Yapı Ruhsatlandırmadan Kat Mülkiyetine Giden Süreçlerin Dijitalleştirilmesi: Mevcut Durum Analizi ve Öneri
Year 2021,
, 93 - 106, 01.08.2021
Doğuş Güler
,
Tahsin Yomralıoğlu
Abstract
Hızlı nüfus artışıyla birlikte yaşam alanlarındaki talebin karşılanması için birçok yeni yapı inşaatı yapılmakta ve mevcut yapılar yenilenmektedir. Arazi parsellerinde oluşan bu güncellemeler için yapı ruhsatı ve yapı kullanma izin belgesi alınması zorunludur. Günümüzde yapı ruhsatı süreçleri genellikle iki boyutlu (2B) proje dosyaları veya kâğıt çıktıları kullanılarak manuel olarak gerçekleştirilmektedir. Diğer bir yandan yapının tamamlanmasıyla ortaya çıkan kat mülkiyeti kavramıyla parsel üzerindeki cins değişikliklerine istinaden ulusal kadastro veri tabanının da güncellenmesi gerekmektedir. Mevcut durumda mülkiyet haklarının ve fiziksel bileşenlerinin 2B grafikler ile tam olarak betimlenememesinden kaynaklanan problemler ortaya çıkabilmektedir. Bu bağlamda, çalışmada Türkiye’deki yapı ruhsat ve kat mülkiyeti süreçlerinin daha nitelikli hale getirilebilmesi için Yapı Bilgi Modellemesi (BIM) ve Coğrafi Bilgi Sistemleri (CBS) veri modellerinden faydalanılan bir iş çerçevesi önerisinde bulunulması amaçlanmıştır. İstanbul’daki ilçe belediyelerinin internet siteleri incelenerek yapı ruhsatı süreçlerinde dijital veri kullanımı ile ilgili değerlendirme yapılmıştır. Türkiye’de ileriye dönük olarak üretilecek planlama ve stratejilerde kullanılabilecek bulgular aktarılmıştır.
Supporting Institution
İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi
Project Number
MDK-2019-42092
References
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- Oldfield, J., Van Oosterom, P., Beetz, J. ve Krijnen, T. F. (2017). Working with open BIM standards to source legal spaces for a 3D cadastre. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, 6(11). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi6110351
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- T.C. Resmi Gazete. (2005). Kadastro Kanununda Değişiklik Yapılması Hakkında Kanun. Sayı: 25744.
- T.C. Resmi Gazete. (2017). Planlı Alanlar İmar Yönetmeliği. Sayı: 30113.
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Year 2021,
, 93 - 106, 01.08.2021
Doğuş Güler
,
Tahsin Yomralıoğlu
Project Number
MDK-2019-42092
References
- Aien, A., Kalantari, M., Rajabifard, A., Williamson, I. ve Bennett, R. (2013). Utilising data modelling to understand the structure of 3D cadastres. Journal of Spatial Science, 58(2), 215–234. https://doi.org/10.1080/14498596.2013.801330
- Alkan, M. ve Polat, Z. A. (2017). Design and development of LADM-based infrastructure for Turkey. Survey Review, 49(356), 370–385. https://doi.org/10.1080/00396265.2016.1180777
- Atazadeh, B., Kalantari, M., Rajabifard, A. ve Ho, S. (2017). Modelling building ownership boundaries within BIM environment: A case study in Victoria, Australia. Computers, Environment and Urban Systems, 61, 24–38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compenvurbsys.2016.09.001
- Atazadeh, B., Rajabifard, A., Zhang, Y. ve Barzegar, M. (2019). Querying 3D Cadastral Information from BIM Models. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, 8(8), 329. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi8080329
- Aydın, M. ve Yaman, H. (2018). Bina Enformasyonu Modellemesi (BIM) Tabanlı Bina Yönetmelik Uygunluk Kontrolü Literatürüne Genel Bir Bakış. Tasarım+ Kuram, 14(25), 59–77.
- Bakici, T., Almirall, E. ve Wareham, J. (2013). A Smart City Initiative: The Case of Barcelona. Journal of the Knowledge Economy, 4(2), 135–148. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13132-012-0084-9
- Biljecki, F ve Tauscher, H. (2019). Quality of BIM–GIS Conversion. ISPRS Ann. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci., IV-4/W8, 35–42. https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-annals-IV-4-W8-35-2019
- Biljecki, Filip, Stoter, J., Ledoux, H., Zlatanova, S. ve Çöltekin, A. (2015). Applications of 3D City Models: State of the Art Review. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, 4(4), 2842–2889. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi4042842
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- Commission of the European Communities. (2002). eEurope 2005: An information society for all.
- Commission of the European Communities. (2006). i2010 eGovernment Action Plan: Accelerating eGovernment in Europe for the Benefit of All.
- Deng, Y., Cheng, J. C. P. ve Anumba, C. (2016). Mapping between BIM and 3D GIS in different levels of detail using schema mediation and instance comparison. Automation in Construction, 67, 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2016.03.006
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- Ho, S., Rajabifard, A., Stoter, J. ve Kalantari, M. (2013). Legal barriers to 3D cadastre implementation: What is the issue? Land Use Policy, 35, 379–387. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2013.06.010
- Kalogianni, E., van Oosteom, P., Dimopoulou, E. ve Lemmen, C. (2020). 3D Land Administration: A Review and a Future Vision in the Context of the Spatial Development Lifecycle. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, 9(2), 107. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi9020107
- Liu, X., Wang, X., Wright, G., Cheng, J., Li, X., Liu, R., Liu, X., Wang, X., Wright, G., Cheng, J. C. P., Li, X. ve Liu, R. (2017). A State-of-the-Art Review on the Integration of Building Information Modeling (BIM) and Geographic Information System (GIS). ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, 6(2), 53. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi6020053
- Macit İlal, S. ve Günaydın, H. M. (2017). Computer representation of building codes for automated compliance checking. Automation in Construction, 82, 43–58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2017.06.018
- Macke, J., Rubim Sarate, J. A. ve de Atayde Moschen, S. (2019). Smart sustainable cities evaluation and sense of community. Journal of Cleaner Production, 239. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.118103
- Malsane, S., Matthews, J., Lockley, S., Love, P. E. D. ve Greenwood, D. (2015). Development of an object model for automated compliance checking. Automation in Construction, 49(PA), 51–58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2014.10.004
- Meijer, F. ve Visscher, H. (2017). Quality control of constructions: European trends and developments. International Journal of Law in the Built Environment, 9(2), 143–161. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJLBE-02-2017-0003
- Meijer, F., Visscher, H. ve Sheridan, L. (2002). Building regulations in Europe. DUP Science.
- Mouloud, M., O., N. N. ve Ravi, S. (2019). Virtual Building Permitting Framework for the State of Florida: Data Collection and Analysis. Computing in Civil Engineering 2019, 328–335. https://doi.org/doi:10.1061/9780784482421.042
- Nawari, N. O. (2018). Building Information Modeling: Automated Code Checking and Compliance Processes. In Building Information Modeling (1st ed.). CRC Press. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781351200998
- NBC. (2018). National BIM Report. https://www.thenbs.com/-/media/uk/files/pdf/nbs-national-bim-report-2018.pdf?la=en
- Noardo, F., Ellul, C., Harrie, L., Overland, I., Shariat, M., Stoter, J. ve Arroyo Ohori, K. (2019). Opportunities and challenges for GeoBIM in Europe: developing a building permits use-case to raise awareness and examine technical interoperability challenges. Journal of Spatial Science, 1–25. https://doi.org/10.1080/14498596.2019.1627253
- Oldfield, J., Bergs, R., Van Oosterom, P., Krijnen, T. ve Galano, M. (2018). 3D Cadastral Lifecycle: An Information Delivery Manual ISO 29481 for 3D Data Extraction from the Building Permit Application Process. 7th International FIG Workshop on the Land Administration Domain Model, 153–170.
- Oldfield, J., Van Oosterom, P., Beetz, J. ve Krijnen, T. F. (2017). Working with open BIM standards to source legal spaces for a 3D cadastre. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, 6(11). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi6110351
- Olsson, P.-O., Axelsson, J., Hooper, M. ve Harrie, L. (2018). Automation of Building Permission by Integration of BIM and Geospatial Data. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, 7(8), 307. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi7080307
- Rajabifard, A. (2014). 3D Cadastres and Beyond. 4th International Workshop on 3D Cadastres.
- Rajabifard, A., Atazadeh, B. ve Kalantari, M. (2018). A critical evaluation of 3D spatial information models for managing legal arrangements of multi-owned developments in Victoria, Australia. International Journal of Geographical Information Science, 32(10), 2098–2122. https://doi.org/10.1080/13658816.2018.1484125
- Shahi, K., McCabe, B. Y. ve Shahi, A. (2019). Framework for Automated Model-Based e-Permitting System for Municipal Jurisdictions. Journal of Management in Engineering, 35(6), 04019025. https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)me.1943-5479.0000712
- T.C. Resmi Gazete. (1965). Kat Mülkiyeti Kanunu. Sayı: 12038.
- T.C. Resmi Gazete. (1985). İmar Kanunu. Sayı: 18749.
- T.C. Resmi Gazete. (1987). Kadastro Kanunu. Sayı: 19512.
- T.C. Resmi Gazete. (2001a). Türk Medeni Kanunu. Sayı: 24607.
- T.C. Resmi Gazete. (2001b). Yapı Denetimi Hakkında Kanun. Sayı: 24461.
- T.C. Resmi Gazete. (2005). Kadastro Kanununda Değişiklik Yapılması Hakkında Kanun. Sayı: 25744.
- T.C. Resmi Gazete. (2017). Planlı Alanlar İmar Yönetmeliği. Sayı: 30113.
- T.C. Resmi Gazete. (2018). Cumhurbaşkanlığı Teşkilatı Hakkında Cumhurbaşkanlığı Kararnamesi. Sayı: 30474.
- T.C. Ulaştırma ve Altyapı Bakanlığı. (2016). 2016-2019 Ulusal e-Devlet Stratejisi ve Eylem Planı.
- Teicholz, P., Lee, G., Eastman, C. ve Sachs, R. (2018). BIM Handbook: A Guide to Building Information Modeling for Owners, Designers, Engineers, Contractors, and Facility Managers (3rd ed.). John Wiley ve Sons, Inc.
- Tekin, H. ve Atabay, Ş. (2019). Building information modelling roadmap strategy for Turkish construction sector. Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Municipal Engineer, 172(3), 145–156. https://doi.org/10.1680/jmuen.17.00001
- United Nations. (2018). E-Government Surveys. https://publicadministration.un.org/en/research/un-e-government-surveys
- Williamson, I., Rajabifard, A., Wallace, J. ve Bennett, R. (2011). Spatially Enabled Society. FIG Working Week 2011.