İSTİHDAM İÇİN ULUSAL İNOVASYON SİSTEMİ ÖNERİSİ: KENT LABORATUVARLARI

Year 2022, Volume: 17 Issue: 2, 92 - 105, 11.01.2023

Mustafa Bekmezci

Abstract

Sanayi devrimiyle birlikte ülkeler açısından kalkınma ve refah konuları çeşitli açılardan ele alınmakla birlikte bir amaç olarak görülmüştür. Bu amaca ulaşma yollarından biri olarak 80 yılı aşkın bir süredir inovasyon kavramı kullanılmaktadır. İnovasyon yalnızca kalkınmaya değil aynı zamanda istihdamda da artışa neden olmaktadır. Ayrıca inovasyonun istihdam üzerindeki doğrudan etkisinin yanı sıra kalkınma aracılığıyla sağladığı etki de ayrıca incelenmektedir. Ülkelerin kalkınması konusunda şehirlere düşen görev güç geçtikte artmakta ve nüfusun büyük bir çoğunluğunun şehirlerde yaşamaya başlamasıyla birlikte şehirlerin kalkınmadaki potansiyelleri yadsınamaz bir duruma gelmektedir. Bu doğrultuda, şehrin inovasyon potansiyelin doğru bir şekilde kullanılarak kalkınmanın desteklenmesi için son 20 yılda kent laboratuvarları kavramı ön plana çıkmaktadır. Bu anlatılanlar ışığında, bu araştırmanın temel amacı kent laboratuvarlarının istihdam üzerindeki etkilerini kalkınma ve inovasyon yoluyla açıklamaya çalışmaktır.

Keywords

istihdam, kalkınma, kent laboratuvarları, inovasyon

References

• Acs, Z. (2006). How is entrepreneurship good for economic growth? Innovations: technology, governance, globalization, 1(1), 97-107.
• Antadze, N., & Westley, F. R. (2012). Impact metrics for social innovation: Barriers or bridges to radical change? Journal of Social Entrepreneurship, 3(2), 133-150.
• Baumol, W. J. (2002). The free-market innovation machine: Analyzing the growth miracle of capitalism: Princeton university press.
• Chesbrough, H., Vanhaverbeke, W., & West, J. (2006). Open innovation: Researching a new paradigm: Oxford University Press on Demand.
• Crespi, G., & Tacsir, E. (2011). Effects of innovation on employment in Latin America. Paper presented at the 2011 Atlanta conference on science and innovation policy.
• Edquist, C., Hommen, L., & McKelvey, M. D. (2001). Innovation and employment: Process versus product innovation: Edward Elgar Publishing.
• Ersoy, A., & van Bueren, E. (2020). Challenges of urban living labs towards the future of local innovation. Urban Planning, 5(4), 89-100. Fagerberg, J. (2004). Innovation: A guide to the literature.
• Fagerberg, J., Mowery, D. C., & Nelson, R. R. (2005). The Oxford handbook of innovation: Oxford university press.
• Fan, P. (2011). Innovation capacity and economic development: China and India. Economic change and restructuring, 44(1), 49-73.
• Feldman, M. P. (2001). The entrepreneurial event revisited: firm formation in a regional context. Industrial and corporate change, 10(4), 861-891.
• Freeman, C., & Soete, L. (1997). The economics of industrial innovation: Psychology Press.
• Friedmann, J. (1969). The role of cities in national development. American Behavioral Scientist, 12(5), 13-21.
• Fung, A., & Wright, E. O. (2001). Deepening democracy: Innovations in empowered participatory governance. Politics & Society, 29(1), 5-41.
• Johnson, B. (2008). Cities, systems of innovation and economic development. Innovation, 10(2-3), 146-155.
• Kahn, K. B. (2018). Understanding innovation. Business Horizons, 61(3), 453-460.
• Mạnh, P. m. H. n., Dao, H. T. T., & Van Ngoc, N. (2014). Relationship between economic growth and employment in Vietnam. Journal of Economic Development(JED, No. 222), 40-50.
• Mulgan, G. (2006). The process of social innovation. Innovations: technology, governance, globalization, 1(2), 145-162.
• Nyström, A.-G., Leminen, S., Westerlund, M., & Kortelainen, M. (2014). Actor roles and role patterns influencing innovation in living labs. Industrial Marketing Management, 43(3), 483-495.
• Pianta, M. (2003). Innovation and employment The Oxford handbook of innovation.
• Roberts, E. B. (2007). Managing invention and innovation. Research-Technology Management, 50(1), 35-54.
• Satterthwaite, D. (2010). The role of cities in sustainable development. Sustainable development insights, 4, 1-8.
• Schmid, G. (2008). Full employment in Europe: Managing labour market transitions and risks: Edward Elgar Publishing.
• Scholl, C., & Kemp, R. (2016). City labs as vehicles for innovation in urban planning processes. Urban Planning, 1(4), 89-102. Schumpeter, J. (1934). The theory of economic development Harvard University Press. Cambridge, MA.
• Shane, S., Locke, E. A., & Collins, C. J. (2003). Entrepreneurial motivation. Human resource management review, 13(2), 257-279.
• Spolaore, E., & Wacziarg, R. (2013). How deep are the roots of economic development? Journal of economic literature, 51(2), 325-369.
• Ståhlbröst, A. (2008). Forming future IT: the living lab way of user involvement. Luleå tekniska universitet.
• Steen, K., & Van Bueren, E. (2017). The defining characteristics of urban living labs. Technology Innovation Management Review, 7(7).
• Steen, K., & Van Bueren, E. (2017). Urban Living Labs: A living lab way of working.
• Twiss, B. C., & Goodridge, M. (1989). Managing technology for competitive advantage: integrating technological and organisational development: from strategy to action: Trans-Atlantic Publications.
• Vasin, S. M., Gamidullaeva, L. A., & Rostovskaya, T. K. (2017). The challenge of social innovation: Approaches and key mechanisms of development. Ziyin, Z. (2003). South Imitation, Entrepreneurship and Long Run Growth [J]. Economic Research Journal, 1.