CADMIUM BINDING CAPACITY OF DEMINERALIZED WHEY POWDER: A BOX-BOEHKEN DESIGN APPROACH

Year 2025, Volume: 50 Issue: 5, 766 - 779, 15.10.2025

Neslihan Yıldız Küçük

https://doi.org/10.15237/gida.GD25019

Abstract

This study explores the use of demineralized whey powder (d-WP) as an adsorbent for removing cadmium ions (Cd²⁺) from wastewater. Characterization of d-WP involved various analytical techniques: FTIR identified surface functional groups involved in adsorption, SEM examined surface morphology, elemental mapping visualized element distribution, and EDX determined elemental ratios. To optimize Cd²⁺ removal, a Box-Behnken Design (BBD) was utilized, evaluating four key parameters: initial Cd²⁺ concentration (10-50 mg/L), adsorbent dosage (0.5-1 g), contact time (10-60 minutes), and temperature (24-50 °C). The optimal conditions for maximum Cd²⁺ removal was found to be an initial concentration of 44 mg/L, a contact time of 26 minutes, an adsorbent dosage of 0.63 g, and a temperature of 45 °C. ANOVA confirmed the significant effects of these parameters on removal efficiency.

Keywords

Response Surface Methodology , Box-Behnken Design , Demineralized Whey Powder , Cadmium

Supporting Institution

This study was supported by Mus Alparslan University Scientific Research Coordination Unit.

Project Number

Projects Number: BAP-24-SBMYO-4909-01

DEMİNERALİZE PEYNİRALTI SUYU TOZUNUN KADMİYUM BAĞLAMA KAPASİTESİ: BİR BOX-BEHNKEN TASARIM YAKLAŞIMI

Abstract

Bu çalışma, demineralize peyniraltı suyu tozunun (d-WP) atık sudan kadmiyum iyonlarını (Cd²⁺) uzaklaştırmak için bir adsorban olarak kullanımını araştırmaktadır. d-WP'nin karakterizasyonu çeşitli analitik teknikler kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir: FTIR, adsorpsiyonda yer alan yüzey fonksiyonel gruplarını tanımlamış; SEM, yüzey morfolojisini incelemiş; element haritalama, element dağılımını görselleştirmiş; ve EDX, element oranlarını belirlemiştir. Cd²⁺ uzaklaştırmasını optimize etmek için bir Box-Behnken Tasarımı (BBD) kullanılmış, dört ana parametre değerlendirilmiştir: başlangıç Cd²⁺ konsantrasyonu (10-50 mg/L), adsorban dozu (0.5-1 g), temas süresi (10-60 dakika) ve sıcaklık (24-50 °C). Maksimum Cd²⁺ uzaklaştırma için optimal koşullar, 44 mg/L başlangıç konsantrasyonu, 26 dakika temas süresi, 0.63 g adsorban dozu ve 45 °C sıcaklık olarak bulunmuştur. ANOVA, bu parametrelerin uzaklaştırma verimliliği üzerindeki önemli etkilerini doğrulamıştır.

Keywords

Yanıt Yüzeyi Yöntemi , Box-Behnken Tasarımı , Demineralize Peyniraltı Suyu Tozu , Kadmiyum

Project Number

Projects Number: BAP-24-SBMYO-4909-01

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