Research Article

Phaselis in the Mithradatic–Pirate Nexus

Volume: 30 November 11, 2025
EN TR

Phaselis in the Mithradatic–Pirate Nexus

Abstract

This paper reassesses the role of Phaselis in the First Mithradatic War through a newly discovered inscription honouring King Mithradates VI Eupator. Found in what is called today the “South Harbour Trade Centre” and dated to 89-85 BC, the text offers the first epigraphic evidence of Mithradatic presence in the city, confirming its integration into Pontic–pirate alliances active along the eastern Lycian and western Pamphylian coasts. Drawing on literary and epigraphic sources, the study situates Phaselis within the contested maritime frontier where local powers, pirates, and Pontic forces resisted Roman authority. Although the city’s strategic harbours facilitated this co-operation for a while, it was besieged and punished by the Roman counterattack under Servilius Vatia (78-74 BC) and lost its territory for a while.

Keywords

Project Number

CK010712(2025)

Ethical Statement

The excavation and research activities at the ancient city of Phaselis [Project Number CK010712(2025)] were carried out on behalf of Selçuk University by the excavation director, Prof. Dr. Erdoğan Aslan, under the authorisation of Presidential Decree No. 8883 dated 29.08.2024 and excavation permit No. 6184746 dated 06.01.2025 issued by the General Directorate of Cultural Heritage and Museums, Ministry of Culture and Tourism of the Republic of Türkiye.

Thanks

I wish to express my profound gratitude to Prof. Dr. Erdoğan Aslan for kindly granting permission, and Prof. Dr. Fatih Onur for his encouragement to pursue the study of this inscription. I am also deeply thankful to Prof. Dr. Denis Rousset for his invaluable comments and insightful suggestions. Furthermore, I would like to extend my sincere thanks to the anonymous reviewers of this article for their careful reading and constructive feedback. Finally, I thank T. M. P. Duggan for polishing the English of this article.

References

  1. Adak, M. 2004. “Lokalisierung von Olympos und Korykos in Ostlykien.” Gephyra 1: 27-51.
  2. Arslan, M. 2002. “Birinci Mithradates-Roma Savaşı: Rhodos ve Lykia’nın Durumuna Genel Bakış.” in: S. Şahin – M. Adak (edd.), Likya İncelemeleri I, Istanbul: Arkeoloji ve Sanat Yayınları, 115-128.
  3. Arslan, M. 2003a. “Piracy on the Southern Coast of Asia Minor and Mithridates Eupator.” Olba 8: 195-212.
  4. Arslan, M. 2003b. “İ.Ö. 188 Yılından İ.Ö. 67 yılına Kadar Lykia, Pamphylia ve Kilikia Trakheia Sahillerindeki Korsanlık Faaliyetleri: Nedenleri ve Sonuçları.” Adalya 6: 91-118.

Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Latin and Classical Greek Languages , Classical Greek and Roman History

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Publication Date

November 11, 2025

Submission Date

September 8, 2025

Acceptance Date

October 1, 2025

Published in Issue

Year 2025 Volume: 30

APA
Avcu, F. (2025). Phaselis in the Mithradatic–Pirate Nexus. Gephyra, 30, 135-142. https://doi.org/10.37095/gephyra.1780059
AMA
1.Avcu F. Phaselis in the Mithradatic–Pirate Nexus. GEPHYRA. 2025;30:135-142. doi:10.37095/gephyra.1780059
Chicago
Avcu, Fatma. 2025. “Phaselis in the Mithradatic–Pirate Nexus”. Gephyra 30 (November): 135-42. https://doi.org/10.37095/gephyra.1780059.
EndNote
Avcu F (November 1, 2025) Phaselis in the Mithradatic–Pirate Nexus. Gephyra 30 135–142.
IEEE
[1]F. Avcu, “Phaselis in the Mithradatic–Pirate Nexus”, GEPHYRA, vol. 30, pp. 135–142, Nov. 2025, doi: 10.37095/gephyra.1780059.
ISNAD
Avcu, Fatma. “Phaselis in the Mithradatic–Pirate Nexus”. Gephyra 30 (November 1, 2025): 135-142. https://doi.org/10.37095/gephyra.1780059.
JAMA
1.Avcu F. Phaselis in the Mithradatic–Pirate Nexus. GEPHYRA. 2025;30:135–142.
MLA
Avcu, Fatma. “Phaselis in the Mithradatic–Pirate Nexus”. Gephyra, vol. 30, Nov. 2025, pp. 135-42, doi:10.37095/gephyra.1780059.
Vancouver
1.Fatma Avcu. Phaselis in the Mithradatic–Pirate Nexus. GEPHYRA. 2025 Nov. 1;30:135-42. doi:10.37095/gephyra.1780059