Taxonomy of Thermophilic Phages (Turkish with English Abstract)

Abstract

Approximately 5100 bacteriophages have been examined to date and most of these phages belong to Siphoviridae family according to the classification of Bradley and Ackermann. Thermophilic phages, specific for S. thermophilus and L. bulgaricus strains which are used in yogurt production, are classified in B group of Bradley classification because of having icosahedral capsid and noncontractile long tail and are also classified in Siphoviridae family of Ackermann classification because of having linear double stranded DNA. Recently, phages are classified according to the polythetic species concept, developed by ICTV, which considers the properties of phages such as nucleic acid nature, particle structure, DNA hybridization, nucleotide and amino acid sequences. Besides, phages have been classified in various studies according to their restriction endonuclease and protein patterns, DNA-DNA hybridization, sequence analysis and serological properties, but, the results of these studies can be compared with each other after analyzed within the study. New classification approaches in which all kind of parameters are taken into account arouse interest as most of the methods used today do not correspond the requirements of phage taxonomy.

Keywords

• S. thermophilus, L. bulgaricus, phage, classification, Siphoviridae 

Termofilik Faj Taksonomisi

Abstract

Bugüne kadar incelenmiş olan yaklaşık 5100 adet fajın çoğu, Bradley ve Ackermann sınıflamalarına göre Siphoviridae familyasında bulunmaktadır. Yoğurt yapımında kullanılan S. thermophilus ve L. bulgaricus suşlarına özgül termofilik fajlar da ikosahedral kapside, kontraktil olmayan uzun kuyruğa sahip olmaları nedeniyle Bradley sınıflaması B grubuna ve lineer çift sarmal DNA içermelerinden dolayı Ackermann sınıflaması Siphoviridae familyasına dahil edilmişlerdir. Günümüzde fajlar, ICTV tarafından oluşturulan ve politetik türler kavramı olarak adlandırılan, nükleik asit doğası ve partikül yapısına ek olarak DNADNA hibridizasyonu, nükleotit veya aminoasit sekansları gibi parametrelerin de dikkate alındığı taşınabilir kriterler seti ile aileye kadar sınıflandırılabilmektedir. Ayrıca fajlar, yapılan farklı araştırmalarda, konakçı özgüllükleri, restriksiyon endonükleaz kesim şablonları, DNA hibridizasyon ve sekans analizleri, yapısal protein profilleri ve serolojik test sonuçlarına göre sınıflandırılmakta ancak herbir çalışmada elde edilen sonuçlar kendi içinde değerlendirildikten sonra diğer çalışma sonuçları ile karşılaştırmaya çalışılmaktadır. Kullanılan kriterlerden çoğunun faj taksonomisine hizmet etmede yetersiz kaldığı, bununla beraber her türlü kriterin değerlendirilmeye çalışıldığı ayrıca bu konuda farklı yeni yaklaşımlar üzerinde durulduğu görülmektedir.

Keywords

• S. thermophilus, L. bulgaricus, faj, sınıflama, Siphoviridae

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