The Gerousia of Akmonia

Year 2013, Volume: 10, 13 - 31, 15.05.2013

Nikos Giannakopoulos

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the information on the
institution of the Gerousia provided by three inscriptions from Akmonia,
meticulously published by Ender Varinlioğlu in REA (108) 2006. The decree for
Demades (64 AD) was introduced by the proegoros of the body and this post
testifies to the complex nature of the Gerousia's legal and financial affairs.
Moreover, the award of the asymbolos status to a new member chosen exclusively
by Demades (the freedman Karpos), is the first undisputed proof that the
Gerousia imposed regular contributions to its own members. Although we cannot
be sure whether this decree was passed by the Gerousia itself or by the Council
and the Assembly in response to a Gerousia's initiative, the ratification of
Demades' choice by vote illustrates a carefully articulated scheme which sought
to integrate a prominent individual's supremacy into the exigencies of the
collective impersonal principles governing the function of Greek civic bodies
and associations. A contemporary decree dated to 68 AD informs us that Demades
son of Dionysogenes erected a group of three statues standing on the city gate
which represented the Polis, the Demos and the Gerousia. The absence of the
Council in this scheme suggests that, when it came to the symbolical
representation of Akmonia's political community, civic hierarchy was flexible
enough to allow the Gerousia to occupy a more prominent place. The Gerousia's
public significance in Akmonia is further highlighted by the body's involvement
in the pandemon decree for the Roman officer L. Egnatius Quartus dated to 2nd or
the 3rd century AD. The same man had been previously honoured
solely by the Council and the People but, when it was decided to award him the
highly esteemed titles of ktistes and euergetes, the participation of the
Gerousia was judged indispensable.

Keywords

Akmonia, Gerousia, civic bodies, Demades, L. Egnatius Quartus

Akmonia Gerusia'sı

Abstract

Makalede Akmonia'dan ele geçen ve 2006 yılında Ender Varinlioğlu
tarafından yayımlanan üç yazıt aracı­­lığıyla Gerousia kurumu incelenmektedir.
Demades kararnamesi (İ.S. 64), yazıtın içerisinde geçen ifa­de­ye göre
halkın proegoros'u (avukat) tarafından takdim edilmektedir.
Bu proegoros mevkii Ge­rou­sia'nın adli ve mali meselelerinin
çapraşık doğasını ortaya sermektedir. Ayrıca, özellikle Demades (Azat­lı
Karpos) tarafından seçilen yeni bir üyeye verilecek asymbolos statüsü
ödülü, Gerousia'nın kendi üye­lerine düzenli destek verdiğinin ilk tartışmasız
delilidir. Bu kararnamenin Gerousia'nın kendisi tara­fın­dan mı ya da
Gerousia'nın girişimine cevaben danışma ve halk meclisleri tarafından mı yasan­dığın­dan
emin değiliz. Fakat Demades'in ödül için üye seçiminin oylamayla tasdiklenmesi,
özenle dile ge­ti­ril­­miş bir tasarıyı resmetmektedir. Bu tasarı Yunan sivil
toplumlarının ve birliklerinin işleyişini sağ­layan ortak gayrı-şahsi ilkelerin
gereklerine, önde gelen bir bireyin yetki kullanımının entegre edil­me­sini
amaç­­lamaktadır. Aynı dönemlerden, İ.S. 68 yılına tarihlenen bir kararname
Dionysogenes'in oğlu Dema­des'in kent kapısı önünde Polis, Demos ve Gerousia'yı
betimleyen üçlü bir heykel grubu dik­tirdiği hakkında bilgi vermektedir.
Boule'nin bu grup içerisinde bulunmayışı, Akmonia'nın politik bir­liğinin
sembolik gösterimi söz konusu olduğunda, sivil hiyerarşinin Gerousia'nın daha
önemli bir yer tuttuğunu vurgulayabilecek kadar esnek olduğu ile ilgili
olabilir. Akmonia'da Gerousia'nın halk içeri­sindeki önemini, İ.S. 2. ya da 3.
yy.'a tarihlenen ve Roma subayı L. Egnatius Quartus için çıkarılan pan­­demon kararnamesindeki
halk müdahalesi öne çıkarmaktadır. Aynı kişi daha önceleri sadece Danış­ma ve
Halk meclisleri tarafından onurlandırılmışken, ona daha üst derecede itibarı
olan ktistes ve eu­er­getes unvanları
verilmek istendiğinde Gerousia'nın da iştiraki gerekli olmuştur.

Keywords

Akmonia, Gerousia, kent organları, Demades, L. Egnatius Quartus

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