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The Applications of Subcritical Water Extraction for The Food Industry (Turkish with English Abstract)

Year 2014, Volume: 39 Issue: 1, 41 - 48, 01.02.2014

Abstract

Subcritical water extraction has demonstrated its ability to selectively extract different classes of compounds depending on the temperature used, with the more polar extracted at lower temperatures and the less polar compounds extracted at higher temperatures. Subcritical water extraction is an environmentally friendly technique that toxic organic solvents have not been used for the extraction of the natural food components. This method also can provide higher selectivities, shorter extraction times and higher extraction yields. In this study, it was investigated the principles of subcritical water extraction and the effective parameters for subcritical water extraction process. It was also examined subcritical water extraction applications of bioactive compounds in different food matrices.

References

  • Sahena F, Zaidul ISM, Jinap S, Karim AA, Abbas KA, Norulaini NAN, Omar AKM. 2009. Application of supercritical CO2in lipid extraction- A review. J Food Eng, (95), 240-253
  • Munshi P, Bhaduri S. 2009. Supercritical CO2: a twemty first century solvent for the chemical industry. Curr Sci, (97), 63-72.
  • Hyotylainen T. 2009. Critical evaluation of sample pretreatment techniques. Anal Bioanal Chem, 394 (3), 743-758.
  • Sunarso J, Ismadji S. 2009. Decontamination of hazardous substances from solid matrices and liquids using supercritical fluids extraction: a review. J Hazard Mater, 161 (1), 1-20.
  • Beek TA, Tetala KKR, Koleva II, Dapkevicius A, Exarchou V, Jeurissen SMF, Claassen FW, Klift EJC. 2009. Recent developments in the rapid analysis of plants and tracking their bioactive constituents. Phytochem Rev, (8), 387-399.
  • Teo CC, Tana SN, Hong Yonga JW, Hewb CS, Ong ES. 2010. Pressurized hot water extraction (PHWE). J Chromatogr A, 1217 (16), 2484-94.
  • Kim WJ, Kim J, Veriansyah B, KimJD, Lee YW, Oh SG, Tjandrawinata RR. 2009. Extraction of bioactive compounds from Centella asiatica using subcritical water. J Supercrit Fluids, (48), 211-216.
  • Teo CC, Tan SN, Yong JWH, Hew CS, Ong ES. 2009. Validation of green-solvent extraction combined with chromatographic chemical fingerprint to evaluate quality of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni. J Sep Sci, 32 (4), 613-622.
  • Zaibunnisa AH, Norashikin S, Mamot S, Osman H. 2008. An experimental design approach for the extraction of volatile compounds from turmeric leaves (Curcuma domestica) using Pressurised Liquid Extraction (PLE). LWT-Food Sci Technol, (42), 233-238.
  • Roudsari MH, Chang PR, Pegg RB, Tyler RT. 2009. Antioxidant capacity of bioactives extracted from canola meal by subcritical water, ethanolic and hot water extraction. Food Chem, (114), 717-726. 11. Zbiral J, Nemec P. 2009. Comparision of some soil extractants for determination of boron. Commun Soil Sci Plant Anal, (40), 96-105.
  • Rodr guez-Meizoso I, Marin FR, Herrero M, Senorans FJ, Reglero G, Cifuentes A, Ibánez E. 2006. Subcritical water extraction of nutraceuticals with antioxidant activity from oregano, Chemical and functional characterization. J Pharm Biomed Anal, (41), 1560-1565.
  • Ozel MZ, Gogus F, Lewis AC. 2003. Subcritical water extraction of essential oils from Thymbra spicata. Food Chem., (82), 381-386.
  • Teo CC, Tan SN, Yong JWH, Hew CS, Ong ES. 2008. Evaluation of the extraction efficiency of thermally labile bioactive compounds in Gastrodia elata Blume by pressurized hot water extraction and microwave-assisted extraction. J Chromatogr A, 1182 (1), 34-40.
  • Hyotylainen T. 2009. Critical evaluation of sample pretreatment techniques. Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 394 (3), 743-758.
  • Shi J, Xue SJ, Ma Y, Jiang Y, Ye X, Yu D. 2012. Green separation technologies in food processing: supercritical-CO2fluid and subcritical water extraction. In: Green Technologies in Food Production and Processing Food Engineering Series. Arcand, Yves (chief ed), Springer-e book, Chapter 11, pp. 273-294.
  • Jiang ZJ, Liu F, Goh JL, Yu LJ, Li SFY, Ong ES, Ong CN. 2009. Determination of senkirkine and senecionine in Tussilago farfara using microwave- assisted extraction and pressurized hot water extraction with liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Talanta, 79 (2), 539-546.
  • Marazuela MD, Bogialli S. 2009. A review of novel strategies of sample preperation for the determination of antibacterial residues in foodstuffs using liquid chromatography-based analytical methods. Anal Chim Acta, (645), 5-17.
  • Hoshino M, Tanaka M, Terada A, Sasaki M, Goto M. 2009. Seperation and characterization of pectin from juice procesing residue extracted by sub-critical water. The 5th ISFR, October 11-14, Chengdu, China.
  • Nerin C, Salafranca J, Aznar M, Batle R. 2009. Critical review on recent developments in solventless techniques for extraction of analytes. Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 393 (3), 809-833.
  • Jiménez-Carmona MM, Uberab JL, Luque de Castroa MD. 1999. Comparison of continuous subcritical water extraction and hydrodistillation of marjoram essential oil. J Chromatogr A, (855), 625-632.
  • Ayala RS, Luque de Castro MD. 2001. Continuous subcritical water extraction as a useful tool for isolation of edible essential oils. Food Chem., (75), 109-113.
  • Eikani M H, Golmohammad F, Rowshanzamir S. 2007. Subcritical water extraction of essential oils from coriander seeds (Coriandrum sativum L.). J Food Eng, (80), 735-740.
  • Ju ZY ve Howard LR. 2005. Effects of solvent and temperature on pressurized liquid extraction of anthocyanins and total phenolics from dried red grape skin. J Agric Food Chem, (51), 5207-5213. 25. Wiboonsirikul J, Kimura Y, Kadota M, Morita M, Tsuno T, Adachi S. 2007. Properties of extracts from defatted rice bran by its subcritical water treatment. J Agric Food Chem, (55), 8759-8765.
  • Baek JY, Lee J M, Lee S C 2008. Extraction of nutraceutical compounds from licorice roots with subcritical water. Sep Purif Technol, (63), 661-664. 27. Rangsriwong P, Rangkadilok N, Satayavivad J, Goto M, Shotipruk A. 2009. Subcritical water extraction of polyphenolic compounds from Terminalia chebula Retz. Fruits. Sep Purif Technol, (66), 51-56.
  • Çam M. 2009. Basınçlı Solvent Ekstraktörü Kullanılarak Nar Kabu¤u ve Çekirde¤inin Antioksidan Bilefliklerinin Su ‹le Ekstraksiyonu. Doktora tezi, Ege Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 245s.
  • Monrad JK, Howard LR, King GJW, Srinivas K, Mauromoustakos A. 2010. Subcritical solvent extraction of procyanidins from dried red grape pomace. J Agric Food Chem, 58 (7), 4014-4021.
  • Ibanez E, Kubátová A, Senoráns FJ, Cavero S, Reglero G, Hawthorne SB. 2003. Subcritical water extraction of antioxidant compounds from rosemary plants. J Agric Food Chem, 51, 375-382. 31. Herrero M, Mart n- lvarez PJ, Senoráns FJ, Cifuentes A, Ibánez E. 2005. Optimization of accelerated solvent extraction of antioxidants from Spirulina platensis microalga. Food Chem., (93), 417-423.
  • Ho CHL, Cacacea JE, Mazza G. 2007. Extraction of lignans, proteins and carbohydrates from flaxseed meal with pressurized low polarity water. LWT- Food Sci Technol, (40), 1637-1647.
  • Özkaynak Kanmaz E, Ova G. 2013. The Effective Parameters for Subcritical Water Extraction of SDG lignan from Flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) Using Accelerated Solvent Extractor. Eur Food Res Technol, 237(2), 159-166.
  • Özkaynak Kanmaz E. 2013. Subcritical Water Extraction of Phenolic Compounds from Flaxseed Meal Sticks Using Accelerated Solvent Extractor (ASE). Eur Food Res Technol, DOI: 10.1007/ s00217-013-2088-5.
  • Hata S, Wiboonsirikul J, Maedab A, Kimura Y, Adachi S. 2007. Extraction of defatted rice bran by subcritical water treatment. Biochem Eng J, 40 (1), 44-53.
  • Zaibunnisa AH, Norashikin S, Mamot S, Osman H 2009. An experimental design approach for the extraction of volatile compounds from turmeric leaves (Curcuma domestica) using pressurised liquid extraction (PLE). LWT-Food Sci Technol, 42 (1), 233-238.
  • Ghoreishi SM, Gholami Shahrestani R, Ghaziaskar SH. 2008. Subcritical Water Extraction of Mannitol from Olive Leaves. World Academy of Science, Eng Technol, (19), 114-124.
  • Yang Y, Kayan B, Bozer N, Pate B, Baker C, Gizir AM. 2007. Terpene degradation and extraction from basil and oregano leaves using subcritical water. J Chromatogr A, (1152), 262-267.
  • Kubátová A. Miller DJ, Hawthorne SB. 2001. Comparison of subcritical water and organic solvents for extracting kava lactones from kava root. J Chromatogr A, (923), 187-194.
  • Güçlü-Üstünda¤ Ö, Balsevich J, Mazza G. 2007. Pressurized low polarity water extraction of saponins from cow cockle seed. J Food Eng, (80), 619-630.
  • Mukhopadhyay S, Luthria DL, Robbins RJ. 2006. Optimization of extraction process for phenolic acids from black cohosh (Cimicifuga racemosa) by pressurized liquid extraction. J Sci Food Agric, (86), 156-162.
  • Luthria DL. 2008. Influence of experimental conditions on the extraction of phenolic compounds from parsley (Petroselinum crispum) flakes using a pressurized liquid extractor. Food Chem, (107), 745-752.
  • Budrat P, Shotipruk A. 2009. Enhanced recovery of phenolic compounds from bitter melon (Momordica charantia) by subcritical water extraction. Sep Purif Technol, 66 (1), 125-129.
  • Li P, Li SP, Lao SC, Fu CM, Kan KKW, Wang YT. 2006. Optimization of pressurized liquid extraction for Z-ligustilide, Z-butylidenephthalide and ferulic acid in Angelica sinensis. J Pharm Biomed Anal, (40), 1073-1079.
  • Alonso-Salces RM, Korta E, Barranco A, Berrueta L, Gallo B, Vicente F. 2001. Pressurized liquid extraction fort he determination of polyphenols in apple. J Chromatogr A, (933), 37-43. 46. Garc a-Marino M, Rivas-Gonzalo JC, Ibanez E, Garcıa-Moreno C. 2006. Recovery of catechins and proanthocyanidins from winery by-products using subcritical water extraction. Anal Chim Acta, (563), 44-50.
  • Pongnaravane B, Goto M, Sasaki M, Anekpankul T, Pavasant P, Shotipruk A. 2006. Extraction of anthraquinones from roots of Morinda citrifolia by pressurized hot water: Antioxidant activity of extracts. J Supercrit Fluids, (37), 390-396.
  • Baek JY, Lee JM, Lee SC. 2008. Extraction of nutraceutical compounds from licorice roots with subcritical water. Sep Purif Technol, (63), 661- 664.
  • Hassas-Roudsari M, Chang PR, Pegg RB, Tyler RT. 2009. Antioxidant capacity of bioactives extracted from canola meal by subcritical water, ethanolic and hot water extraction. Food Chem., (114), 717-726.
  • Kim JW, Mazza G. 2009. Extraction and Separation of Carbohydrates and Phenolic Compounds in Flax Shives with pH-Controlled Pressurized Low Polarity Water. J. Agric. Food Chem, (57), 1805-1813.
  • Dionex 2013. Accelerated Solvent Extraction, http://www.dionex.com/en-us/products/sample- preparation/ase/accessories/lp-72860.html. (Eriflim tarihi: 24.08.2013).

Kritik Altı Su Ekstraksiyonu İşleminin Gıda Endüstrisinde Kullanımına Yönelik Uygulamalar

Year 2014, Volume: 39 Issue: 1, 41 - 48, 01.02.2014

Abstract

Kritik altı su ekstraksiyonu işleminde kullanılan sıcaklığa bağlı olarak çeşitli polaritedeki bileşikleri elde etmek mümkün olup daha düşük sıcaklıklarda polaritesi yüksek bileşikler, daha yüksek sıcaklıklarda ise polaritesi düşük bileşikler ekstrakte elde edilebilmektedir. Kritik altı su ekstraksiyonu doğal gıda bileşenlerinin ekstraksiyonu amacıyla toksik organik bileşiklerin kullanılmadığı çevre dostu bir tekniktir. Bu teknik ayrıca daha düşük ekstraksiyon süresi, daha yüksek kaliteli ekstrakt ve daha düşük maliyet gibi bazı avantajlara da sahiptir. Bu çalışmada kritik altı su ekstraksiyonunun prensipleri ve kritik altı su ekstraksiyonu işlemini etkileyen parametreler incelenmiş olup ayrıca çeşitli gıda matrikslerindeki biyoaktif bileşiklerin kritik altı su ekstraksiyonu uygulamaları ele alınmıştır.

References

  • Sahena F, Zaidul ISM, Jinap S, Karim AA, Abbas KA, Norulaini NAN, Omar AKM. 2009. Application of supercritical CO2in lipid extraction- A review. J Food Eng, (95), 240-253
  • Munshi P, Bhaduri S. 2009. Supercritical CO2: a twemty first century solvent for the chemical industry. Curr Sci, (97), 63-72.
  • Hyotylainen T. 2009. Critical evaluation of sample pretreatment techniques. Anal Bioanal Chem, 394 (3), 743-758.
  • Sunarso J, Ismadji S. 2009. Decontamination of hazardous substances from solid matrices and liquids using supercritical fluids extraction: a review. J Hazard Mater, 161 (1), 1-20.
  • Beek TA, Tetala KKR, Koleva II, Dapkevicius A, Exarchou V, Jeurissen SMF, Claassen FW, Klift EJC. 2009. Recent developments in the rapid analysis of plants and tracking their bioactive constituents. Phytochem Rev, (8), 387-399.
  • Teo CC, Tana SN, Hong Yonga JW, Hewb CS, Ong ES. 2010. Pressurized hot water extraction (PHWE). J Chromatogr A, 1217 (16), 2484-94.
  • Kim WJ, Kim J, Veriansyah B, KimJD, Lee YW, Oh SG, Tjandrawinata RR. 2009. Extraction of bioactive compounds from Centella asiatica using subcritical water. J Supercrit Fluids, (48), 211-216.
  • Teo CC, Tan SN, Yong JWH, Hew CS, Ong ES. 2009. Validation of green-solvent extraction combined with chromatographic chemical fingerprint to evaluate quality of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni. J Sep Sci, 32 (4), 613-622.
  • Zaibunnisa AH, Norashikin S, Mamot S, Osman H. 2008. An experimental design approach for the extraction of volatile compounds from turmeric leaves (Curcuma domestica) using Pressurised Liquid Extraction (PLE). LWT-Food Sci Technol, (42), 233-238.
  • Roudsari MH, Chang PR, Pegg RB, Tyler RT. 2009. Antioxidant capacity of bioactives extracted from canola meal by subcritical water, ethanolic and hot water extraction. Food Chem, (114), 717-726. 11. Zbiral J, Nemec P. 2009. Comparision of some soil extractants for determination of boron. Commun Soil Sci Plant Anal, (40), 96-105.
  • Rodr guez-Meizoso I, Marin FR, Herrero M, Senorans FJ, Reglero G, Cifuentes A, Ibánez E. 2006. Subcritical water extraction of nutraceuticals with antioxidant activity from oregano, Chemical and functional characterization. J Pharm Biomed Anal, (41), 1560-1565.
  • Ozel MZ, Gogus F, Lewis AC. 2003. Subcritical water extraction of essential oils from Thymbra spicata. Food Chem., (82), 381-386.
  • Teo CC, Tan SN, Yong JWH, Hew CS, Ong ES. 2008. Evaluation of the extraction efficiency of thermally labile bioactive compounds in Gastrodia elata Blume by pressurized hot water extraction and microwave-assisted extraction. J Chromatogr A, 1182 (1), 34-40.
  • Hyotylainen T. 2009. Critical evaluation of sample pretreatment techniques. Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 394 (3), 743-758.
  • Shi J, Xue SJ, Ma Y, Jiang Y, Ye X, Yu D. 2012. Green separation technologies in food processing: supercritical-CO2fluid and subcritical water extraction. In: Green Technologies in Food Production and Processing Food Engineering Series. Arcand, Yves (chief ed), Springer-e book, Chapter 11, pp. 273-294.
  • Jiang ZJ, Liu F, Goh JL, Yu LJ, Li SFY, Ong ES, Ong CN. 2009. Determination of senkirkine and senecionine in Tussilago farfara using microwave- assisted extraction and pressurized hot water extraction with liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Talanta, 79 (2), 539-546.
  • Marazuela MD, Bogialli S. 2009. A review of novel strategies of sample preperation for the determination of antibacterial residues in foodstuffs using liquid chromatography-based analytical methods. Anal Chim Acta, (645), 5-17.
  • Hoshino M, Tanaka M, Terada A, Sasaki M, Goto M. 2009. Seperation and characterization of pectin from juice procesing residue extracted by sub-critical water. The 5th ISFR, October 11-14, Chengdu, China.
  • Nerin C, Salafranca J, Aznar M, Batle R. 2009. Critical review on recent developments in solventless techniques for extraction of analytes. Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 393 (3), 809-833.
  • Jiménez-Carmona MM, Uberab JL, Luque de Castroa MD. 1999. Comparison of continuous subcritical water extraction and hydrodistillation of marjoram essential oil. J Chromatogr A, (855), 625-632.
  • Ayala RS, Luque de Castro MD. 2001. Continuous subcritical water extraction as a useful tool for isolation of edible essential oils. Food Chem., (75), 109-113.
  • Eikani M H, Golmohammad F, Rowshanzamir S. 2007. Subcritical water extraction of essential oils from coriander seeds (Coriandrum sativum L.). J Food Eng, (80), 735-740.
  • Ju ZY ve Howard LR. 2005. Effects of solvent and temperature on pressurized liquid extraction of anthocyanins and total phenolics from dried red grape skin. J Agric Food Chem, (51), 5207-5213. 25. Wiboonsirikul J, Kimura Y, Kadota M, Morita M, Tsuno T, Adachi S. 2007. Properties of extracts from defatted rice bran by its subcritical water treatment. J Agric Food Chem, (55), 8759-8765.
  • Baek JY, Lee J M, Lee S C 2008. Extraction of nutraceutical compounds from licorice roots with subcritical water. Sep Purif Technol, (63), 661-664. 27. Rangsriwong P, Rangkadilok N, Satayavivad J, Goto M, Shotipruk A. 2009. Subcritical water extraction of polyphenolic compounds from Terminalia chebula Retz. Fruits. Sep Purif Technol, (66), 51-56.
  • Çam M. 2009. Basınçlı Solvent Ekstraktörü Kullanılarak Nar Kabu¤u ve Çekirde¤inin Antioksidan Bilefliklerinin Su ‹le Ekstraksiyonu. Doktora tezi, Ege Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 245s.
  • Monrad JK, Howard LR, King GJW, Srinivas K, Mauromoustakos A. 2010. Subcritical solvent extraction of procyanidins from dried red grape pomace. J Agric Food Chem, 58 (7), 4014-4021.
  • Ibanez E, Kubátová A, Senoráns FJ, Cavero S, Reglero G, Hawthorne SB. 2003. Subcritical water extraction of antioxidant compounds from rosemary plants. J Agric Food Chem, 51, 375-382. 31. Herrero M, Mart n- lvarez PJ, Senoráns FJ, Cifuentes A, Ibánez E. 2005. Optimization of accelerated solvent extraction of antioxidants from Spirulina platensis microalga. Food Chem., (93), 417-423.
  • Ho CHL, Cacacea JE, Mazza G. 2007. Extraction of lignans, proteins and carbohydrates from flaxseed meal with pressurized low polarity water. LWT- Food Sci Technol, (40), 1637-1647.
  • Özkaynak Kanmaz E, Ova G. 2013. The Effective Parameters for Subcritical Water Extraction of SDG lignan from Flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) Using Accelerated Solvent Extractor. Eur Food Res Technol, 237(2), 159-166.
  • Özkaynak Kanmaz E. 2013. Subcritical Water Extraction of Phenolic Compounds from Flaxseed Meal Sticks Using Accelerated Solvent Extractor (ASE). Eur Food Res Technol, DOI: 10.1007/ s00217-013-2088-5.
  • Hata S, Wiboonsirikul J, Maedab A, Kimura Y, Adachi S. 2007. Extraction of defatted rice bran by subcritical water treatment. Biochem Eng J, 40 (1), 44-53.
  • Zaibunnisa AH, Norashikin S, Mamot S, Osman H 2009. An experimental design approach for the extraction of volatile compounds from turmeric leaves (Curcuma domestica) using pressurised liquid extraction (PLE). LWT-Food Sci Technol, 42 (1), 233-238.
  • Ghoreishi SM, Gholami Shahrestani R, Ghaziaskar SH. 2008. Subcritical Water Extraction of Mannitol from Olive Leaves. World Academy of Science, Eng Technol, (19), 114-124.
  • Yang Y, Kayan B, Bozer N, Pate B, Baker C, Gizir AM. 2007. Terpene degradation and extraction from basil and oregano leaves using subcritical water. J Chromatogr A, (1152), 262-267.
  • Kubátová A. Miller DJ, Hawthorne SB. 2001. Comparison of subcritical water and organic solvents for extracting kava lactones from kava root. J Chromatogr A, (923), 187-194.
  • Güçlü-Üstünda¤ Ö, Balsevich J, Mazza G. 2007. Pressurized low polarity water extraction of saponins from cow cockle seed. J Food Eng, (80), 619-630.
  • Mukhopadhyay S, Luthria DL, Robbins RJ. 2006. Optimization of extraction process for phenolic acids from black cohosh (Cimicifuga racemosa) by pressurized liquid extraction. J Sci Food Agric, (86), 156-162.
  • Luthria DL. 2008. Influence of experimental conditions on the extraction of phenolic compounds from parsley (Petroselinum crispum) flakes using a pressurized liquid extractor. Food Chem, (107), 745-752.
  • Budrat P, Shotipruk A. 2009. Enhanced recovery of phenolic compounds from bitter melon (Momordica charantia) by subcritical water extraction. Sep Purif Technol, 66 (1), 125-129.
  • Li P, Li SP, Lao SC, Fu CM, Kan KKW, Wang YT. 2006. Optimization of pressurized liquid extraction for Z-ligustilide, Z-butylidenephthalide and ferulic acid in Angelica sinensis. J Pharm Biomed Anal, (40), 1073-1079.
  • Alonso-Salces RM, Korta E, Barranco A, Berrueta L, Gallo B, Vicente F. 2001. Pressurized liquid extraction fort he determination of polyphenols in apple. J Chromatogr A, (933), 37-43. 46. Garc a-Marino M, Rivas-Gonzalo JC, Ibanez E, Garcıa-Moreno C. 2006. Recovery of catechins and proanthocyanidins from winery by-products using subcritical water extraction. Anal Chim Acta, (563), 44-50.
  • Pongnaravane B, Goto M, Sasaki M, Anekpankul T, Pavasant P, Shotipruk A. 2006. Extraction of anthraquinones from roots of Morinda citrifolia by pressurized hot water: Antioxidant activity of extracts. J Supercrit Fluids, (37), 390-396.
  • Baek JY, Lee JM, Lee SC. 2008. Extraction of nutraceutical compounds from licorice roots with subcritical water. Sep Purif Technol, (63), 661- 664.
  • Hassas-Roudsari M, Chang PR, Pegg RB, Tyler RT. 2009. Antioxidant capacity of bioactives extracted from canola meal by subcritical water, ethanolic and hot water extraction. Food Chem., (114), 717-726.
  • Kim JW, Mazza G. 2009. Extraction and Separation of Carbohydrates and Phenolic Compounds in Flax Shives with pH-Controlled Pressurized Low Polarity Water. J. Agric. Food Chem, (57), 1805-1813.
  • Dionex 2013. Accelerated Solvent Extraction, http://www.dionex.com/en-us/products/sample- preparation/ase/accessories/lp-72860.html. (Eriflim tarihi: 24.08.2013).
There are 46 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Evrim Özkaynak Kanmaz This is me

Gülden Ova This is me

Publication Date February 1, 2014
Published in Issue Year 2014 Volume: 39 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Kanmaz, E. Ö. ., & Ova, G. . (2014). Kritik Altı Su Ekstraksiyonu İşleminin Gıda Endüstrisinde Kullanımına Yönelik Uygulamalar. Gıda, 39(1), 41-48.
AMA Kanmaz EÖ, Ova G. Kritik Altı Su Ekstraksiyonu İşleminin Gıda Endüstrisinde Kullanımına Yönelik Uygulamalar. The Journal of Food. February 2014;39(1):41-48.
Chicago Kanmaz, Evrim Özkaynak, and Gülden Ova. “Kritik Altı Su Ekstraksiyonu İşleminin Gıda Endüstrisinde Kullanımına Yönelik Uygulamalar”. Gıda 39, no. 1 (February 2014): 41-48.
EndNote Kanmaz EÖ, Ova G (February 1, 2014) Kritik Altı Su Ekstraksiyonu İşleminin Gıda Endüstrisinde Kullanımına Yönelik Uygulamalar. Gıda 39 1 41–48.
IEEE E. Ö. . Kanmaz and G. . Ova, “Kritik Altı Su Ekstraksiyonu İşleminin Gıda Endüstrisinde Kullanımına Yönelik Uygulamalar”, The Journal of Food, vol. 39, no. 1, pp. 41–48, 2014.
ISNAD Kanmaz, Evrim Özkaynak - Ova, Gülden. “Kritik Altı Su Ekstraksiyonu İşleminin Gıda Endüstrisinde Kullanımına Yönelik Uygulamalar”. Gıda 39/1 (February 2014), 41-48.
JAMA Kanmaz EÖ, Ova G. Kritik Altı Su Ekstraksiyonu İşleminin Gıda Endüstrisinde Kullanımına Yönelik Uygulamalar. The Journal of Food. 2014;39:41–48.
MLA Kanmaz, Evrim Özkaynak and Gülden Ova. “Kritik Altı Su Ekstraksiyonu İşleminin Gıda Endüstrisinde Kullanımına Yönelik Uygulamalar”. Gıda, vol. 39, no. 1, 2014, pp. 41-48.
Vancouver Kanmaz EÖ, Ova G. Kritik Altı Su Ekstraksiyonu İşleminin Gıda Endüstrisinde Kullanımına Yönelik Uygulamalar. The Journal of Food. 2014;39(1):41-8.

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