M (2013). Associations of pass-fail outcomes with psychological health of first-year medical students in a malaysian medical school.. Sultan Qaboos University medical journal, 13 1, 107-14 . https://doi.org/10.12816/0003203.
  • Khan, M. S., Mahmood, S., Badshah, A., Ali, S. U., & Jamal, Y. (2006). Prevalence of depression, anxiety and their associated factors among medical students in Karachi, Pakistan. JPMA. The Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association, 56(12), 583–586.
There are 20 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Psychiatry
Journal Section Original Article
Authors

Osman Sezer Çınaroğlu 0000-0002-3860-2053

Semih Musa Coşkun 0009-0005-6495-1205

Deniz Çınaroğlu 0009-0009-4349-9116

Ejder Saylav Bora 0000-0002-2448-2337

Süleyman Kırık 0000-0003-1477-6363

Esin Evren Kılıçaslan 0000-0003-0110-6280

Early Pub Date August 30, 2024
Publication Date August 31, 2024
Submission Date April 3, 2024
Acceptance Date June 10, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 34 Issue: 4

Cite

Vancouver Çınaroğlu OS, Coşkun SM, Çınaroğlu D, Bora ES, Kırık S, Kılıçaslan EE. Prevalence and Determinants of Depression Among Medical Students: A Comprehensive Investigation. Genel Tıp Derg. 2024;34(4):513-8.