GELENEKSEL KEFİR ÖRNEKLERİNDEN İZOLE EDİLEN Saccharomyces cerevisiae SUŞLARINDA EKZOPOLİSAKARİT ÜRETİMİ, KARAKTERİZASYONU VE REOLOJİK VE ANTİOKSİDAN ÖZELLİKLERİN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ

Abstract

Bu çalışmada, geleneksel kefir örneklerinden izole edilen Saccharomyces cerevisiae suşlarından elde edilen ekzopolisakkaritlerin (EPS), karakterizasyonu ve teknofonksiyonel özellikleri araştırılmıştır. Çalışmada KY4, KY9 ve KY17 olarak adlandırılan üç farklı S. cerevisiae suşu kullanılmıştır. Sonuçlar, en yüksek EPS üretiminin 65.41±4.18 mg/L ile KY4 suşunda gözlemlendiğini göstermiştir. HPLC analizi, EPS’lerin başlıca mannozdan oluşan heteropolisakkaritler olduğu ortaya çıkarmıştır. FT-IR analizi, O-H bağlarının varlığı aracılığıyla polisakkarit yapısını doğrulamıştır. EPS'ler, yaklaşık %103'lük su tutma kapasitesi (WHC) değerleri ve %82.30 ile %90.61 arasında değişen su çözünürlük indeksi (WSI) değerleri sergilemiştir (P>0.05). Reolojik analiz, tüm EPS örneklerinin kayma incelmesi davranışı gösterdiğini göstermiştir. Ayrıca, EPS'ler güçlü antioksidan aktivite göstermiştir. Bu bulgular, kefir kaynaklı S. cerevisiae suşları tarafından üretilen EPS'lerin teknofonksiyonel ve biyoaktif özellikleri nedeniyle gıda endüstrisinde kullanılabileceğini göstermektedir.

Keywords

• Kefir mayası
• S. cerevisiae
• ekzopolisakkarit
• HPLC
• reoloji
• antioksidan aktivite

EXOPOLYSACCHARIDE PRODUCTION, CHARACTERIZATION, and ASSESSMENT of RHEOLOGICAL and ANTIOXIDANT PROPERTIES in Saccharomyces cerevisiae STRAINS ISOLATED from TRADITIONAL KEFIR SAMPLES

Abstract

This study aimed to investigate the production, characterization, and technofunctional properties of exopolysaccharides (EPS) produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains isolated from traditional kefir samples. Three different S. cerevisiae strains, designated KY4, KY9, and KY17, were used in the study. The results showed that the highest EPS production, 65.41±4.18 mg/L, was observed in the KY4 strain. HPLC analyses revealed that the EPSs have been defined as heteropolysaccharides composed mainly of mannose. FT-IR analysis confirmed the polysaccharide structure through the presence of O-H bonds. EPSs exhibited water-holding capacity (WHC) values of approximately 103% and water solubility index (WSI) values ranging from 82.30% to 90.61%, which were not statistically significant (P>0.05). Rheological analysis demonstrated that all EPS samples displayed shear-thinning behavior. Moreover, the EPSs showed strong antioxidant activity (P≤0.05). These findings indicate that EPSs produced by kefir-derived S. cerevisiae strains can be utilized in the food industry due to their technofunctional and bioactive properties.

Keywords

• Kefir yeast
• S. cerevisiae
• exopolysaccharide
• HPLC
• rheology
• antioxidant activity

References

1. Chen, Z., Shi, J., Yang, X., Liu, Y., Nan, B., & Wang, Z. (2016). Isolation of exopolysaccharide producing bacteria and yeasts from Tibetan kefir and characterisation of the exopolysaccharides. International Journal of Dairy Technology, 69(3), 410-417. https://doi.org/10.1111/1471-0307.12276
2. Dertli, E., Çon, A. H. (2017). Microbial diversity of traditional kefir grains and their role on kefir aroma. LW T-Food Science and Technology, 85, 151-157. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. lwt.2017.07.017
3. Gentry, B., Cazón, P., O'Brien, K. (2023). A comprehensive review of the production, beneficial properties, and applications of kefiran, the kefir grain exopolysaccharide. International Dairy Journal, 144, 105691. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. idairyj.2023.105691
4. Goktas, H., Dikmen, H., Demirbas, F., Sagdic, O., & Dertli, E. (2021). Characterisation of probiotic properties of yeast strains isolated from kefir samples. International Journal of Dairy Technology, 74(4), 715-722. https://doi.org/10.1111/1471-0307.12802
5. Hamidi, M., Gholipour, A. R., Delattre, C., Sesdighi, F., Seveiri, R. M., & Kozani, P. S. (2020). Production, characterization and biological activities of exopolysaccharides from a new cold-adapted yeast: Rhodotorula mucilaginosa sp. GUMS16. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 151, 268-277. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.02.206
6. İspirli, H. (2023). Physicochemical characterization of dextran HE29 produced by the Leuconostoc citreum HE29 isolated from traditional fermented pickle. Molecules, 28(20), 7149. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28207149
7. İspirli, H., & Dertli, E. (2018). Isolation and identification of exopolysaccharide producer lactic acid bacteria from Turkish yogurt. Journal of Food Processing and Preservation, 42(1), e13351. https://doi.org/10.1111/jfpp.13351
8. Liu, J., Luo, J., Ye, H., Sun, Y., Lu, Z., & Zeng, X. (2010). In vitro and in vivo antioxidant activity of exopolysaccharides from endophytic bacterium Paenibacillus polymyxa EJS-3. Carbohydrate Polymers, 82(4), 1278-1283. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. carbpol.2010.07.008

9. Liu, L., Xu, J., Du, R., Ping, W., Ge, J., & Zhao, D. (2022). The response surface optimization of exopolysaccharide produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae Y3 and its partial characterization. Preparative Biochemistry & Biotechnology, 52(5), 566-577. https://doi.org/10.1080/10826068.2021.1972428
10. Liu, L., Xu, J., Na, R., Du, R., Ping, W., Ge, J., & Zhao, D. (2022). Purification, characterization and partial biological activities of exopolysaccharide produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae Y3. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 206, 777-787. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.03.083
11. Ma, W., Chen, X., Wang, B., Lou, W., Chen, X., Hua, J., Jiao Sun, Y., Zhao, Y., & Peng, T. (2018). Characterization, antioxidativity, and anti-carcinoma activity of exopolysaccharide extract from Rhodotorula mucilaginosa CICC 33013. Carbohydrate Polymers, 181, 768-777. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.11.080
12. Oztekin, S., Dikmetas, D. N., & Karbancıoglu-Guler, F. (2025). A novel exopolysaccharide from cold-adapted yeast Rhodotorula glutinis, along with structural, rheological, antioxidant, and antibiofilm properties. Biomass Conversion and Biore inery, 15(1), 1507-1523. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-023-05208-3
13. Özpınar, F. B., İspirli, H., Kayacan, S., Korkmaz, K., Dere, S., & Dertli, E. (2024). Physicochemical and structural characterisation of a branched dextran type exopolysaccharide (EPS) from Weissella confusa S6 isolated from fermented sausage (Sucuk). International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 264, 130507. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130507
14. Ragavan, M. L., Das, N. (2019). Optimization of exopolysaccharide production by probiotic yeast Lipomyces starkeyi VIT-MN03 using response surface methodology and its applications. Annals of Microbiology, 69(5), 515-530. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13213-019-1440-9
15. Rahbar Saadat, Y., Yari Khosroushahi, A., Pourghassem Gargari, B. (2021). Yeast exopolysaccharides and their physiological functions. Folia Microbiologica, 66(2), 171-182. https://doi. org/10.1007/s12223-021-00856-2
16. Raj, R., Dalei, K., Chakraborty, J., & Das, S. (2016). Extracellular polymeric substances of a marine bacterium mediated synthesis of CdS nanoparticles for removal of cadmium from aqueous solution. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 462, 166-175. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2015.10.004
17. Saygili, D., Yerlikaya, O., Akpinar, A. (2023). The effect of using different yeast species on the composition of carbohydrates and volatile aroma compounds in kefir drinks. Food Bioscience, 54, 102867. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fbio.2023.102867
18. Silambarasan, S., Logeswari, P., Cornejo, P., Kannan, V. R. (2019). Evaluation of the production of exopolysaccharide by plant growth promoting yeast Rhodotorula sp. strain CAH2 under abiotic stress conditions. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 121, 55-62. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. ijbiomac.2018.10.016
19. Soliemani, O., Salimi, F., Rezaei, A. (2022). Characterization of exopolysaccharide produced by probiotic Enterococcus durans DU1 and evaluation of its anti-biofilm activity. Archives of Microbiology, 204(7), 419. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00203-022-02965-z
20. Wang, J., Zhao, X., Tian, Z., Yang, Y., & Yang, Z. (2015). Characterization of an exopolysaccharide produced by Lactobacillus plantarum YW11 isolated from Tibet Kefir. Carbohydrate Polymers, 125, 16-25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. carbpol.2015.03.003
21. Wang, X., Zhang, X., Wang, Y., Tang, N., Xiao, L., & Li, W. (2023). Yeast cell wall polysaccharides in Tibetan kefir grains are key substances promoting the formation of bacterial biofilm. Carbohydrate Polymers, 300, 120247. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. carbpol.2022.120247
22. Xiao, L., Xu, D., Tang, N., Rui, X., Zhang, Q., & Li, W. (2021). Biosynthesis of exopolysaccharide and structural characterization by Lacticaseibacillus paracasei ZY-1 isolated from Tibetan kefir. Food Chemistry: Molecular S ciences, 3, 100054. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fochms.2021.100054
23. Yang, R., Liu, L., Gao, D., Zhao, D. (2024). Purification, structural characterization, and bioactive properties of exopolysaccharides from Saccharomyces cerevisiae HD-01. Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology, 12, 1455708. https://doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2024.1455708
24. Yilmaz, M. T., Ispirli, H., Taylan, O., Alamoudi, M., & Dertli, E. (2022). Bioactive and technological properties of an $\ alpha$-D-glucan synthesized by Weissella cibaria PDER21. Carbohydrate Polymers, 285, 119227. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. carbpol.2022.119227
25. Zaghloul, E. H., Abdel-Latif, H. H., Elsayis, A., & Hassan, S. W. (2024). Production and characterization of novel marine black yeast’s exopolysaccharide with potential antiradical and anticancer prospects. Microbial Cell Factories, 23(1), 60. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12934-024-02332-1
26. Zhao, D., Liu, L., Jiang, J., Guo, S., Ping, W., & Ge, J. (2020). The response surface optimization of exopolysaccharide produced by Weissella confusa XG-3 and its rheological property. Preparative Biochemistry & Biotechnology, 50(10), 1014-1022. https://doi.org/10.1080/10826068.2020.1780609
27. Zheng, J. Q., Wang, J. Z., Shi, C. W., Mao, D. B., He, P. X., & Xu, C. P. (2014). Characterization and antioxidant activity for exopolysaccharide from submerged culture of Boletus aereus. Process Biochemistry, 49(6), 1047-1053. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.procbio.2014.03.009