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Öğrenci Hemşirelerin Karma Eğitim Kavramına İlişkin Algıları: Metafor Analiz Çalışması

Year 2025, Volume: 35 Issue: 5, 863 - 875, 28.10.2025
https://doi.org/10.54005/geneltip.1649772

Abstract

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, hemşirelik öğrencilerinin “Karma Eğitim” kavramına ilişkin algılarını metaforlar aracılığıyla belirlemektir.
Yöntem: Çalışma, nitel araştırmanın temelini oluşturan fenomenoloji (olgubilim) yaklaşımı deseninde yapılmıştır. Araştırmanın evren ve örneklemi, 2021-2022 eğitim-öğretim yılında Hemşirelik Fakültesi’nde eğitim gören 2., 3. ve 4. sınıf hemşirelik öğrencilerinden (N=593, n=331) oluşmuştur. Araştırma verileri “Metaforik Algılar Veri Toplama” aracı kullanılarak toplanmıştır. Veri analizi beş aşamada gerçekleştirilmiştir.
Bulgular: Öğrenci hemşireler karma eğitim kavramına yönelik 160 metafor oluşturmuşlardır. Elde edilen metaforlar benzerlikleri yönünden incelenmiş ve “Akademik boyut” ile “Psikososyal boyut” olmak üzere iki kategori altında birleştirilmiştir.
Sonuç: Sonuç olarak, öğrenci hemşirelerin karma eğitim kavramına ilişkin metaforların akademik ve psikososyal boyutta olduğu görülmektedir. Bu sonuçlar doğrultusunda, akademik öğreniminin sağlıklı olması ve kaliteli eğitim oluşturulmasında akademisyenler için çeşitli kursların oluşturulması ve öğrencilerin akademik ve Psikososyal kaygılarına yönelik güçlendirici eğitim içeriklerinin müfredata eklenmesi önerilebilir.

References

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  • 2. Ministry of Health. 2021, COVID-19 Information Platform. Retrieved November 6, 2023. Available from: https://saglik.gov.tr/https://covid19.saglik.gov.tr/TR-66935/genel-koronavirus-tablosu.html.
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  • 4. Bozkurt A, Jung I, Xiao J, Vladimirschi V, Schuwer R, Egorov G, et al. A global outlook to the interruption of education due to the COVID-19 pandemic: navigating in a time of uncertainty and crisis. Asian J Distance Educ. 2020;15(1):1–126. doi:10.5281/zenodo.3878572.
  • 5. The Council of Higher Education. Press release [Internet]. Ankara: The Council of Higher Education; 2020 [cited 2023 Dec 12]. Available from: https://www.yok.gov.tr/Sayfalar/Haberler/2020/YKS%20Ertelenmesi%20Bas%C4%B1n%20A%C3%A7%C4%B1klamas%C4%B1.aspx.
  • 6. Kürtüncü M, Kaya A. COVID-19 pandemisi döneminde hemşirelik öğrencilerinin uzaktan eğitim konusunda yaşadıkları sorunlar. Avrasya Sosyal ve Ekonomi Araştırmaları Dergisi. 2020;7(5):66–77.
  • 7. The Council of Higher Education. Coronavirus (COVID-19) information note: 1 [Internet]. Ankara: The Council of Higher Education; 2020 [cited 2023 Oct 10]. Available from: https://www.yok.gov.tr/Sayfalar/Haberler/2020/coronavirus_bilgilendirme_1.aspx
  • 8. The Council of Higher Education. The Council of Higher Education has determined the COVID-19 measures and framework of education processes in universities [Internet]. Ankara: The Council of Higher Education; 2021 [cited 2023 Oct 10]. Available from: https://www.yok.gov.tr/Sayfalar/Haberler/2021/yok-ten-covid-19-tedbirlerine-yonelik-uygulama-rehberleri.aspx.
  • 9. Haftador AM, Tehranineshat B, Keshtkaran Z, Mohebbi Z. A study of the effects of blended learning on university students' critical thinking: A systematic review. J Educ Health Promot. 2023;12:95. doi: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_665_22.
  • 10. Kang J, Seomun G. Evaluating web-based nursing education's effects: a systematic review and meta-analysis. West J Nurs Res. 2018 Nov;40(11):1677–1697. doi:10.1177/0193945917729160.
  • 11. Usher M, Hershkovitz A. From guides to jugglers, from audience to outsiders: a metaphor analysis of synchronous hybrid learning. Learn Environ Res. 2024;27:1 16. doi:10.1007/s10984-023-09466-w.
  • 12. Atılgan YO, Atılgan G, Sever D. The perceptions of gifted students about distance education: a metaphor analysis. Int Technol Educ J. 2021;5(2):55–66.
  • 13. Chang TY, Hong G, Paganelli C, Phantumvanit P, Chang WJ, Shieh YS, Hsu ML. Innovation of dental education during the COVID-19 pandemic. J Dent Sci. 2021;16(1):15-20. doi:10.1016/j.jds.2020.07.01.
  • 14. Turan FD, Söyünmez S. Perceptions of third and fourth year nursing students enrolled in a pediatric nursing course regarding the concept of child abuse: a metaphorical study. Nurse Educ Today. 2022;113:105359. doi:10.1016/j.nedt.2022.105359.
  • 15. Creswell JW, Báez JC. 30 essential skills for the qualitative researcher. Thousand Oaks (CA): Sage Publications; 2020. p. 108–153.
  • 16. Yıldırım A, Şimşek H. Sampling in qualitative research [Qualitative research methods in social sciences] (8th Edition). Ankara: Seçkin Publishing; 2013.
  • 17. Ntim S, Opoku-Manu M, Addai-Amoah Kwarteng A. Post COVID-19 and the potential of blended learning in higher institutions: exploring students and lecturers' perspectives on learning outcomes in blended learning. Eur J Educ Pedagogy. 2021;2(6):49–59. doi:10.24018/ejedu.2021.2.6.162.
  • 18. Kürtüncü M, Kurt A. COVID-19 Pandemisi Döneminde Hemşirelik Öğrencilerinin Uzaktan Eğitim Konusunda Yaşadıkları Sorunlar.1 Avrasya Sosyal ve Ekonomi Araştırmaları Dergisi.2 2020;7(5):66-77.
  • 19. Saban A. Öğretmen adaylarının öğrenci kavramına ilişkin sahip oldukları zihinsel imgeler. Türk Eğitim Bilimleri Dergisi. 2009;7(2):281–326.
  • 20. Çekiç Y, Yüksel R. Metaphors of nursing students on the perception of mental illness: a qualitative study. J Psychiatr Nurs. 2021;12(2):85–92.
  • 21. O’Brien BC, Harris IB, Beckman TJ, Reed DA, Cook DA. Standards for reporting qualitative research: a synthesis of recommendations. Acad Med. 2014;89(9):1245–1251.
  • 22. Kartsoni E, Bakalis N, Markakis G, Zografakis-Sfakianakis M, Patelarou E, Patelarou A. Distance Learning in Nursing Education during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Psychosocial Impact for the Greek Nursing Students—A Qualitative Approach. Healthcare. 2023;11(8):1178. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11081178.
  • 23. Taylan S, Özkan İ, İlaslan E. The effect of inadequately conducted compulsory distance education on the professional identity development process from nursing students' perspective: A phenomenological qualitative study. Perspect Psychiatr Care. 2022;58(4):2764-2773. https://doi.org/10.1111/ppc.13118.
  • 24. Wallace S, Schuler MS, Kaulback M, Hunt K, Baker M. Nursing student experiences of remote learning during the COVID-19 pandemic. Nurs Forum. 2021;56(3):612-618. https://doi.org/10.1111/nuf.12568.
  • 25. Bdair IA. Nursing students' and faculty members' perspectives about online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic: A qualitative study. Teach Learn Nurs. 2021;16(3):220-226. doi:10.1016/j.teln.2021.02.008.
  • 26. Michel A, Ryan N, Mattheus D, Knopf A, Abuelezam NN, Stamp K, et al. Undergraduate nursing students’ perceptions on nursing education during the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic: A national sample. Nurs Outlook. 2021;69(5):903-912. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.outlook.2021.05.004.
  • 27. Gaffney MK, Chargualaf KA, Ghosh S. COVID-19 Disruption of Nursing Education and the Effects on Students' Academic and Professional Confidence. Nurse Educ. 2021;46(2):76-81. doi: 10.1097/NNE.0000000000000986. 28. Benner P. From novice to expert, excellence and power in clinical nursing practice. Menlo Park, CA: Addison-Wesley Publishing Company; 1984. 307 pp.
  • 29. Alharbi M, Kuhn L, Morphet J. Undergraduate Nursing Students’ Adoption of The Professional İdentity of Nursing Through Social Media Use: A Qualitative Descriptive Study. Nurse Educ Today. 2020;92:104488. doi:10.1016/j.nedt.2020.104488.
  • 30. Abdelkader A, Barbagallo, MS. The Impact of the COVID-19 Global Pandemic on Undergraduate Nursing Students' Study of Anatomy and Physiology. Comput Inform Nurs. 2021; 40(4):278-284. https://doi.org/10.1097/cin.0000000000000851.
  • 31. Atout M, Alrimawi I, Mohammed Ali A, Dreidi M, Abu Khader I, Jaghama M. Challenges to online education during the time of COVID‐19: A focus group study. Nurs Forum. 2022;57(6):1120-1128. doi:10.1111/nuf 12800.
  • 32. Shorey S, Pereira TL, Teo WZ, Ang E, Lau TC, Samarasekera DD. Navigating nursing curriculum change during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-synthesis. Nurse Educ Pract. 2022;65:103483. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nepr.2022.103483.
  • 33. Kawasaki H, Yamasaki S, Rahman MM. Developing a Hybrid Platform for Emergency Remote Education of Nursing Students in the Context of COVID-19. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(24):12908. https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/24/12908.
  • 34. Li D. The Shift to Online Classes during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Benefits, Challenges, and Required Improvements from the Students' Perspective. Electron J E-Learn. 2022;20(1):1-18.
  • 35. Dhawan S, Kumar M, Joshi B, Singh A. Perception of Indian nursing students about e-learning during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study. Indian J Contin Nurs Educ. 2022;23(1):67-75. doi: 10.4103/ijcn.ijcn_71_21.
  • 36. Ismail F, Yelverton C, Rademan R, Peterson C. Perceptions and attitudes of University of Johannesburg chiropractic students toward a blended learning approach and a shift to an e-learning approach necessitated by the COVID-19 pandemic. J Chiropr Educ. 2022 :1;36(1):73-81. doi: 10.7899/JCE-21-8.
  • 37. Thapa N, Lobo DJ, Pai RR. Perception, satisfaction, and self-regulation in a blended learning environment during the COVID-19 pandemic among health sciences students: A cross-sectional survey. J Educ Health Promot. 2023;312. https://doi.org/10.4103/jehp.jehp_1739_22.

Student Nurses’ Perceptions of the Concept of Blended Education During The Covid-19 Pandemic: A Metaphor Analysis Study

Year 2025, Volume: 35 Issue: 5, 863 - 875, 28.10.2025
https://doi.org/10.54005/geneltip.1649772

Abstract

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to determine the perceptions of nursing students regarding the concept of “Blended Education”, which was implemented for the first time due to the Covid-19 pandemic, through metaphors.
Methods: The study, nursing students who received undergraduate nursing theoretical education online and clinical practices face-to-face during the pandemic were determined as the criterion. The study was conducted in the phenomenology approach pattern, which forms the basis of qualitative research. The universe and sample of the study consisted of 2nd, 3rd and 4th year nursing students (N=593, n=331) studying at the Faculty of Nursing in the 2021-2022 academic year. The research data were collected using the “Metaphorical Perceptions Data Collection” tool.
Results: Data analysis was carried out in five stages. Student nurses created 160 metaphors for the concept of blended education. The obtained metaphors were examined in terms of similarities and combined under two categories as “Academic dimension” and “Psychosocial dimension”.
Conclusions: In line with this result, it is of great importance to integrate empowering education contents into the curriculum to eliminate students’ academic and psychosocial concerns. In addition, it is recommended that various courses be organized and universities’ technical infrastructures be strengthened in order to increase the competencies of academics.

Ethical Statement

The ethics committee decision of the study has been presented.

Supporting Institution

There is no institution supporting the work.

References

  • 1. World Health Organization. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): situation report – 52 [Internet]. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2020 Mar 12 [cited 2022 Sep 15]. Available from: https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200312-sitrep-52-covid-19.pdf?sfvrsn=e2bfc9c0_4
  • 2. Ministry of Health. 2021, COVID-19 Information Platform. Retrieved November 6, 2023. Available from: https://saglik.gov.tr/https://covid19.saglik.gov.tr/TR-66935/genel-koronavirus-tablosu.html.
  • 3. Okan N. Examining the efficiency of online courses during the pandemic and comparing them with face-to-face courses. In: International COVID-19 Congress: New Norms in Education; 2020; Artvin, Turkey.
  • 4. Bozkurt A, Jung I, Xiao J, Vladimirschi V, Schuwer R, Egorov G, et al. A global outlook to the interruption of education due to the COVID-19 pandemic: navigating in a time of uncertainty and crisis. Asian J Distance Educ. 2020;15(1):1–126. doi:10.5281/zenodo.3878572.
  • 5. The Council of Higher Education. Press release [Internet]. Ankara: The Council of Higher Education; 2020 [cited 2023 Dec 12]. Available from: https://www.yok.gov.tr/Sayfalar/Haberler/2020/YKS%20Ertelenmesi%20Bas%C4%B1n%20A%C3%A7%C4%B1klamas%C4%B1.aspx.
  • 6. Kürtüncü M, Kaya A. COVID-19 pandemisi döneminde hemşirelik öğrencilerinin uzaktan eğitim konusunda yaşadıkları sorunlar. Avrasya Sosyal ve Ekonomi Araştırmaları Dergisi. 2020;7(5):66–77.
  • 7. The Council of Higher Education. Coronavirus (COVID-19) information note: 1 [Internet]. Ankara: The Council of Higher Education; 2020 [cited 2023 Oct 10]. Available from: https://www.yok.gov.tr/Sayfalar/Haberler/2020/coronavirus_bilgilendirme_1.aspx
  • 8. The Council of Higher Education. The Council of Higher Education has determined the COVID-19 measures and framework of education processes in universities [Internet]. Ankara: The Council of Higher Education; 2021 [cited 2023 Oct 10]. Available from: https://www.yok.gov.tr/Sayfalar/Haberler/2021/yok-ten-covid-19-tedbirlerine-yonelik-uygulama-rehberleri.aspx.
  • 9. Haftador AM, Tehranineshat B, Keshtkaran Z, Mohebbi Z. A study of the effects of blended learning on university students' critical thinking: A systematic review. J Educ Health Promot. 2023;12:95. doi: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_665_22.
  • 10. Kang J, Seomun G. Evaluating web-based nursing education's effects: a systematic review and meta-analysis. West J Nurs Res. 2018 Nov;40(11):1677–1697. doi:10.1177/0193945917729160.
  • 11. Usher M, Hershkovitz A. From guides to jugglers, from audience to outsiders: a metaphor analysis of synchronous hybrid learning. Learn Environ Res. 2024;27:1 16. doi:10.1007/s10984-023-09466-w.
  • 12. Atılgan YO, Atılgan G, Sever D. The perceptions of gifted students about distance education: a metaphor analysis. Int Technol Educ J. 2021;5(2):55–66.
  • 13. Chang TY, Hong G, Paganelli C, Phantumvanit P, Chang WJ, Shieh YS, Hsu ML. Innovation of dental education during the COVID-19 pandemic. J Dent Sci. 2021;16(1):15-20. doi:10.1016/j.jds.2020.07.01.
  • 14. Turan FD, Söyünmez S. Perceptions of third and fourth year nursing students enrolled in a pediatric nursing course regarding the concept of child abuse: a metaphorical study. Nurse Educ Today. 2022;113:105359. doi:10.1016/j.nedt.2022.105359.
  • 15. Creswell JW, Báez JC. 30 essential skills for the qualitative researcher. Thousand Oaks (CA): Sage Publications; 2020. p. 108–153.
  • 16. Yıldırım A, Şimşek H. Sampling in qualitative research [Qualitative research methods in social sciences] (8th Edition). Ankara: Seçkin Publishing; 2013.
  • 17. Ntim S, Opoku-Manu M, Addai-Amoah Kwarteng A. Post COVID-19 and the potential of blended learning in higher institutions: exploring students and lecturers' perspectives on learning outcomes in blended learning. Eur J Educ Pedagogy. 2021;2(6):49–59. doi:10.24018/ejedu.2021.2.6.162.
  • 18. Kürtüncü M, Kurt A. COVID-19 Pandemisi Döneminde Hemşirelik Öğrencilerinin Uzaktan Eğitim Konusunda Yaşadıkları Sorunlar.1 Avrasya Sosyal ve Ekonomi Araştırmaları Dergisi.2 2020;7(5):66-77.
  • 19. Saban A. Öğretmen adaylarının öğrenci kavramına ilişkin sahip oldukları zihinsel imgeler. Türk Eğitim Bilimleri Dergisi. 2009;7(2):281–326.
  • 20. Çekiç Y, Yüksel R. Metaphors of nursing students on the perception of mental illness: a qualitative study. J Psychiatr Nurs. 2021;12(2):85–92.
  • 21. O’Brien BC, Harris IB, Beckman TJ, Reed DA, Cook DA. Standards for reporting qualitative research: a synthesis of recommendations. Acad Med. 2014;89(9):1245–1251.
  • 22. Kartsoni E, Bakalis N, Markakis G, Zografakis-Sfakianakis M, Patelarou E, Patelarou A. Distance Learning in Nursing Education during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Psychosocial Impact for the Greek Nursing Students—A Qualitative Approach. Healthcare. 2023;11(8):1178. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11081178.
  • 23. Taylan S, Özkan İ, İlaslan E. The effect of inadequately conducted compulsory distance education on the professional identity development process from nursing students' perspective: A phenomenological qualitative study. Perspect Psychiatr Care. 2022;58(4):2764-2773. https://doi.org/10.1111/ppc.13118.
  • 24. Wallace S, Schuler MS, Kaulback M, Hunt K, Baker M. Nursing student experiences of remote learning during the COVID-19 pandemic. Nurs Forum. 2021;56(3):612-618. https://doi.org/10.1111/nuf.12568.
  • 25. Bdair IA. Nursing students' and faculty members' perspectives about online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic: A qualitative study. Teach Learn Nurs. 2021;16(3):220-226. doi:10.1016/j.teln.2021.02.008.
  • 26. Michel A, Ryan N, Mattheus D, Knopf A, Abuelezam NN, Stamp K, et al. Undergraduate nursing students’ perceptions on nursing education during the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic: A national sample. Nurs Outlook. 2021;69(5):903-912. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.outlook.2021.05.004.
  • 27. Gaffney MK, Chargualaf KA, Ghosh S. COVID-19 Disruption of Nursing Education and the Effects on Students' Academic and Professional Confidence. Nurse Educ. 2021;46(2):76-81. doi: 10.1097/NNE.0000000000000986. 28. Benner P. From novice to expert, excellence and power in clinical nursing practice. Menlo Park, CA: Addison-Wesley Publishing Company; 1984. 307 pp.
  • 29. Alharbi M, Kuhn L, Morphet J. Undergraduate Nursing Students’ Adoption of The Professional İdentity of Nursing Through Social Media Use: A Qualitative Descriptive Study. Nurse Educ Today. 2020;92:104488. doi:10.1016/j.nedt.2020.104488.
  • 30. Abdelkader A, Barbagallo, MS. The Impact of the COVID-19 Global Pandemic on Undergraduate Nursing Students' Study of Anatomy and Physiology. Comput Inform Nurs. 2021; 40(4):278-284. https://doi.org/10.1097/cin.0000000000000851.
  • 31. Atout M, Alrimawi I, Mohammed Ali A, Dreidi M, Abu Khader I, Jaghama M. Challenges to online education during the time of COVID‐19: A focus group study. Nurs Forum. 2022;57(6):1120-1128. doi:10.1111/nuf 12800.
  • 32. Shorey S, Pereira TL, Teo WZ, Ang E, Lau TC, Samarasekera DD. Navigating nursing curriculum change during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-synthesis. Nurse Educ Pract. 2022;65:103483. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nepr.2022.103483.
  • 33. Kawasaki H, Yamasaki S, Rahman MM. Developing a Hybrid Platform for Emergency Remote Education of Nursing Students in the Context of COVID-19. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(24):12908. https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/24/12908.
  • 34. Li D. The Shift to Online Classes during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Benefits, Challenges, and Required Improvements from the Students' Perspective. Electron J E-Learn. 2022;20(1):1-18.
  • 35. Dhawan S, Kumar M, Joshi B, Singh A. Perception of Indian nursing students about e-learning during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study. Indian J Contin Nurs Educ. 2022;23(1):67-75. doi: 10.4103/ijcn.ijcn_71_21.
  • 36. Ismail F, Yelverton C, Rademan R, Peterson C. Perceptions and attitudes of University of Johannesburg chiropractic students toward a blended learning approach and a shift to an e-learning approach necessitated by the COVID-19 pandemic. J Chiropr Educ. 2022 :1;36(1):73-81. doi: 10.7899/JCE-21-8.
  • 37. Thapa N, Lobo DJ, Pai RR. Perception, satisfaction, and self-regulation in a blended learning environment during the COVID-19 pandemic among health sciences students: A cross-sectional survey. J Educ Health Promot. 2023;312. https://doi.org/10.4103/jehp.jehp_1739_22.
There are 36 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Clinical Sciences (Other)
Journal Section Original Article
Authors

Melike Durmaz 0000-0002-6028-5592

Yasemin Şara 0000-0002-9809-4775

Şerife Kurşun Kural 0000-0003-1960-3955

Publication Date October 28, 2025
Submission Date March 2, 2025
Acceptance Date May 8, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 35 Issue: 5

Cite

Vancouver Durmaz M, Şara Y, Kurşun Kural Ş. Student Nurses’ Perceptions of the Concept of Blended Education During The Covid-19 Pandemic: A Metaphor Analysis Study. Genel Tıp Derg. 2025;35(5):863-75.

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