GREEN EXTRACTION OF CAROTENOIDS FROM LEMON PEELS

Abstract

Nowadays, there is a growing interest in fully utilizing agro-industrial wastes, with carotenoids gaining attention as valuable coloring agents. One of the potential sources for carotenoid extraction is lemon peel. The purpose of this study was to determine optimal extraction techniques for extracting as much carotenoids as possible from lemon peel. In this context, a comparison was conducted among extracts obtained via conventional, ultrasound-assisted (UAE), and ultrasound-assisted enzymatic (UAEE) extraction methods. The highest carotenoid content (0.792±0.01 mg/L) was achieved with UAEE, while the lowest (0.493±0.01 mg/L) was obtained conventionally. UAEE exhibited the highest antioxidant activity values among three methods: 753.80±5.79 mg TE/L (ABTS), 624.64±10.52 mg TE/L (DPPH), and 186.64±1.66 μmol TE/L (FRAP). In conclusion, UAEE showed promise in extracting carotenoids from lemon peel. Thus, by carotenoid extraction using green technology from waste lemon peels, with higher added value, richer in terms of phenolic composition and antioxidant properties, has been obtained.

Keywords

• ultrasound
• enzyme
• extraction
• lemon peel

LİMON KABUKLARINDAN KAROTENOİDLERİN YEŞİL EKSTRAKSİYONU

Abstract

Günümüzde, tarım endüstrisi atıklarının tam olarak kullanımına olan ilgi giderek artmaktadır ve karotenoidler, değerli bir renklendirici ajan olarak dikkat çekmektedir. Karotenoid ekstraksiyonu için potansiyel kaynaklardan biri limon kabuğudur. Bu çalışma, limon kabuğundan maksimum miktarda karotenoid elde etmek için optimal ekstraksiyon prosedürlerini belirlemeyi amaçlamıştır. Bu bağlamda geleneksel, ultrason destekli (UAE) ve ultrason destekli enzimatik ekstraksiyon (UAEE) yöntemleri ile elde edilen ekstraktlar arasında kıyaslama yapılmıştır. En yüksek karotenoid içeriği (0.792±0.01 mg/L) UAEE ile elde edilirken, en düşük içerik (0.493±0.01 mg/L) geleneksel yöntem ile elde edilmiştir. En yüksek toplam fenolik madde miktarı (TPC) UAEE ile elde edilmiştir. Benzer şekilde, UAEE, üç yöntem arasında en yüksek antioksidan aktivite değerlerini sergilemiştir: 753.80±5.79 mg TE/L (ABTS), 624.64±10.52 mg TE/L (DPPH) ve 186.64±1.66 μmol TE/L (FRAP). Sonuç olarak, UAEE, karotenoidlerin ekstraksiyonu için umut vaat etmektedir. Dolayısıyla, atık limon kabuklarından yeşil teknoloji kullanılarak karotenoid ekstraksiyonu ile daha yüksek katma değerli, fenolik bileşim ve antioksidan özellikler açısından daha zengin bir ürün elde edilmiştir.

Keywords

• Ultrason
• enzim
• ekstraksiyon
• limon kabuğu

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