Aflatoxin Occurrence in Peanuts Grown Cukurova Region at Harvest, Drying and Storage Phases (Turkish with English Abstract)

Abstract

Aflatoxin contamination is one of the important problem on peanuts and products. The aim of this study was detected aflatoxin formations and critic periods of toxin production on peanuts which are collected from different periods. In the present study, total 76 peanuts samples were investigated which are 38 from freshly harvested, 16 drying and 22 storage phases. Mycoflora is determined by using classical identification key of species on samples. Total aflatoxin formation on peanuts were analysed by CD-ELISA. Toxin contamination detected from samples are as follows; out of total 33 samples from freshly harvested peanuts 0.2-16.3 ppb and 14 samples in drying phase 0.2-11.2 ppb and 22 storage periods 0.1-38.1 ppb. Toxin contamination is not found on 5 samples from freshly harvested and 2 samples from drying phase. Aflatoxin levels were detected statistically high in storage phase according to drying and postharvest and in drying phase as to postharvest (p<0.05). As a result storage and drying phases were detected critical periods for aflatoxin formation.

Keywords

• Aspergillus, CD-ELISA, Total Aflatoxin, Peanuts.  

Çukurova Bölgesinde Yetiştirilen Yerfıstıklarında Hasat, Kurutma ve Depolama Kademelerinde Aflatoksin Oluşumu

Abstract

Aflatoksin bulaşıklıkları yerfıstığı ve ürünlerinde rastlanan önemli sorunlardan biridir. Bu çalışmada yerfıstığında farklı dönemlerdeki toplam aflatoksin seviyelerinin ve bu toksin oluşumları için kritik dönemlerin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmada, 38’i hasattan hemen sonra, 16’sı kurutma ve 22’si depolama dönemlerinden alınmış toplam 76 yerfıstığı örneği kullanılmıştır. Örneklerdeki fungal floranın tanımlanması klasik tür teşhis anahtarları kullanılarak yapılmıştır.  Toplam aflatoksin oluşumları CD-ELISA (Competitive Direct- Enzyme Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay) yöntemi ile belirlenmiştir. Hasattan hemen sonra alınmış olan 38 örneğin 5’inde ve kurutma aşamasında 2 örnekte toksin içeriği saptanmazken, hasat sonrası 33 örnekte 0.2-16.3 ppb, kurutma döneminde 14 örnekte 0.2-11.2 ppb ve depolama döneminde 22 örnekte 0.1-38.1 ppb seviyelerinde toksin bulaşıklığı belirlenmiştir. Aflatoksin düzeyleri; depo döneminde kurutma ve hasat sonrasına göre, kurutma döneminde hasat sonrasına göre istatistiksel olarak daha yüksek bulunmuştur (p<0.05). Sonuç olarak kurutma ve depolama dönemlerinin aflatoksin oluşumu için kritik dönemler olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır.

Keywords

• Aspergillus, CD-ELISA, Toplam Aflatoksin, Yerfıstığı.

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