The Holy Book Between Strong and Weak Thoughts (Ontologies)

Year 2024, Volume: 13 Issue: 26, 359 - 416

Fatma Sayın Burhanettin Tatar

https://doi.org/10.53683/gifad.1461937

Abstract

In this essay, we attempt to ascertain the place of the holy book in the metaphysical (strong) thought systems of the Peripatetic philosophers and the post-metaphysical philosophies of Vattimo and Caputo, considering Eliade's archaic (primitive) ontology. The following queries are at the heart of this article: Are we creatures who endeavor to perceive reality to some extent? Or can it take on the function of the universal arbitrator, able to climb to the position of defining boundaries between various (opposite, competing) conceptions of reality by discerning between the real and the unreal in their purest form? These queries highlight the areas of distinction between classical and modern philosophical systems and post-modern thought.
Post-modern philosophers contend that the best we can do is attempt to bear witness to reality, and that metaphysical systems' creation of meta-narratives amount to nothing more than the presenting of a particular historical interpretation or point of view as a universal meta-narrative. Metaphysical perspectives, both classical and contemporary, acknowledge that the human intellect is capable of becoming the ultimate arbiter. The question of whether or not humans can directly pierce reality is the key difference between these two methodologies. Although Vattimo and Caputo acknowledge that people may only reach reality indirectly—that is, through interpretation—through things like culture, tradition, language, and so on, metaphysical philosophies contend that humans can reach truth directly by piercing the realm of interpretation.

Keywords

Islamic Philosophy, Holy book, Peripatetic Philosophy, Post-metaphysical thought, John Caputo, Gianni Wattimo

Güçlü ve Zayıf Düşünceler (Ontolojiler) Arasında Kutsal Kitap

Abstract

Bu makalede Eliade’ın arkaik (primitif) ontolojisini dikkate alarak, Meşşai filozofların metafiziksel (güçlü) düşünce sistemleri ve Vattimo ile Caputo’nun post-metafiziksel felsefeleri içinde kutsal kitabın nasıl konumlandırıldığını belirlemeye çalışmaktayız. Bu yazının merkezinde şu sorular bulunmaktadır: İnsan gerçekliğe şu veya bu ölçüde tanıklık etmeye çalışan bir varlık mıdır? Yoksa gerçek ile gerçek olmayanı saf haliyle birbirinden ayırabilecek bir konuma yükselebilen, dolayısıyla birbirinden farklı (zıt, çatışan) gerçeklik tasavvurları arasında sınırlar çizen evrensel hakem rolünü üstlenebilir mi? Bu sorular post-modern düşünce ile klasik ve modern metafiziksel sistemlerin birbirinden ayrıştığı noktayı gösterirler. Post-modern filozoflar en fazla gerçekliğe tanık olmaya çalışabileceğimizi, metafiziksel sistemlerin ürettiği üst anlatılarının sadece tarihsel bir yorum veya perspektifin evrensel bir üst-anlatı gibi takdiminden ibaret olduğunu ileri sürerler. Klasik ve modern metafiziksel yaklaşımlar ise insan aklının evrensel hakem konumuna yükselebileceğini kabul ederler. Bu iki yaklaşımı birbirinden ayıran en temel husus ise insanın gerçekliğe doğrudan nüfuz edip edemeyeceği sorusudur. Vattimo ve Caputo insanın gerçekliğe ancak dolaylı yani yorum (kültür, gelenek, dil vs) üzerinden erişebildiğini kabul ederken, metafiziksel felsefeler insanın gerçekliğe yorum mekânını aşarak doğrudan nüfuz edebildiğini ileri sürerler.

Keywords

İslam Felsefesi, Kutsal kitap, Meşşai felsefe, Post-metafiziksel düşünce, John Caputo, Gianni Vattimo

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