BibTex RIS Cite

Risk Assessment Studies of Acrylamide in Foods (Turkish with English Abstract)

Year 2012, Volume: 37 Issue: 5, 287 - 294, 01.10.2012

Abstract

Acrylamide, classified as group 2A (probably carcinogenic to humans) by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), is a processing contaminant which is generated as a result of the application of heat treatment especially to reducing sugar and asparagine rich foods. This contaminant, determined in commonly consumed foods in daily diet at various levels, has become the centre of attraction of many food and health authorities due to the known potential adverse health effects. Within this scope, risk assessments studies are performed with the aim of identifying existing risks originating from acrylamide and improving the plans and policies in the context of these risks. Risk assessment includes the hazard identification and characterization step which researches the biochemical properties of acrylamide and the arising toxicological effects depending on these properties; exposure assessment step which investigates the levels of daily acrylamide intake per kilogram of body weight of indivuals; and risk characterization step which brings all the previous steps together and evaluates the potential risks for the population or sub-groups in the population qualitatively and quantitatively. In this review, risk assessment studies of acrylamide are researched in the light of the literature and the results are evaluated.

References

  • Tareke E, Rydberg P, Karlsson P, Eriksson S, Tornqvist M. 2002. Analysis of acrylamide, a carcinogen formed in heated foodstuffs. J Agric Food Chem, 50 (17): 4998-5006.
  • Boroushaki MT, Nikkhah E, Kazemi A, Oskooei M, Raters M. 2010. Determination of acrylamide level in popular Iranian brands of potato and corn products. Food Chem Toxicol, 48 (10): 2528-2584.
  • Claus A, Carle R, Schieber A. 2008. Acrylamide in cereal products: A review. J. Cereal Sci, 47: 118-133. 4. Tamer C, Karaman B. 2006. Gıdalarda akrilamid oluşumu ve insan sağlığı üzerine etkileri. GIDA, 31 (4): 195-199.
  • Parzefall W. 2008. Minireview on the toxicity of dietary acrylamide. Food Chem Toxicol, 46: 1360-1364.
  • Tardiff RG, Gargas ML, Kirman CR, Carson ML, Sweeney LM. 2010. Estimation of safe dietary intake levels of acrylamide for humans. Food Chem Toxicol, 48 (2): 658-667.
  • Delgado-Andrade C, Mesías M, Morales FJ, Seiquer I, Navarro MP. 2011.Assessment of acrylamide intake of Spanish boys aged 11-14 years consuming a traditional and balanced diet. LWT - Food Sci and Tech, 46 (1): 16-22.
  • Kütting B, Schettgen T, Schwegler U, Fromme H, Uter W, Angerer J, Drexler H. 2009. Acrylamide as environmental noxious agent. Int J of Hyg and Env Heal, 212 (5): 470-480.
  • Claeys W, Baert K, Mestdagh F, Vercammen J, Daenens P, Meulenaer B, Maghuin-Rogister G, Huyghebaert A. 2010. Assessment of the acrylamide intake of the Belgian population and the effect of mitigation strategies. Food Addit Contam, 27 (9): 1199-1207.
  • NRC (National Research Council). 1983. Risk Assessment in the Federal Government: Managing the Process, Committee on the Institutional Means for Assessment of Risks to Public Health, Commission on Life Sciences, NRC, Washington, DC, National Academy Press.
  • USEPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency). 2010. Toxicological review of Acrylamide. EPA/635/R-07/009F. Washington, DC, 459 p.
  • Young JF, Luecke RH, Doerge DR. 2007. Physiologically based pharmacokinetic/ pharmacodynamic model for acrylamide and its metabolites in mice, rats, and humans. Chem Res Toxicol, 20: 388-399.
  • EC SCF (European Commission - Scientific Committee on Food). 2002. Opinion of the Scientific Committee on Food on new findings regarding the presence of acrylamide in food, Brussels, Belgium, 16 p. 14. Besaratinia A, Pfeifer GP. 2007. A review of mechanisms of acrylamide carcinogenicity. Carcin, 28 (3): 519-528.
  • Exon JH. 2006. A review of the toxicology of acrylamide. J Toxicol Environ Health, 9: 397-412. 16. Zhu YJ, Zeng T, Zhu YB, Yu SF, Wang QS, Zhang LP, Guo X, Xie KQ. 2008. Effects of acrylamide on the nervous tissue antioxidant system and sciatic nerve electrophysiology in the rat. Neurochem Res, 33: 2310-2317.
  • JECFA (Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives). 2002. FAO/WHO Consultation on the Health Implications of Acrylamide in Food. Report of a Joint FAO/WHO Consultation WHO Headquarters. 25-27 June, Geneva, Switzerland, 39 p.
  • WHO - IARC (World Health Organization - The International Agency for Research on Cancer). 1994. IARC monographs on the evaluation of carcinogen risks to humans: some industrial chemicals. vol 60, 15-22 February, Lyon, France, 569 p. 19. Sweeney LM, Kirman CR, Gargas ML, Carson ML, Tardiff RG. 2010. Development of a physiologically-based toxicokinetic model of Acrylamide and glycidamide in rats and humans. Food Chem Toxicol, 48 (2): 668-685.
  • Hogervorst JG, Schouten LJ, Konings EJ, Goldbohm RA, van den Brandt PA. 2007. A prospective study of dietary acrylamide intake and the risk of endometrial, ovarian, and breast cancer. Cancer Epid Bio & Prev, 16 (1): 2304-2313. 21. Hogervorst JG, Schouten LJ, Konings EJ, Goldbohm RA, van den Brandt PA. 2008. Dietary acrylamide intake and the risk of renal cell, bladder, and prostate cancer. Am J of Clin Nutr, 87 (5): 1428-1438.
  • Bowyer JF, Latendresse JR, Delongchamp RR, Muskhelishvili L, Warbritton AR, Thomas M, Tareke E, McDaniel LP, Doerge DR. 2008. The effects of subchronic acrylamide exposure on gene expression, neurochemistry, hormones, and histopathology in the hypothalamus pituitary thyroid axis of male Fischer 344 rats. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol, 230 (2): 208-215.
  • Aureli F, Pasquale MD, Lucchetti D, Aureli P, Coni E. 2007. An absorption study of dietary administered acrylamide in swine. Food Chem Tox, 45 (7): 1202-1209.
  • Mei N, Hu J, Churchwell MI, Guo L, Moore MM, Doerge DR, Chen T. 2008. Genotoxic effects of acrylamide and glycidamide in mouse lymphoma cells. Food Chem Tox, 46 (2): 628-636.
  • TOXNET (Toxicology Data Network). Acrylamide, Human Health Effects. http://toxnet.nlm.nih. gov/cgi-bin/sis/search/a?dbs+hsdb:@term +@DOCNO+191 (erişim tarihi: 05 şubat 2012).
  • Dearfield KL, Douglas GR, Ehling UH, Moore MM, Sega GA, Brusick DJ. 1995. Acrylamide: a review of its genotoxicity and an assessment of heritable genetic risk. Mutat Res-Fund Mol M, 330 (1-2): 71-99.
  • Olesen PT, Olsen A, Frandsen H,Frederiksen K, Overvad K, Tjonneland A. 2008. Acrylamide exposure and incidence of breast cancer among postmenopausal women in the Danish Diet, Cancer and Health Study. Int J Cancer, 122 (9): 2094-2100 28. Wilson KM, Balter K, Adami HO. 2008. Acrylamide exposure measured by food frequency questionnaire and hemoglobin adduct levels and prostate cancer risk in the cancer of the prostate in Sweden Study. Int J Cancer, 124 (10): 2384-2390.
  • Hogervorst JG, Schouten LJ, Konings EJ, Goldbohm RA, van den Brandt PA. 2008. Dietary acrylamide intake is not associated with gastrointestinal cancer risk. J Nutr, 138 (11): 2229-2236. 30. Larsson SC, Åkesson A, Bergkvist L, Wolk A. 2009. Dietary acrylamide intake and risk of colorectal cancer in a prospective cohort of men. Eur J Cancer, 45 (4): 513-516.
  • USEPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency). 1992. Guidelines for Exposure Assessment. Risk Assessment Forum, Washington, DC, USA, 139 p. 32. ATSDR (Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry). 2009. ToxGuideTMfor Acrylamide C3H5NO CAS# 79-06-1. http://www.atsdr.cdc. gov/toxguides/toxguide-203.pdf (erişim tarihi: 1 Şubat 2012)
  • NTP (National Toxicology Program). 1998. NTP-CERHR Expert panel report on the reproductive and developmental toxicity of acrylamide, Center fort he evaluation of risks to human reproduction, 166 p.
  • CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention). 2010. National Report on Human Exposure to Environmental Chemicals, acrylamide. (erişim tarihi: 02 Kasım 2011) http://www.cdc. gov/exposurereport/data_tables/Acrylamide _ChemicalInformation.html
  • Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA). 2005. Evaluation of certain food contaminants, 64th Report. (erişim tarihi: 24 Nisan 2012). http://whqlibdoc.who.int/trs/ WHO_TRS_ 930_eng.pdf.
  • Ölmez H, Tuncay F, Özcan N, Demirel S. 2008. A survey of acrylamide levels in foods from the Turkish market. J Food Comp Anal, 21: 564- 568. 37. Kaplan O, Kaya G, Özcan C, İnce M, Yaman M. 2009. Acrylamide concentrations in grilled foodstuffs of Turkish kitchen by high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Microchem J, 93: 173-179.
  • Van Klaveren JD, Boon PE, Mul A. 2006. Modelling of dietary exposure to Acrylamide. In: Acrylamide and other hazardous compounds in heat-treated foods, K. Skog and J. Alexander (ed.), CRC Press, pp 195-213.
  • Arisseto AP, Figueiredo-Toledo MC, Govaert Y, Loco J, Fraselle S, Degroodt JM, Rosseto-Caroba DC. 2009. Contribution of selected foods to acrylamide intake by a population of Brazilian adolescents. LWT - Food Sci Tech, 42: 207-211.
  • JECFA (Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives). 2011. Evaluation of certain food additives and contaminants. 72nd report of the joint FAO/WHO expert committee on food additive WHO Technical Report Series 959.
  • Mojska H, Gielecin I, Szponar L, Oltarzewski M. 2010. Estimation of the dietary acrylamide exposure of the Polish population. Food Chem Tox, 48: 2090-2096.
  • Hilbig A, Freidank N, Kersting M, Wilhelm M, Wittsiepe J. 2004. Estimation of the dietary intake of acrylamide by German infants, children and adolescents as calculated from dietary records and available data on acrylamide levels in food groups. Int J Hyg Environ Health, 207 (5): 463-71.
  • EFSA (European Food Safety Authority). 2011. Scientific report of EFSA, Results on acrylamide levels in food from monitoring years 2007-2009 and exposure assessment. EFSA J, 9 (4): 2133.
  • Dybing E, Sanner T. 2003. Risk Assessment of Acrylamide in Foods. Tox Sci, 75: 7-15.
  • New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection-Division of Air Quality- Air Quality Permitting Program-Air Quality Evaluation Section. 2009. Guidance on risk Assessment for Air Contaminant Emissions, Technical Manual 1003, New Jersey, USA. 37 p.
  • USEPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency). 1994. Chemical Summary for Acrylamide. http://www.epa.gov/chemfact/s_acryla.txt (erişim tarihi: 05 şubat 2012).
  • USEPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency). National Air Toxic Assessment-Estimated Risk. http://www.epa.gov/ttn/atw/nata/risksum.html (erişim tarihi: 05 şubat 2012).
  • Joint FAO/WHO. 2002. Consultation on Health Implications of Acrylamide in Food. Health implications of acrylamide in food: report of a joint FAO/WHO consultation, WHO. Headquarters, Geneva, Switzerland, 25-27 June 2002.
  • Mucci LA, Wilson KM. 2008. Acrylamide intake through diet and human cancer risk. J Agric Food Chem, 56 (15): 6013-6019.

Gıdalarda Akrilamid Risk Değerlendirme Çalışmaları

Year 2012, Volume: 37 Issue: 5, 287 - 294, 01.10.2012

Abstract

Uluslararası Kanser Araştırma Ajansı (IARC) tarafından Grup 2A (insanlar için olası kanserojen) olarak sınıflandırılan akrilamid, özellikle indirgen şeker ve asparajin içeriği yüksek gıdalara ısıl işlem uygulanmasının bir sonucu olarak oluşan bir proses kontaminantıdır. Günlük diyette sıklıkla tüketilen gıdalarda çeşitli düzeylerde tespit edilen bu kontaminant, bilinen potansiyel sağlık etkilerinden dolayı pek çok gıda ve sağlık otoritesinin ilgi odağı olmuştur. Bu kapsamda, akrilamid kaynaklı mevcut risklerin belirlenmesi ve bu riskler bağlamında plan ve politikaların geliştirilmesi amacıyla risk değerlendirme çalışmaları yapılmaktadır. Risk değerlendirme; akrilamidin biyokimyasal özelliklerinin ve bu özelliklere bağlı olarak oluşabilecek toksik etkilerinin incelendiği tehlikenin tanımlanması ve karakterize edilmesi aşamasını, bireylerin günlük olarak vücut ağırlıkları başına akrilamid alım düzeylerinin incelendiği maruziyet değerlendirme aşamasını ve tüm bu aşamaları bir araya getiren ve toplum veya toplumdaki özel gruplar için olası riskleri nitel ya da nicel olarak değerlendiren risk karakterizasyonu aşamasını içermektedir. Bu derlemede literatür bilgileri ışığında akrilamidin risk değerlendirme çalışmaları incelenerek sonuçlar değerlendirilmiştir.

References

  • Tareke E, Rydberg P, Karlsson P, Eriksson S, Tornqvist M. 2002. Analysis of acrylamide, a carcinogen formed in heated foodstuffs. J Agric Food Chem, 50 (17): 4998-5006.
  • Boroushaki MT, Nikkhah E, Kazemi A, Oskooei M, Raters M. 2010. Determination of acrylamide level in popular Iranian brands of potato and corn products. Food Chem Toxicol, 48 (10): 2528-2584.
  • Claus A, Carle R, Schieber A. 2008. Acrylamide in cereal products: A review. J. Cereal Sci, 47: 118-133. 4. Tamer C, Karaman B. 2006. Gıdalarda akrilamid oluşumu ve insan sağlığı üzerine etkileri. GIDA, 31 (4): 195-199.
  • Parzefall W. 2008. Minireview on the toxicity of dietary acrylamide. Food Chem Toxicol, 46: 1360-1364.
  • Tardiff RG, Gargas ML, Kirman CR, Carson ML, Sweeney LM. 2010. Estimation of safe dietary intake levels of acrylamide for humans. Food Chem Toxicol, 48 (2): 658-667.
  • Delgado-Andrade C, Mesías M, Morales FJ, Seiquer I, Navarro MP. 2011.Assessment of acrylamide intake of Spanish boys aged 11-14 years consuming a traditional and balanced diet. LWT - Food Sci and Tech, 46 (1): 16-22.
  • Kütting B, Schettgen T, Schwegler U, Fromme H, Uter W, Angerer J, Drexler H. 2009. Acrylamide as environmental noxious agent. Int J of Hyg and Env Heal, 212 (5): 470-480.
  • Claeys W, Baert K, Mestdagh F, Vercammen J, Daenens P, Meulenaer B, Maghuin-Rogister G, Huyghebaert A. 2010. Assessment of the acrylamide intake of the Belgian population and the effect of mitigation strategies. Food Addit Contam, 27 (9): 1199-1207.
  • NRC (National Research Council). 1983. Risk Assessment in the Federal Government: Managing the Process, Committee on the Institutional Means for Assessment of Risks to Public Health, Commission on Life Sciences, NRC, Washington, DC, National Academy Press.
  • USEPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency). 2010. Toxicological review of Acrylamide. EPA/635/R-07/009F. Washington, DC, 459 p.
  • Young JF, Luecke RH, Doerge DR. 2007. Physiologically based pharmacokinetic/ pharmacodynamic model for acrylamide and its metabolites in mice, rats, and humans. Chem Res Toxicol, 20: 388-399.
  • EC SCF (European Commission - Scientific Committee on Food). 2002. Opinion of the Scientific Committee on Food on new findings regarding the presence of acrylamide in food, Brussels, Belgium, 16 p. 14. Besaratinia A, Pfeifer GP. 2007. A review of mechanisms of acrylamide carcinogenicity. Carcin, 28 (3): 519-528.
  • Exon JH. 2006. A review of the toxicology of acrylamide. J Toxicol Environ Health, 9: 397-412. 16. Zhu YJ, Zeng T, Zhu YB, Yu SF, Wang QS, Zhang LP, Guo X, Xie KQ. 2008. Effects of acrylamide on the nervous tissue antioxidant system and sciatic nerve electrophysiology in the rat. Neurochem Res, 33: 2310-2317.
  • JECFA (Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives). 2002. FAO/WHO Consultation on the Health Implications of Acrylamide in Food. Report of a Joint FAO/WHO Consultation WHO Headquarters. 25-27 June, Geneva, Switzerland, 39 p.
  • WHO - IARC (World Health Organization - The International Agency for Research on Cancer). 1994. IARC monographs on the evaluation of carcinogen risks to humans: some industrial chemicals. vol 60, 15-22 February, Lyon, France, 569 p. 19. Sweeney LM, Kirman CR, Gargas ML, Carson ML, Tardiff RG. 2010. Development of a physiologically-based toxicokinetic model of Acrylamide and glycidamide in rats and humans. Food Chem Toxicol, 48 (2): 668-685.
  • Hogervorst JG, Schouten LJ, Konings EJ, Goldbohm RA, van den Brandt PA. 2007. A prospective study of dietary acrylamide intake and the risk of endometrial, ovarian, and breast cancer. Cancer Epid Bio & Prev, 16 (1): 2304-2313. 21. Hogervorst JG, Schouten LJ, Konings EJ, Goldbohm RA, van den Brandt PA. 2008. Dietary acrylamide intake and the risk of renal cell, bladder, and prostate cancer. Am J of Clin Nutr, 87 (5): 1428-1438.
  • Bowyer JF, Latendresse JR, Delongchamp RR, Muskhelishvili L, Warbritton AR, Thomas M, Tareke E, McDaniel LP, Doerge DR. 2008. The effects of subchronic acrylamide exposure on gene expression, neurochemistry, hormones, and histopathology in the hypothalamus pituitary thyroid axis of male Fischer 344 rats. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol, 230 (2): 208-215.
  • Aureli F, Pasquale MD, Lucchetti D, Aureli P, Coni E. 2007. An absorption study of dietary administered acrylamide in swine. Food Chem Tox, 45 (7): 1202-1209.
  • Mei N, Hu J, Churchwell MI, Guo L, Moore MM, Doerge DR, Chen T. 2008. Genotoxic effects of acrylamide and glycidamide in mouse lymphoma cells. Food Chem Tox, 46 (2): 628-636.
  • TOXNET (Toxicology Data Network). Acrylamide, Human Health Effects. http://toxnet.nlm.nih. gov/cgi-bin/sis/search/a?dbs+hsdb:@term +@DOCNO+191 (erişim tarihi: 05 şubat 2012).
  • Dearfield KL, Douglas GR, Ehling UH, Moore MM, Sega GA, Brusick DJ. 1995. Acrylamide: a review of its genotoxicity and an assessment of heritable genetic risk. Mutat Res-Fund Mol M, 330 (1-2): 71-99.
  • Olesen PT, Olsen A, Frandsen H,Frederiksen K, Overvad K, Tjonneland A. 2008. Acrylamide exposure and incidence of breast cancer among postmenopausal women in the Danish Diet, Cancer and Health Study. Int J Cancer, 122 (9): 2094-2100 28. Wilson KM, Balter K, Adami HO. 2008. Acrylamide exposure measured by food frequency questionnaire and hemoglobin adduct levels and prostate cancer risk in the cancer of the prostate in Sweden Study. Int J Cancer, 124 (10): 2384-2390.
  • Hogervorst JG, Schouten LJ, Konings EJ, Goldbohm RA, van den Brandt PA. 2008. Dietary acrylamide intake is not associated with gastrointestinal cancer risk. J Nutr, 138 (11): 2229-2236. 30. Larsson SC, Åkesson A, Bergkvist L, Wolk A. 2009. Dietary acrylamide intake and risk of colorectal cancer in a prospective cohort of men. Eur J Cancer, 45 (4): 513-516.
  • USEPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency). 1992. Guidelines for Exposure Assessment. Risk Assessment Forum, Washington, DC, USA, 139 p. 32. ATSDR (Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry). 2009. ToxGuideTMfor Acrylamide C3H5NO CAS# 79-06-1. http://www.atsdr.cdc. gov/toxguides/toxguide-203.pdf (erişim tarihi: 1 Şubat 2012)
  • NTP (National Toxicology Program). 1998. NTP-CERHR Expert panel report on the reproductive and developmental toxicity of acrylamide, Center fort he evaluation of risks to human reproduction, 166 p.
  • CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention). 2010. National Report on Human Exposure to Environmental Chemicals, acrylamide. (erişim tarihi: 02 Kasım 2011) http://www.cdc. gov/exposurereport/data_tables/Acrylamide _ChemicalInformation.html
  • Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA). 2005. Evaluation of certain food contaminants, 64th Report. (erişim tarihi: 24 Nisan 2012). http://whqlibdoc.who.int/trs/ WHO_TRS_ 930_eng.pdf.
  • Ölmez H, Tuncay F, Özcan N, Demirel S. 2008. A survey of acrylamide levels in foods from the Turkish market. J Food Comp Anal, 21: 564- 568. 37. Kaplan O, Kaya G, Özcan C, İnce M, Yaman M. 2009. Acrylamide concentrations in grilled foodstuffs of Turkish kitchen by high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Microchem J, 93: 173-179.
  • Van Klaveren JD, Boon PE, Mul A. 2006. Modelling of dietary exposure to Acrylamide. In: Acrylamide and other hazardous compounds in heat-treated foods, K. Skog and J. Alexander (ed.), CRC Press, pp 195-213.
  • Arisseto AP, Figueiredo-Toledo MC, Govaert Y, Loco J, Fraselle S, Degroodt JM, Rosseto-Caroba DC. 2009. Contribution of selected foods to acrylamide intake by a population of Brazilian adolescents. LWT - Food Sci Tech, 42: 207-211.
  • JECFA (Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives). 2011. Evaluation of certain food additives and contaminants. 72nd report of the joint FAO/WHO expert committee on food additive WHO Technical Report Series 959.
  • Mojska H, Gielecin I, Szponar L, Oltarzewski M. 2010. Estimation of the dietary acrylamide exposure of the Polish population. Food Chem Tox, 48: 2090-2096.
  • Hilbig A, Freidank N, Kersting M, Wilhelm M, Wittsiepe J. 2004. Estimation of the dietary intake of acrylamide by German infants, children and adolescents as calculated from dietary records and available data on acrylamide levels in food groups. Int J Hyg Environ Health, 207 (5): 463-71.
  • EFSA (European Food Safety Authority). 2011. Scientific report of EFSA, Results on acrylamide levels in food from monitoring years 2007-2009 and exposure assessment. EFSA J, 9 (4): 2133.
  • Dybing E, Sanner T. 2003. Risk Assessment of Acrylamide in Foods. Tox Sci, 75: 7-15.
  • New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection-Division of Air Quality- Air Quality Permitting Program-Air Quality Evaluation Section. 2009. Guidance on risk Assessment for Air Contaminant Emissions, Technical Manual 1003, New Jersey, USA. 37 p.
  • USEPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency). 1994. Chemical Summary for Acrylamide. http://www.epa.gov/chemfact/s_acryla.txt (erişim tarihi: 05 şubat 2012).
  • USEPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency). National Air Toxic Assessment-Estimated Risk. http://www.epa.gov/ttn/atw/nata/risksum.html (erişim tarihi: 05 şubat 2012).
  • Joint FAO/WHO. 2002. Consultation on Health Implications of Acrylamide in Food. Health implications of acrylamide in food: report of a joint FAO/WHO consultation, WHO. Headquarters, Geneva, Switzerland, 25-27 June 2002.
  • Mucci LA, Wilson KM. 2008. Acrylamide intake through diet and human cancer risk. J Agric Food Chem, 56 (15): 6013-6019.
There are 40 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Cennet Pelin Boyacı This is me

Mehmet Fatih Cengiz This is me

Publication Date October 1, 2012
Published in Issue Year 2012 Volume: 37 Issue: 5

Cite

APA Boyacı, C. P. ., & Cengiz, M. F. . (2012). Gıdalarda Akrilamid Risk Değerlendirme Çalışmaları. Gıda, 37(5), 287-294.
AMA Boyacı CP, Cengiz MF. Gıdalarda Akrilamid Risk Değerlendirme Çalışmaları. The Journal of Food. October 2012;37(5):287-294.
Chicago Boyacı, Cennet Pelin, and Mehmet Fatih Cengiz. “Gıdalarda Akrilamid Risk Değerlendirme Çalışmaları”. Gıda 37, no. 5 (October 2012): 287-94.
EndNote Boyacı CP, Cengiz MF (October 1, 2012) Gıdalarda Akrilamid Risk Değerlendirme Çalışmaları. Gıda 37 5 287–294.
IEEE C. P. . Boyacı and M. F. . Cengiz, “Gıdalarda Akrilamid Risk Değerlendirme Çalışmaları”, The Journal of Food, vol. 37, no. 5, pp. 287–294, 2012.
ISNAD Boyacı, Cennet Pelin - Cengiz, Mehmet Fatih. “Gıdalarda Akrilamid Risk Değerlendirme Çalışmaları”. Gıda 37/5 (October 2012), 287-294.
JAMA Boyacı CP, Cengiz MF. Gıdalarda Akrilamid Risk Değerlendirme Çalışmaları. The Journal of Food. 2012;37:287–294.
MLA Boyacı, Cennet Pelin and Mehmet Fatih Cengiz. “Gıdalarda Akrilamid Risk Değerlendirme Çalışmaları”. Gıda, vol. 37, no. 5, 2012, pp. 287-94.
Vancouver Boyacı CP, Cengiz MF. Gıdalarda Akrilamid Risk Değerlendirme Çalışmaları. The Journal of Food. 2012;37(5):287-94.

by-nc.png

GIDA Dergisi Creative Commons Atıf-Gayri Ticari 4.0 (CC BY-NC 4.0) Uluslararası Lisansı ile lisanslanmıştır. 

GIDA / The Journal of FOOD is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0).

https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/