19. yüzyıla kadar Küçük Asya’daki erken dönem antika meraklıları hakkında

Year 2019, Volume: 17, 115 - 167, 15.05.2019

Terrance Michael Patrick Duggan

https://doi.org/10.37095/gephyra.505338

Cited By: 3

Abstract

Bu
yazı 1400 yılından 1800 yılına kadarki dönem ile, şüphesiz başka isimler de
mevcut olmak üzere, antik metinlerin transkripsiyonlarını da yapmış olan 60’tan
fazla Avrupalı’nın antik eserlere yönelik etkinliklerini kapsamaktadır. Hikâye
ayrıca, onların malzemeyi bulan ve zaman za­man da yazıtların Küçük Asya’dan
götürülmesini sağlayan aracılarını, Osmanlı tanıdıklarını, rehberlerini,
köylüleri ve Yunan rahiplerini de içermektedir. Aynı zamanda, bununla
bağlantılı olarak bu antika meraklıları tarafından “mermer”, antik elyazmaları,
madalyonlar-sikkeler, yazılı değerli taşlar ve diğer yazılı materyallerin
toplanması da konuya dahil edilmiştir. Bu malzemelerin bir kısmı Küçük Asya’dan
alındığında taşıma esnasında denizde kaybolurken, bazı antik ya­zıtlar da hasar
görmüş, Avrupa’daki savaşlar esnasında kaybolmuş ya da yok edilmiştir.
Yazıtlara ilişkin en erken çalışmalar Ciriaco de Pizzicolli’nin 15. yüzyıldaki
transkripsiyonları ve Pierre Belon tarafından 1546-9 yılları arasında yapılan
birkaç yazıt transkripsiyonudur. Fakat Avrupalı akademisyenler Küçük Asya’daki
günümüze ulaşan antik epigrafik belgelerin önemini, Agria (Eger) Piskopos’u
Antonius Verantius’un Res Gestae Divi Augusti transkripsiyonu, aynı yazıtın
1555 yılında Busbecq’in Ankara’daki hizmetkârları tarafından yapılan kopyasının
yayılması ve bunun 1579 yılından itibaren sürekli yayımlanması sonrasında
kavramışlardır. 17. yüzyılın başlarından itibaren sayısı gittikçe artan Avrupalı
antika meraklıları, büyük kısmı Troas, Ege’nin kı­yı bölgeleri ve Küçük Asya’nın
temel ticaret yolları boyunca görülebilen yazıtların kayıt altına al­ma
görevini de üstlenmişlerdir. Söz konusu antik yazıtlara dair kayıtlı Osmanlı
görüşlerinin çe­şitliliği, yapılan transkripsiyonlar, bu yazıtların zaman zaman
berat sahibi Avrupalılarca götürül­meleri; metindeki ya da metnin
kontekstindeki sorun, matbu baskı ile birlikte gelen yazıt yayınında oluşan
durumlar; epigrafik estampajlardan önceki yüzyıllarda transkripsiyonu
gerçekleştirilen yazıtlarda görülen uydurmalar ve hatalara dair bazı örnekler
dikkate alınmıştır.

Keywords

Asia Minor, antik yazıtlar, kolleksiyon, Osmanlı berat sahipleri, transkripsiyonlar

On early antiquarians in Asia Minor to the start of the 19th century

Abstract

This
paper covers a period of 400 years, from 1400 to 1800, and the antiquarian
activities of more than 60 named Europeans, there are doubtless others, who
were involved in transcribing, and at times, through their agents and Ottoman
associates, guides, villagers and Greek priests, those who related the position
and at times enabled the physical removal of ancient inscriptions from Asia
Minor; as well as the associated antiquarian collecting of “marbles,” ancient
manuscripts, medals-coins, inscribed gem-stones and other inscription bearing
materials. Some of this material was lost at sea, while some ancient
inscriptions brought from Asia Minor were da­maged, lost or destroyed in
warfare in Europe. Following Ciriaco de Pizzicolli’s transcriptions in the 15^th
c. and the few inscriptions transcribed by Pierre Belon in 1546-9, it seems to
have been the Bishop of Agria (Eger), Antonius Verantius’s
transcription of the Res Gestae Divi Augusti and the copy made by Busbecq’s servants in Ankara in 1555 which, when
circulated and then published, underlined to European scholars the importance
of the surviving ancient epigraphic record in Asia Minor. From the start
of the 17^th c. an increasing number of educated European
antiquarians undertook the recording of the surviving visible inscriptions,
largely in coastal re­gions and along the major trade routes of Asia Minor.
Note is taken of the variety of recorded Ottoman views concerning these ancient
inscriptions, of their transcription and, at times, their removal by European berat holders; together with some
examples of the inaccuracies of the transcriptions of inscriptions that were
made.

Keywords

Asia Minor, Ancient inscriptions, collecting, Ottoman berat holders, transcriptions

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