On the Inscriptions at the Temple of Zeus in Labraunda. With a Note on the Seleucid Correspondence at the Temple of Athena in Heraclea at Latmus

Abstract

The article offers comments on inscriptions at two temples in Asia Minor: It argues that the letter of Seleukos II at the temple of Zeus in Labraunda was carved on the anta of the temple still in the time of the priest Korris and thus before all other inscriptions pertaining to the Olympichos dossier and that it was not, as previously assumed, displayed on one of the antae of the opisthodomos. The other documents of the Olympichos dossier could be understood as Mylasa’s counternarrative to Seleukos’ letter, which, under certain premises, seems to have favored Korris’ position in the dispute between Mylasa and Labraunda. In the case of the temple of Athena in Heraclea at Latmus, the presumed lacuna in the Seleucid correspondence is discussed. The architectural context of the surviving ashlars of the northern anta suggests a greater loss of text in Zeuxis’ letter than had previously been supposed.

Keywords

• Labraunda
• Heraclea at Latmus
• Seleukos II
• Antiochos III
• Olympichos
• Zeuxis
• inscriptions on temples

Labraunda Zeus Tapınağı’ndaki Yazıtlar Üzerine. Latmos’taki Herakleia Athena Tapınağı’ndaki Seleukos Yazışmaları Hakkında Bir Notla Birlikte

Öz

Makale, Küçük Asya’daki iki tapınakta bulunan yazıtlar hakkında yorumlar sunmaktadır: II. Seleukos’un Labraunda’daki Zeus Tapınağı’nda bulunan mektubunun tapınağın anta kısmında, henüz rahip Korris zamanında ve dolayısıyla Olympikhos dosyasına ait diğer tüm yazıtlardan önce kazındığını ve daha önce varsayıldığı gibi opisthodomos anta’larından birine kazınmadığını savunmaktadır. Olympikhos dosyasının diğer belgeleri, Mylasa’nın Seleukos’un mektubuna karşı yazdığı karşıt yazılar olarak anlaşılabilir; bu yazılar, bazı öncüller altında, Mylasa ve Labraunda arasındaki anlaşmazlıkta Korris’in pozisyonunu desteklemiş gibi görünmektedir. Latmos’taki Heraklea Athena Tapınağı örneğinde, Seleukos dönemi yazışmalarındaki varsayılan boşluk tartışılmaktadır. Kuzey anta'nın günümüze ulaşan küllerinin mimari-tektonik bağlamı, Zeuksis’in mektubunda daha önce tahmin edilenden daha büyük bir metin kaybı olduğunu düşündürmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Labraunda
• Latmos Herakleia’sı
• II. Seleukos
• Olympikhos
• III. Antiokhos
• Zeuksis
• tapınak yazıtları

Zu den Inschriften am Zeustempel in Labraunda. Mit einer Notiz zur seleukidischen Korrespondenz am Tempel der Athena in Herakleia am Latmos

Öz

The article offers comments on inscriptions at two temples in Asia Minor: It argues that the letter of Seleukos II at the temple of Zeus in Labraunda was carved on the anta of the temple still in the time of the priest Korris and thus before all other inscriptions pertaining to the Olympichos dossier and that it was not, as previously assumed, displayed on one of the antae of the opisthodomos. The other documents of the Olympichos dossier could be understood as Mylasa’s counternarrative to Seleukos’ letter, which, under certain premises, seems to have favored Korris’ position in the dispute between Mylasa and Labraunda. In the case of the temple of Athena in Heraclea at Latmus, the presumed lacuna in the Seleucid correspondence is discussed. The architectural context of the surviving ashlars of the northern anta suggests a greater loss of text in Zeuxis’ letter than had previously been supposed.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Labraunda
• Heraclea at Latmus
• Seleukos II
• Antiochos III
• Olympichos
• Zeuxis
• inscriptions on temples

References

1. Ameling, W. 1987. “Antiochos III., Herakleia am Latmos und Rom.” EA 10: 19-40.
2. Aubriet, D. – Henry, O. 2015. “Le territoire de Mylasa et le serment d’Olympichos: Autour d’une nouvelle inscription découverte au sanctuaire de Zeus Labraundos en Carie.” CRAI 159: 673-702.
3. Baran, A. 2009. “Karian Architecture Before the Hekatomnids.” In: F. Rumscheid (ed.), Die Karer und die Anderen: Internationales Kolloquium an der Freien Universität Berlin, 13. bis 15. Oktober 2005. Bonn: Habelt, 291-313.
4. Brize, Ph. – Schulz, Th. – Söğüt, B. 2023. “Neue Überlegungen zur Anbringung der Inschriften am Hekate-Tempel von Lagina.” AA: 1-56.
5. Carless Unwin, N. – Henry, O. 2016. “A New Olympichos Inscriptions from Labraunda.” EA 49: 27-45.
6. Debord, P. 1969. “Sur les inscriptions de la période d’Olympichos à Labraunda.” REA 71: 383-389.
7. De Sanctis, G. 1921/1922. “Una lettera degli Scipioni.” AAT 57: 242-249.
8. De Sanctis, G. 1976. Scritti minori IV: 1920-1930. Storia e Letteratura – Raccolta di Studi e Testi 123. Rom: Edizione di Storia e Letteratura.

9. Dignas, B. 2002. Economy of the Sacred in Hellenistic and Roman Asia Minor. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
10. Haussoullier, B. 1899. “Inscriptions d’Héraclée du Latmos.” RPh 23: 274-292.
11. Hellström, P. 1991. “The Architectural Layout of Hekatomnid Labraunda.” RA: 297-308.
12. Hellström, P. 2007. Labraunda: A Guide to the Karian Sancturary of Zeus Labraundos. Istanbul: Ege Yayınları.
13. Hellström, P. – Blid, J. 2019. The Andrones. Labraunda V. Stockholm: Svenska Forskningsinstitutet i Istanbul.
14. Hellström, P. – Blid, J. 2021. “Anta Construction and Design in Hekatomnid Labraunda.” In: P. Pedersen – B. Poulsen – J. Lund (edd.), Karia and the Dodekanese: Cultural Interrelations in the Southeast Aegean. Oxford/Philadelphia: Oxbow, 107-119.
15. Hellström P. – Thieme, Th. 1982. The Temple of Zeus. Labraunda I 3. Stockholm: Svenska Forskningsinstitutet i Istanbul.
16. Holleaux, M. 1924. “La lettera degli Scipioni agli abitanti di Colofone a mare.” RFIC 52: 29-44.
17. Hula E. – Szanto, E. 1895. Bericht über eine Reise in Karien. Wien: Tempsky.
18. Isager, S. 2011. “The Epigraphic Tradition at Labraunda seen in the Light of Labraunda Inscription no. 134: A Recent Addition to the Olympichos File.” In: L. Karlsson – S. Carlsson (edd.), Labraunda and Karia: Proceedings of the International Symposium Commemorating Sixty Years of Swedish Archaeological Work in Labraunda. Uppsala: Uppsala Universitet, 199-216.
19. Jeppesen, K. 1955. The Propylaea. Labraunda I 1. Lund: Gleerup.
20. Karlsson, L. 2013. “Combining Architectural Orders at Labraunda: A Political Statement.” In: O. Henry (ed.), 4th Century Karia: Defining a Karian Identity under the Hekatomnids. Varia Anatolica 28. Paris: De Boccard, 65-80.
21. Koenigs, W. 2015. Der Athenatempel von Priene. AF 33/Priene 3. Wiesbaden: Reichert.
22. Opitz, K. 2017. “Two Cities – One Goddess? The Transfer of Ancient Cities in the Hellenistic Period and the Reinterpretation of Older Cults: The Example of Heracleia under Latmus.” In: E. Mortensen – B. Poulsen (edd.), Cityscapes and Monuments of Western Asia Minor: Memories and Identities. Oxford/Philadelphia: Oxbow, 187-204.
23. Peschlow-Bindokat, A. 1977. “Herakleia am Latmos: Vorläufiger Bericht über die Arbeiten in den Jahren 1974 und 1975.” AA: 90-104.
24. Peschlow-Bindokat, A. 2005. Herakleia am Latmos: Stadt und Umgebung. Homer Archaeological Studies 3. Istanbul: Homer Kitabevi.
25. Piejko, F. 1990. “To the Inscriptions of Labraunda.” Opuscula (SIAR) 18: 133-156.
26. Posamentir, R. 2020. “Latmos Herakleiasi. Heracleia under Latmus.” In: A. Belgin-Henry – O. Henry (edd.), Karialılar: Denizcilerden kent kuruculara. The Carians: From Seafarers to City Builders. Istanbul: Yapi Kredi Yayinlari, 446-465.
27. Robert, L. 1977. “Documents d’Asie Mineure.” BCH 101: 43-132.
28. Robert, L. 1978. “Documents d’Asie Mineure.” BCH 102: 395-543.
29. Roels, E. 2018. “The Queen of Inscriptions Contextualized: The Presence of Civic Inscriptions in the Pronaos of Ancient Temples in Hellenistic and Roman Asia Minor (Fourth Century BCE–Second Century CE).” In: E. M. van Opstall (ed.), Sacred Thresholds: The Door to the Sanctuary in Late Antiquity. Religions in the Graeco-Roman World 185. Leiden/Boston: Brill, 221-253.
30. Rumscheid, F. 1994. Untersuchungen zur kleinasiatischen Bauornamentik des Hellenismus. Beiträge zur Erschließung hellenistischer und kaiserzeitlicher Skulptur und Architektur 14. Mainz: Von Zabern.
31. Schrader H. – Wiegand, Th. 1904. Priene: Ergebnisse der Ausgrabungen und Untersuchungen in den Jahren 1895–1898. Berlin: Reimer.
32. Sitz, A. M. 2023. Pagan Inscriptions, Christian Viewers: The Afterlives of Temples and Their Texts in the Late Antique Eastern Mediterranean. New York: Oxford University Press.
33. Şahin, S. 1987. “Epigraphica Asiae Minoris neglecta et iacentia.” EA 9: 47-72.
34. Thieme, Th. 1993. “The Architectural Remains of Archaic Labraunda.” In: J. des Courtils – J. Ch. Moretti (edd.), Les grands ateliers d’architecture dans le monde egeen du VIe siècle av. J.-C.: Actes du colloque d’Istanbul, 23-25 mai 1991. Varia Anatolica 3. Paris: De Boccard, 47-55.
35. Van Bremen, R. 2010. “The Inscribed Documents on the Temple of Hekate at Lagina and the Date and Meaning of the Temple Frieze.” In: ead. – J.-M. Carbon (edd.), Hellenistic Karia: Proceedings of the First International Conference on Hellenistic Karia, Oxford, 29 June–2 July 2006. Ausonius éditions – Études 28. Pessac: Ausonius, 483-504.
36. Van Bremen, R. 2016. “Olympichos and Mylasa: A New Inscription from the Temple of Zeus Osogō?” EA 49: 1-26.
37. Virgilio, B. 2001. “Roi, ville et temple dans les inscriptions de Labraunda.” REA 103: 429-442.
38. Westholm, A. 1963. The Architecture of the Hieron. Labraunda I 2. Lund: Gleerup.
39. Williamson, Chr. G. 2021. Urban Rituals in Sacred Landscapes in Hellenistic Asia Minor. Religions in the Graeco-Roman World 196. Leiden/Boston: Brill.
40. Wörrle, M. 1988. “Inschriften von Herakleia am Latmos I: Antiochos III., Zeuxis und Herakleia.” Chiron 18: 421-470.
41. Wörrle, M. 1990. “Inschriften von Herakleia am Latmos II: Das Priestertum der Athena Latmia.” Chiron 20: 19-50.