FARKLI HİDROLİK ALIKONMA SÜRELERİNDE KEÇİBOYNUZU EKSTRAKTI BESİYERİNDE SÜREKLİ ETANOL FERMANTASYONU

Abstract

Enerji endüstrisinin tüm dünyada ucuz yenilenebilir kaynaklar sağlaması için önemli biyoproseslerden birisi biyoetanol üretimidir. Bu çalışmada serbest veya immobilize edilmiş S. cerevisiae hücreleri ile ucuz bir karbon kaynağı olan keçiboynuzu ekstraktından sürekli etanol fermantasyonları amaçlanmıştır. Sürekli etanol fermantasyonları farklı hidrolik alıkonma sürelerinde (4-20 saat) gerçekleştirilmiştir. Optimum hidrolik alıkonma süreleri, serbest haldeki hücreler için 8 sa ve immobilize edilmiş hücreler için 6.67 sa olarak belirlenmiştir. Serbest ve immobilize hücre fermantasyonları için en yüksek etanol üretim oranları sırasıyla 3.12 g/L/sa ve 3.37 g/L/sa olarak hidrolik alıkonma süresi 5.71 saatte elde edilmiştir. Tüm kinetik parametreler, her iki hücre tipinin etanol fermantasyonu için kullanılabileceğini ve immobilize edilmiş S. cerevisiae hücreleri ile gerçekleştirilen etanol fermantasyonunun, süspansiyon haldeki hücrelere kıyasla biyokütleden bağımsız olarak daha yüksek seyreltme oranlarında gerçekleştirilebileceğini açıkça göstermiştir.

Keywords

• Sürekli fermantasyon,serbest ve immobilize hücreler,karıştırmalı tank tipi biyoreaktör

CONTINUOUS ETHANOL FERMENTATION FROM CAROB POD EXTRACT MEDIUM AT DIFFERENT HYDRAULIC RESIDENCE TIME (HRT)

Abstract

Production of bioethanol is one of the important bioprocesses for the energy industry to provide inexpensive renewable resources all over the world. In this context, this research was organized for continuous ethanol fermentation from carob pod extract which is an inexpensive carbon source by free or immobilized S. cerevisiae cells. Continuous ethanol fermentations were performed with different HRT (from 4 to 20 h) and optimal HRT were 8 h for the free cell, and 6.67 h for immobilized cell, respectively. The highest volumetric ethanol productivities for free cell and immobilized cell fermentations were 3.12 g/L/h and 3.37 g/L/h at HRT of 5.71 h, respectively. All kinetic parameters clearly showed that both cell types can be used for ethanol fermentation, and immobilized S. cerevisiae ethanol fermentation can be operated at higher dilution rates independent of biomass than a free cell.

Keywords

• Continuous fermentation,stirred tank bioreactor,free and immobilized cells,stirred tank bioreactor

References

1. AFDC (2017). Alternative Fuels Data Center, U.S. Department of Energy. http://www.afdc.energy.gov (Accessed: 20 October 2017)
2. Alani, F., Moo-Young, M., Anderson, W., Bataine, Z. (2007). Optimization of citric acid production from a new strain and mutant of Aspergillus niger using solid state fermentation. Food Biotechnol 21(1-2): 169-180, doi: 10.1080/08905430701410597
3. Ayaz, F.A., Torun, H., Ayaz, S., Correia, P.J., Alaiz, M., Sanz, C., Grúz, J., Strnad, M. (2007). Determination of chemical composition of anatolian carob pod (Ceratonia siliqua L.): Sugars, amino and organic acids, minerals and phenolic compounds. J Food Quality 30(6): 1040-1055, doi: 10.1111/j.1745-4557.2007.00176.x
4. Bahry, H., Pons, A., Abdallah, R., Pierre, G., Delattre, C., Fayad, N., Taha, S., Vial, C. (2017). Valorization of carob waste: Definition of a second-generation bioethanol production process. Bioresource Technol 235: 25-34, doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.03.056
5. Brethauer, S., Wyman, C.E. (2010). Review: Continuous hydrolysis and fermentation for cellulosic ethanol production. Bioresource Technol 101(13): 4862-4874, doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2009.11.009
6. Cardona, C.A., Sánchez, Ó.J. (2007). Fuel ethanol production: Process design trends and integration opportunities. Bioresource Technol 98(12): 2415-2457, doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2007.01.002
7. Carvalho, M., Roca, C., Reis M.A.M. (2014). Carob pod water extracts as feedstock for succinic acid production by Actinobacillus succinogenes 130Z. Bioresource Technol 170: 491-498, doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.07.117
8. Germec, M., Turhan, I., Karhan, M., Demirci, A. (2015). Ethanol production via repeated-batch fermentation from carob pod extract by using Saccharomyces cerevisiae in biofilm reactor. Fuel 161: 304-311, doi: 10.1016/j.fuel.2015.08.060

9. Germec, M., Turhan, I., Demirci, A., Karhan, M. (2016). Effect of media sterilization and enrichment on ethanol production from carob extract in a biofilm reactor. Energy Source Part A 38(21): 3268-3272, doi: 10.1080/15567036.2015.1138004
10. Lee, K.H., Choi, I.S., Kim, Y.G., Yang, D.J., Bae, H.J. (2011). Enhanced production of bioethanol and ultrastructural characteristics of reused Saccharomyces cerevisiae immobilized calcium alginate beads. Bioresource Technol 102(17): 8191-8198, doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2011.06.063
11. Lima-Costa, M.E., Tavares, C., Raposo, S., Rodrigues, B., Peinado, J.M. (2012). Kinetics of sugars consumption and ethanol inhibition in carob pulp fermentation by Saccharomyces cerevisiae in batch and fed-batch cultures. J Ind Microbiol Biot 39(5): 789-797, doi: 10.1007/s10295-011-1079-4
12. Mazaheri, D., Shojaosadati, S.A., Mousavi, S.M., Hejazi, P., Saharkhiz, S. (2012). Bioethanol production from carob pods by solid-state fermentation with Zymomonas mobilis. Appl Energ 99: 372-378, doi: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2012.05.045
13. Raposo, S., Constantino, A., Rodrigues, B., Lima-Costa, M.E. (2017). Nitrogen Sources Screening for Ethanol Production Using Carob Industrial Wastes. Appl Biochem Biotech 181(2): 827-843, doi: 10.1007/s12010-016-2252-z
14. Razmovski, R., Vučurović, V. (2011). Ethanol production from sugar beet molasses by S. cerevisiae entrapped in an alginate–maize stem ground tissue matrix. Enzyme Microb Tech 48(4): 378-385, doi: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2010.12.015
15. Roukas, T. (1993). Ethanol-production from carob pods by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Food Biotechnol 7(2): 159-176, doi: 10.1080/08905439309549854
16. Roukas, T. (1994). Continuous ethanol-production from carob pod extract by immobilized Saccharomyces cerevisiae in a packed-bed reactor. J Chem Technol Biot 59(4): 387-393, doi: 10.1002/jctb.280590412
17. Roukas, T. (1996). Continuous ethanol production from nonsterilized carob pod extract by immobilized Saccharomyces cerevisiae on mineral kissiris using a two-reactor system. Appl Biochem Biotech 59(3): 299-307, doi: 10.1007/BF02783571
18. Roukas, T. (1998). Carob pod: A new substrate for citric acid production by Aspergillus niger. Appl Biochem Biotech 74(1): 43-53, doi: 10.1007/BF02786885
19. Saharkhiz, S., Mazaheri, D., Shojaosadati, S.A. (2013). Evaluation of bioethanol production from carob pods by Zymomonas mobilis and Saccharomyces cerevisiae in solid submerged fermentation. Prep Biochem Biotech 43(5): 415-430, doi: 10.1080/10826068.2012.741642
20. Sánchez, S., Lozano, L.J., Godínez, C., Juan, D., Pérez, A., Hernández, F.J. (2010). Carob pod as a feedstock for the production of bioethanol in Mediterranean areas. Appl Energ 87(11): 3417-3424, doi: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2010.06.004
21. Sánchez-Segado, S., Lozano, L.J., de los Ríos, A.P., Hernández-Fernández, F.J., Godínez, C., Juan, D. (2012). Process design and economic analysis of a hypothetical bioethanol production plant using carob pod as feedstock. Bioresource Technol 104: 324-328, doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2011.10.046
22. Turhan, I., Bialka, K.L., Demirci, A., Karhan, M. (2010a). Enhanced lactic acid production from carob extract by Lactobacillus casei using invertase pretreatment. Food Biotechnol 24(4): 364-374, doi: 10.1080/08905436.2010.524485
23. Turhan, I., Bialka, K.L., Demirci, A., Karhan, M. (2010b). Ethanol production from carob extract by using Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Bioresource Technol 101(14): 5290-5296, doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2010.01.146
24. Vaheed, H., Shojaosadati, S.A., Galip, H. (2011). Evaluation and optimization of ethanol production from carob pod extract by Zymomonas mobilis using response surface methodology. J Ind Microbiol Biot 38(1): 101-111, doi: 10.1007/s10295-010-0835-1
25. Yatmaz, E., Turhan, I., Karhan, M. (2013). Optimization of ethanol production from carob pod extract using immobilized Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells in a stirred tank bioreactor. Bioresource Technol 135: 365-371, doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2012.09.006
26. Yatmaz, E., Karahalil, E., Germec, M, Ilgin, M., Turhan, I. (2016a). Controlling filamentous fungi morphology with microparticles to enhanced beta-mannanase production. Bioproc Biosyst Eng 39(9): 1391-1399, doi: 10.1007/s00449-016-1615-8
27. Yatmaz, E., Karahalil, E., Germec, M., Oziyci, H.R., Karhan, M., Duruksu, G., Ogel, Z.B., Turhan, I. (2016b). Enhanced β-mannanase production from alternative sources by recombinant Aspergillus sojae. Acta Alimentaria 45(3): 371-379, doi: 10.1556/066.2016.45.3.8
28. Yousif, A.K., Alghzawi, H.M. (2000). Processing and characterization of carob powder. Food Chem 69(3): 283-287, doi: 10.1016/S0308-8146(99)00265-4