Research Article

Identification Tharais: Rediscovering a Byzantine Archaeological Site on the Madaba Mosaic Map

Volume: 29 May 11, 2025
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Identification Tharais: Rediscovering a Byzantine Archaeological Site on the Madaba Mosaic Map

Abstract

This study delves into the archaeological site of Tharais, which is referenced in the famous Madaba mosaic map. and dates back to the Byzantine era. Our goal is to determine the exact location of this ancient settlement by carefully examining the available literature. It includes archaeological reports, maps, and historical records. Fieldwork was conducted in the western extension of Karak Governorate in Jordan between 2021 to 2024. Our investigations successfully identified Tharais in the northwestern region of the town of El-ʿIrāq, located on Karak plateau, historically known as the land of Moab. Archaeological remnants characteristic of the Byzantine period has been excavated in this area, including pottery shards, stone implements, and architectural remains. This discovery of Tharais significantly enhances our understanding of the history and cultural structure of the region during the Byzantine period. The site’s strategic position on the trade corridor linking Moabite plateau to the south-eastern Dead Sea region hints at its prominence as a commercial and religious hub. To fully grasp the specific roles and historical context of Tharais within the Byzantine period, further archaeological exploration is imperative. In conclusion, this research not only illuminates a specific archaeological site but also aligns with the broader endeavor to safeguard and protect Jordan’s cultural legacy.

Keywords

Thanks

This work was partially supported by the Scientific Research Committee at Mutah University (Decision No. 891/2024). The author is deeply indebted to Dr. Fadi Balʿawi, Director General of the Department of Antiquities of Jordan, for providing the necessary permissions. Special thanks are extended to Mr. Aktham Al-Abadi, Director of Excavations, and Mr. Khaled Al-Tarawneh, Director of the Department of Antiquities in Al-Karak. Finally, the author would like to express profound gratitude to Dr. Khaled Al-Mawajdah and Mr. Ahmed Al-Mawajdeh from the local community for their invaluable contributions.

References

  1. Abu Khait, D. 2000. “Architectural Forms Executed in Mosaic in the Churches of Jordan from the 5th to the 7th Century A.D.” Master’s Thesis. Institute of Archaeology and Anthropology, Yarmouk University. (In Arabic).
  2. Al-Rawahneh, M. R. – Elboj, G. F. 2022a. “A New Byzantine Inscriptions from Khirbet Al-Nasraniyyah (Al-Tafilah Governorate; Southern Jordan).” ZPE 222: 144-148.
  3. Al-Rawahneh, M. R. – Elboj, G. F. 2022b. “Two New Byzantine Inscriptions from El‐ʿAynūn (Kerak Governorate; Southern Jordan).” Arabian Archaeology and Epigraphy 33/1: 196- 201.
  4. Al-Rawahneh, M. R. – Elboj, G. F. 2022c. “A New Byzantine funerary inscription from Zoara (Ghor es-Safi; Southern Jordan).” Syria 99: 311-316.
  5. Al-Rawahneh, M. R. – Elboj, G. F. 2024. “Nine New Byzantine Funerary Inscriptions from El-cIrâq (Southern Jordan).” Palestine Exploration Quarterly 156/3: 221-240.
  6. Al-Rawahneh, M. R. – de Varax, A. 2023. “New Byzantine inscriptions from the Land of Moab.” Arabian Archaeology and Epigraphy 34/1: 194-201.
  7. Al-Rawahneh, M. R. 2025. “Byzantine Epitaphs: Unearthing New Sources of Christian Socio-Religious Landscape from Southeastern Al-Karak Plateau (Southern Jordan)”. NEA 88/1 :70-77.
  8. Alt, A. 1937. “Zum römischen Straßennetz in der Moabitis.” ZPalV 60: 240- 244.

Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Greek and Roman Period Archeology , Classical Greek and Roman History

Journal Section

Research Article

Publication Date

May 11, 2025

Submission Date

September 26, 2024

Acceptance Date

December 16, 2024

Published in Issue

Year 2025 Volume: 29

APA
Al-rawahneh, M. (2025). Identification Tharais: Rediscovering a Byzantine Archaeological Site on the Madaba Mosaic Map. Gephyra, 29, 189-203. https://doi.org/10.37095/gephyra.1556742
AMA
1.Al-rawahneh M. Identification Tharais: Rediscovering a Byzantine Archaeological Site on the Madaba Mosaic Map. GEPHYRA. 2025;29:189-203. doi:10.37095/gephyra.1556742
Chicago
Al-rawahneh, Musallam. 2025. “Identification Tharais: Rediscovering a Byzantine Archaeological Site on the Madaba Mosaic Map”. Gephyra 29 (May): 189-203. https://doi.org/10.37095/gephyra.1556742.
EndNote
Al-rawahneh M (May 1, 2025) Identification Tharais: Rediscovering a Byzantine Archaeological Site on the Madaba Mosaic Map. Gephyra 29 189–203.
IEEE
[1]M. Al-rawahneh, “Identification Tharais: Rediscovering a Byzantine Archaeological Site on the Madaba Mosaic Map”, GEPHYRA, vol. 29, pp. 189–203, May 2025, doi: 10.37095/gephyra.1556742.
ISNAD
Al-rawahneh, Musallam. “Identification Tharais: Rediscovering a Byzantine Archaeological Site on the Madaba Mosaic Map”. Gephyra 29 (May 1, 2025): 189-203. https://doi.org/10.37095/gephyra.1556742.
JAMA
1.Al-rawahneh M. Identification Tharais: Rediscovering a Byzantine Archaeological Site on the Madaba Mosaic Map. GEPHYRA. 2025;29:189–203.
MLA
Al-rawahneh, Musallam. “Identification Tharais: Rediscovering a Byzantine Archaeological Site on the Madaba Mosaic Map”. Gephyra, vol. 29, May 2025, pp. 189-03, doi:10.37095/gephyra.1556742.
Vancouver
1.Musallam Al-rawahneh. Identification Tharais: Rediscovering a Byzantine Archaeological Site on the Madaba Mosaic Map. GEPHYRA. 2025 May 1;29:189-203. doi:10.37095/gephyra.1556742