PARAPROBIOTICS AND POSTBIOTICS: APPLICATIONS IN FOOD AND PHARMACOLOGY

Abstract

In recent years, the probiotic product market has experienced rapid growth driven by the increasing consumer demand for functional products. Probiotics, defined as 'live microorganisms that have positive effects on host health when taken in sufficient amounts' are widely used in the production of functional foods. Studies have demonstrated that probiotic cells can provide beneficial health effects even when they are not active. The terms paraprobiotic and postbiotic have emerged as alternatives to probiotics, offering potential opportunities in the functional food market. Paraprobiotics are defined as non-living microbial cells that confer health benefits on the host when administered in sufficient quantities. To obtain paraprobiotics, the living cell must be inactivated while preserving its intact structure. Postbiotics are metabolic products secreted by beneficial microorganisms or low molecular weight soluble compounds released into the environment because of microbial cell lysis. Paraprobiotics and postbiotics, which are reported to possess beneficial properties such as antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anticarcinogenic, antiproliferative, and immunomodulatory effects, are applied in the food and pharmacology industries. This study evaluates the definitions of paraprobiotics and postbiotics, their uses in the food and pharmaceutical industries, and their effects on health.

Keywords

• paraprobiotic
• postbiotic
• food
• pharmacology

PARAPROBİYOTİKLER VE POSTBİYOTİKLER: GIDA VE FARMAKOLOJİ UYGULAMALARI

Abstract

Son yıllarda tüketicilerin fonksiyonel ürünlere yönelik artan talepleriyle birlikte probiyotik ürün pazarı hızla gelişmeye başlamıştır. ‘Yeterli miktarda alındığında konakçı sağlığı üzerinde olumlu etkiler gösteren canlı mikroorganizmalar’ olarak tanımlanan probiyotikler, fonksiyonel gıda üretimi amacıyla yaygın olarak kullanılmaktadır. Yapılan çalışmalardan elde edilen veriler, probiyotik hücrelerin canlı olmadığı durumlarda da sağlık üzerinde yararlı etkiler sağlayabileceğini göstermiştir. Probiyotik kullanımına alternatif olarak, fonksiyonel gıda pazarında potansiyel bir fırsat sağlayan paraprobiyotik ve postbiyotik terimleri ortaya çıkmıştır. Paraprobiyotikler, yeterli miktarda uygulandığında konakçı sağlığı üzerinde fayda sağlayan, canlı olmayan mikrobiyal hücreler olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Paraprobiyotik eldesinde hücrenin sağlam yapısı korunarak canlı hücre inaktive edilmektedir. Postbiyotikler yararlı mikroorganizmalar tarafından salgılanan metabolik ürünler veya mikrobiyal hücre lizisi sonucu ortama salınan düşük molekül ağırlıklı çözünür bileşiklerdir. Antimikrobiyal, antienflamatuvar, antikarsinojenik, antiproliferatif ve immünomodülatör gibi yararlı özelliklere sahip olduğu bildirilen paraprobiyotik ve postbiyotikler, gıda ve farmakoloji endüstrisinde uygulanmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, paraprobiyotik ve postbiyotiklerin tanımı, gıda ve ilaç endüstrisinde kullanımları ve sağlık üzerine etkileri değerlendirilmiştir.

Keywords

• paraprobiyotik
• postbiyotik
• gıda
• farmakoloji

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