Havacılığın Kâbus Yılı 2020: Havayollarının Covid-19 ve Önceki Krizlere Tepkileri & Yerde Kalan Uçaklar

Year 2021, Volume: 16 Issue: 1, 1 - 14, 11.08.2021

Murat Taşdemir Erdal Aydın

Abstract

2020 yılı modern havacılık tarihine en büyük krizin yaşandığı, uçuş ve yolcu talebinde en çok düşüşün gerçekleştiği yıl olarak geçmiştir. COVID-19 salgını sebebiyle havayolları uçaklarının büyük kısmını uçuştan çekmek zorunda kalmışlar ve atıl vaziyette çeşitli havalimanlarında parklamışlardır. Çalışmada havacılık sektörünün daha önce yaşadığı OPEC petrol ambargosu, 11 Eylül olayları, SARS, MERS, Kuş gribi salgınları gibi sektörü derinden krizlere değinilmiş, bunlara karşılık olarak havayollarının krizden çıkış stratejileri incelenmiştir. COVID-19 salgını dolayısıyla havacılık sektörünün kayıpları irdelenmiş ve krizin boyutu kıyaslamalı olarak sunulmuştur. Havayollarının ihtiyaç fazlası olan uçaklarını parklamak için uyguladığı yöntemler incelenmiş, uzun süre parklama yapmak zorunda kalan uçaklar için yer seçimi, bakım gereksinimleri çalışmaya dahil edilmiştir. Avrupa’da faaliyet gösteren geleneksel model (FSNC) havayollarının kriz süresince hareket tarzları irdelenmiştir. Örneklem; en fazla yolcu taşımacılığı gerçekleştiren, farklı ülkelerden havayollarını içermektedir. British Airways, Lufthansa, KLM, Air France ve Türk Havayolları geleneksel taşımacılık yapan havayolları olarak incelenmiş, Türkiye’deki durumu yansıtması açısından Pegasus Havayolları’nın durumu da analiz edilmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda havayollarının parklama için öncelikli olarak ana merkezlerinin bulunduğu havalimanlarını tercih ettikleri, birden fazla merkezi bulunan havayollarının tali merkezlerine parklama yaptıkları tespit edilmiştir. Krizin başlangıcında yasaklardan en fazla etkilenen şirketlerin Türk Havayolları ve Pegasus Havayolları olduğu görünmüş ancak yasakların hafiflemesi ile en fazla atılım yapan havayolunun Pegasus Havayolları olduğu gözlenmiştir. Tüm yıl boyunca uçaklarını en fazla yerde tutmak zorunda kalan havayolunun British Airways ve kriz öncesi uçuş sayılarına oranla en az etkilenen havayolunun KLM olduğu çalışmaya yansımıştır.

Keywords

Havacılık Yönetimi, Kurumsal Yönetişim, Kriz Yönetimi, Stratejik Yönetim

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