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İmparatorluk Dönemi Küçük Asya'sında Senatörlere Ait Mülkler - Sorunun Durumu, Metodolojik Sorunlar ve Gelecekteki Araştırmalara İlişkin Perspektifler

Year 2023, Volume: 26, 169 - 196, 12.11.2023
https://doi.org/10.37095/gephyra.1356511

Abstract

Genç Plinius'un da vurguladığı gibi (epist. 3,19,8), imparatorluk döneminde Romalı senatörlerin servet ve mülkleri ağırlıklı olarak toprak mülkiyetinden oluşuyordu. Senatoryal toprak mülkiyetinin yeri ve bazen kapsamı hakkında bize bilgi veren esas olarak epigrafik belgelerdir. Özellikle Küçük Asya'da, Helmut Halfmann'ın 1979'da bir kısmını derlediği çok sayıda kanıt vardır. O zamandan beri birçok yeni tanıklık keşfedildi ve yayınlandı. Bunun dışında, kökeni Küçük Asya'da olmayan senatörlerin toprak mülkiyetine ilişkin daha önce yayınlanmış kanıtlar da eklenebilir. Bununla birlikte, Küçük Asya'daki senatoryal toprak mülkiyetinin bir bütün olarak sistematik bir çalışması henüz mevcut değildir.
Bu makale böyle bir çalışmaya ön hazırlık niteliğindedir. Böylece Küçük Asya'daki senatoryal toprak mülkiyetinin kapsamı, dağılımı ve arka planı hakkında genel bir bakış sunuyorum. Bu mülkiyet nadiren Magnesia tapu sicilindeki kadar açık bir şekilde belirtilmiştir (I.Magnesia 122, c2). Genellikle sadece farklı yazıtların kombinasyonu senatoryal toprak sahiplerinin kimliğini doğrulamaktadır. Bu nedenle, bu tür bilgilerden nasıl güvenilir bulgular elde edilebileceğine dair metodolojik ilkeleri özetliyorum. Toprak mülkleri sahip değiştirebilir, senatoryal mülkler genellikle imparatorların mülkiyetine geçer ve bu konu çok daha iyi araştırılmıştır. Önemli sorular, bir aile içinde mülkiyetin devamlılığı ve mülkiyet değişikliklerinin koşullarıyla ilgilidir. Bu bağlamda, senatörlerin mülklerine nasıl sahip olduklarını da tartışıyorum. Özellikle Roma İmparatorluğu'nun diğer bölgelerinden gelen senatörler söz konusu olduğunda, Küçük Asya'da neden ve nasıl toprak mülkiyeti edindikleri sorusu ortaya çıkmaktadır.

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Senatorial Estates in Imperial Asia Minor – State of the Question, Methodological Issues and Perspectives on Future Research

Year 2023, Volume: 26, 169 - 196, 12.11.2023
https://doi.org/10.37095/gephyra.1356511

Abstract

The wealth and possessions of Roman senators in the imperial period consisted predominantly in land property, as emphasized by Pliny the Younger (epist. 3,19,8). It is mainly epigraphic documents that give us information about the location and sometimes extent of senatorial land ownership. Especially in Asia Minor there is plenty of evidence, of which Helmut Halfmann already compiled quite some in 1979. Since then many new testimonies have been discovered and published. Apart from that, further, earlier published evidence for the land ownership of senators whose origin was not in Asia Minor can be added. However, a systematic study of senatorial land ownership in Asia Minor as a whole is not yet at hand.
The paper provides prolegomena to such a study. I thus give an overview of the extent, distribution and background of senatorial land ownership in Asia Minor. Rarely is this property so clearly indicated as in the land register of Magnesia (I.Magnesia 122, c2). Usually only the combination of different inscriptions confirms the identification of senatorial landowners. Therefore, I outline methodological guidelines on how to obtain reliable findings from such information. Landed properties could change owners, senatorial estates often passed into the possession of the emperors, which is much better researched. Important questions relate to continuity of ownership within a family and to the circumstances of changes of possession. In this context, I also discuss how the senators came to their property. Especially in the case of senators from other parts of the Roman Empire, the question arises as to why and how they acquired landed property in Asia Minor.

Thanks

This paper originates from a talk given at the 16th International Congress of Greek and Latin Epigraphy (XVI Congressus Internationalis Epigraphiae Graecae et Latinae) in Bordeaux, in the section “Epigraphy and land ownership in the Roman world: overviews and methodological reflections for the 21st century” chaired by Alberto dalla Rosa and Davide Faoro to whom I would like to express my gratitude for the invitation and for discussing my propositions. I would also like to thank Ségolène Demougin for the helpful conversation after my talk and N. Eda Akyürek Şahin for inviting me to publish my paper in Gephyra.

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  • H. Halfmann, Die Senatoren aus dem östlichen Teil des Imperium Romanum bis zum Ende des 2. Jahrhunderts n. Chr. [Hypomnemata 58], Göttingen 1979.
  • H. Halfmann, Die Senatoren aus den kleinasiatischen Provinzen des Römischen Reiches vom 1. bis 3. Jahrhundert (Asia, Pontus-Bithynia, Lycia-Pamphylia, Galatia, Cappadocia, Cilicia), Atti del Colloquio Internazionale AIEGL su Epigrafia e Ordine Senatorio, Roma, 14 - 20 maggio 1981, Rome 1982, vol. II [Tituli 5], 603-650.
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  • P. Heather, Senators and Senates, CAH XIII, 1998, 184-210.
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  • F. Hinard, Les proscriptions de la Rome républicaine [Publications de l’École française de Rome 83], Rome 1985.
  • O. Hirschfeld, Die kaiserlichen Verwaltungsbeamten bis auf Diocletian, Berlin ²1905.
  • U. Huttner, Pagane Relikte in der Spätantike: Griechische Katasterinschriften als religionsgeschichtliche Quellen, in: C. Breytenbach – J. M. Ogereau (edd.), Authority and Identity in Emerging Christianities in Asia Minor and Greece, Leiden 2018, 3-32.
  • P. Jacobsthal, Die Arbeiten zu Pergamon 1906-1907, II: Die Inschriften, MDAI(A) 33, 1908, 375-420.
  • S. Jameson, Cornutus Tertullus and the Plancii of Perge, JRS 55, 1965, 54-58.
  • A. H. M. Jones, Census Records of the Later Roman Empire, JRS 43, 1953, 49-64.
  • D. Kehoe, Allocation of Risk and Investment on the Estates of Pliny the Younger, Chiron 18, 1988, 15-42.
  • F. Kirbihler, Die Italiker in Kleinasien, mit besonderer Berücksichtigung von Ephesos (133 v. Chr. – 1. Jh. n. Chr.), in: M. Meyer (ed.), Neue Zeiten – Neue Sitten. Zu Rezeption und Integration römischen und italischen Kulturguts in Kleinasien [Wiener Forschungen zur Archäologie 12], Vienna 2007, 19-35.
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  • A. Krieckhaus, Senatorische Familien und ihre patriae (1./2. Jahrhundert n. Chr.), Hamburg 2006.
  • G. Laminger-Pascher, Die kaiserzeitlichen Inschriften Lykaoniens, Faszikel I: Der Süden [Ergänzungsbände zu den Tituli Asiae Minoris 15], Vienna 1992.
  • B. Levick, Roman Colonies in Southern Asia Minor, Oxford 1967.
  • E. LoCascio, The Imperial Property and its Development, in: P. Erdkamp – K. Verboven – A. Zuiderhoek (edd.), Ownership and Exploitation of Land and Natural Resources in the Roman World, Oxford 2015, 62-70.
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There are 90 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Latin and Classical Greek Languages, Greek and Roman Period Archeology, Archaeology (Other), Classical Greek and Roman History
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Andreas Klingenberg 0000-0003-3388-9494

Publication Date November 12, 2023
Submission Date September 7, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 26

Cite

APA Klingenberg, A. (2023). Senatorial Estates in Imperial Asia Minor – State of the Question, Methodological Issues and Perspectives on Future Research. Gephyra, 26, 169-196. https://doi.org/10.37095/gephyra.1356511
AMA Klingenberg A. Senatorial Estates in Imperial Asia Minor – State of the Question, Methodological Issues and Perspectives on Future Research. GEPHYRA. November 2023;26:169-196. doi:10.37095/gephyra.1356511
Chicago Klingenberg, Andreas. “Senatorial Estates in Imperial Asia Minor – State of the Question, Methodological Issues and Perspectives on Future Research”. Gephyra 26, November (November 2023): 169-96. https://doi.org/10.37095/gephyra.1356511.
EndNote Klingenberg A (November 1, 2023) Senatorial Estates in Imperial Asia Minor – State of the Question, Methodological Issues and Perspectives on Future Research. Gephyra 26 169–196.
IEEE A. Klingenberg, “Senatorial Estates in Imperial Asia Minor – State of the Question, Methodological Issues and Perspectives on Future Research”, GEPHYRA, vol. 26, pp. 169–196, 2023, doi: 10.37095/gephyra.1356511.
ISNAD Klingenberg, Andreas. “Senatorial Estates in Imperial Asia Minor – State of the Question, Methodological Issues and Perspectives on Future Research”. Gephyra 26 (November 2023), 169-196. https://doi.org/10.37095/gephyra.1356511.
JAMA Klingenberg A. Senatorial Estates in Imperial Asia Minor – State of the Question, Methodological Issues and Perspectives on Future Research. GEPHYRA. 2023;26:169–196.
MLA Klingenberg, Andreas. “Senatorial Estates in Imperial Asia Minor – State of the Question, Methodological Issues and Perspectives on Future Research”. Gephyra, vol. 26, 2023, pp. 169-96, doi:10.37095/gephyra.1356511.
Vancouver Klingenberg A. Senatorial Estates in Imperial Asia Minor – State of the Question, Methodological Issues and Perspectives on Future Research. GEPHYRA. 2023;26:169-96.