Hastanede Yatan Yaşlı Yetişkinlere Yönelik Yaşlı Dostu Bakım Modelleri

Year 2025, Volume: 8 Issue: 2, 174 - 181, 30.08.2025

Gamze Uğur , Büşra Kul , Zeliha Tülek

Abstract

Yaşlanan nüfus tüm dünyada özellikle hastanede yatan yaşlı yetişkinler bağlamında sağlık sistemleri için önemli zorluklar ortaya koymaktadır. Bu nüfus, birden fazla kronik durumun ve bilişsel bozuklukların karmaşık etkileşimi nedeniyle deliryum, fonksiyonel gerileme ve hastanede kalış süresinin uzaması gibi komplikasyonlar açısından yüksek risk altındadır.Bu nedenle hastanede yatan yaşlı yetişkinlerin ihtiyaçlarını karşılamak için özel olarak tasarlanmış bakım modelleri geliştirilmiştir.
Birincil amaç, kapsamlı bir değerlendirme yapmak ve ardından hem bilişsel hem de fiziksel işlevi korumayı ve geliştirmeyi
amaçlayan özel müdahalelerin uygulanmasıdır. Bu bakım modelleri, yaşlanma ve sık görülen geriatrik sendromlarla ilişkili fizyolojik
değişiklikleri ele almak için multidisipliner ve bütünsel bir yaklaşımın gerekliliğini vurgulamakta ve yaşlı yetişkinlerin tercihlerini ve
ihtiyaçlarını göz önünde bulundurarak kişiselleştirilmiş bakıma öncelik vermektedir. Bu bakım modellerinin tümünde yaşlı bireylerin
günlük bakımı, bilişsel ve fiziksel işlevlerinin desteklenmesi, deliryumun önlenmesi ve mobilitenin sağlanması konularındaki aktif
rolleriyle hemşirelere özel vurgu yapılmaktadır. Hemşireler, yaşlı dostu uygulamaların sahaya yansımasında temel profesyonellerdir.
Özellikle hemşirelerin uygulamalardaki aktif katılımı ve hasta merkezli bakımın benimsenmesi modellerin başarısını belirleyen temel
etmenlerdir. Bu derlemede, hastane ortamlarında yaşlı yetişkinlerin bakım sonuçlarını iyileştirmek için hedefe yönelik müdahalelerin,
disiplinler arası iş birliğinin ve destekleyici sağlık ortamlarının yaratılmasının kritik önemi vurgulanmaktadır. Bu makalede, hastanede
yatan yaşlı yetişkinlerde deliryum, işlevsel ve bilişsel bozulma ve uyku bozuklukları gibi sık karşılaşılan sorunları azaltmak amacıyla
geliştirilmiş olan bakım modellerinden literatürde en iyi tanımlanmış olanları ele alınacaktır: hastane yaşlı yaşam programı, yaşlılar
için akut bakım modeli, yaşlı dostu sağlık sistemleri ve sağlık sistemindeki yaşlılar için bakımı geliştiren hemşireler modeli.

Keywords

Yaşlılık , Hasta Merkezli Bakım , Hastanede Yatış , Hemşireler

Age-friendly Care Models for Hospitalized Elderly Adults

Abstract

The aging population presents significant challenges for healthcare systems worldwide, particularly in the context of hospitalized elderly adults. This population is at increased risk of complications such as delirium, functional decline, and prolonged hospital stays due to the complex interplay of multiple chronic conditions and cognitive impairments. Therefore, care models specifically designed to address the needs of hospitalized elderly adults have been developed. The primary objective is to conduct a comprehensive assessment followed by the implementation of tailored interventions aimed at preserving and enhancing both cognitive and physical function. These care models emphasize the need for a multidisciplinary and holistic approach to address the physiological changes associated with aging and common geriatric syndromes and prioritize personalized care by considering the preferences and needs of elderly adults. In all these care models, special emphasis is placed on nurses for their active roles in the daily care of elderly adults, supporting their cognitive and physical functions, preventing delirium, and ensuring mobility. Nurses are key professionals in the implementation of age-friendly practices in the field. In particular, the active participation of nurses in practices and the adoption of patient-centered care are key factors determining the success of the models. This review emphasizes the critical importance of targeted interventions, interdisciplinary collaboration, and the creation of supportive health environments to improve care outcomes for elderly adults in hospital settings. This article will discuss the most well-described models of care in the literature that have been developed to reduce common problems such as delirium, functional and cognitive impairment, and sleep disorders in hospitalized elder adults: the hospital elder life program, the acute care for the elderly model, the age-friendly health systems, and the nurses improving care for healthsystem elders model.

Keywords

Aged , Patient-centered Care , Hospitalization , Nurses , Delirium

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