Research Article
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The Relationship Between Psychological Capital and Entrepreneurship Intentions

Year 2017, Volume: 3 Issue: 3, 55 - 66, 02.10.2017

Işıl Önay Sibel Ayas Özlem Yaşar Uğurlu Mehmet Burçin Önay

Abstract

The
aim of this research is to find out the relationship between psychological
capital and entrepreneurship intentions. In this context, psychological capital
was assessed by four dimensions; hope, optimism, self-efficacy and resilience.
The questionnaire was completed by 143 employees from 37 different companies.
The findings of hierarchical regression analyses have revealed that
self-efficacy and hope positively affect entrepreneurial intention of employees
whereas optimism and resilience does not have a significant impact on
entrepreneurial intention.




Keywords

Psychological Capital Entrepreneurial Intentions Self-efficacy Hope Resilience Optimism

References

  • Ajzen, I. & Fishbein, M. (1980). Understanding attitudes and predicting social behavior. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
  • Ajzen, I. (1991). The Theory of Planned Behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50(2), 179-211.
  • Armitage, C. J. & Conner, M. (2001). Efficacy of the theory of planned behaviour: A meta‐analytic review. British Journal of Social Psychology, 40(4), 471-499.
  • Avey, J. B., Luthans, F. & Youssef, C. M. (2010). The additive Value of psychological capital in predicting workplace attitudes and behaviors. Journal of Management, 36(2), 430-452.
  • Avey, J. B., Reichard, R. J., Luthans, F. & Mhatre, K. H. (2011). Meta‐analysis of the impact of positive psychological capital on employee attitudes, behaviors, and performance. Human Resource Development Quarterly, 22(2), 127-152.
  • Aytaç, Ö. ve İlhan, S. (2007). Girişimcilik ve Girişimci Kültür: Sosyolojik Bir perspektif. Selçuk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 18, 101-120.
  • Bagozzi, R., Baumgartner, H. & Yi, Y. (1989). An investigation into the role of intentions as mediators of the attitude-behavior relationship. Journal of Economic Psychology 10, 35–62.
  • Bandura, A. (1997). Self-Efficacy: The Exercise of Control. New York: Freeman.
  • Başar, M., Tosunoğlu, B. T. ve Demirci, A. (2001). Girişimcilik ve Girişimcinin Yol Haritası: GG Planı. Eskişehir Ticaret Odası Yayını, Eskişehir.
  • Bird, B. (1988). Implementing entrepreneurial ideas: The case for intention. Academy of Management Review, 13(3), 442-453.
  • Boyd, N. G. & Vozikis, G. S. (1994). The influence of self-efficacy on the development of entrepreneurial intentions and actions. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 18(4), 63–77.
  • Brissette, I., Scheier, M. F. & Carver, C. S. (2002). The role of optimism in social network development, coping, and psychological adjustment during a life transition. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 82(1), 102.
  • Bullough, A., Renko, M. & Myatt, T. (2014). Danger zone entrepreneurs: The importance of resilience and self‐efficacy for entrepreneurial intentions. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 38(3), 473-499.
  • Cameron, K. S., Bright, D. & Caza, A. (2004). Exploring the relationships between organizational virtuousness and performance. American Behavioral Scientist, 47(6), 766-790.
  • Duffy, J. R. (2013). Quality Caring: In Nursing and Health Systems. 2nd Edition, New York: Springer Publishing Company, LLC.
  • Güney, S. (2008). Girişimcilik (Temel Kavramlar ve Bazı Güncel Konular). Ankara: Siyasal Kitabevi.
  • Hayward, M. L. A., Forster, W. R., Sarasvathy, S. D. & Fredrickson, B. L. (2010). Beyond hubris: How highly confident entrepreneurs rebound to venture again. Journal of Business Venturing, 25(6), 569–578.
  • İrmiş, A., Durak, G., ve Özdemir, L. (2010). Girişimcilik Kültürü, Anadolu Girişimciliğinden Örnekler. Bursa: Ekin Yayınevi.
  • Jung, D. I., Ehrlich, S. B., De Noble, A. F. & Baik, K. B. (2001). Entrepreneurial self-efficacy and its relationship to entrepreneurial action: A comparative study between the US and Korea. Management International, 6(1), 41–55.
  • Karabulut, T. (2009). Ünı̇versı̇te Öğrencı̇lerı̇nı̇n Gı̇rı̇şı̇mcı̇lı̇k Özellı̇klerı̇nı̇ ve Eğı̇lı̇mlerı̇nı̇ Belı̇rlemeye Yönelı̇k Bı̇r Araştırma. İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 26(1).
  • Krueger, N. (1993). The impact of prior entrepreneurial exposure on perceptions of new venture feasibility and desirability. Entrepreneurship: Theory and Practice, 18(1), 5-22.
  • Krueger, N. F., Reilly, M. D. & Carsrud, A. L. (2000). Competing models of entrepreneurial intentions. Journal of business venturing, 15(5), 411-432.
  • Lee, S. M. & Peterson, S. J. (2000). Culture, Entrepreneurial Orientation, and Global Competitiveness. Journal of World Business, 35(4):402-403.
  • Lilius, J. M., Worline, M. C., Maitlis, S., Kanov, J., Dutton, J. E., & Frost, P. (2008). The contours and consequences of compassion at work. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 29(2), 193-218.
  • Liñán, F. & Chen, Y. W. (2009). Development and Cross‐Cultural application of a specific instrument to measure entrepreneurial intentions. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 33(3), 593-617.
  • Litt, M. D., Tennen, H., Affleck, G. & Klock, S. (1992). Coping and cognitive factors in adaptation to in vitro fertilization failure. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 15, 171-87.
  • Luthans, F. & Jensen, S. M. (2002). Hope: A new positive strength for human resource development. Human Resource Development Review, 1(3), 304-322.
  • Luthans, F., Avey, J. B. & Patera, J. L. (2008). Experimental Analysis of a Web-Based Intervention to Develop Positive Psychological Capital, Academy of Management Learning and Education, 7, 209-221.
  • Luthans, F., Avolio, B. J., Walumbwa, F. O. & Li, W. (2005). The psychological capital of Chinese workers: Exploring the relationship with performance. Management and Organization Review, 1(2), 249-271.
  • Luthans, F., Luthans, K. W. & Luthans, B. C. (2004). Positive psychological capital: Beyond human and social capital. Business Horizons, 47(1), 45-50.
  • Luthans, F., Vogelgesang, G. R. & Lester, P. B. (2006), Developing the Psychological Capital of Resiliency. Human Resource Development Review, 5(1), 25-44.
  • Luthans, F., Vogelgesang, G. R. & Lester, P. B. (2006b). Developing the Psychological Capital of Resiliency. Human Resource Development Review, 5(1), 25-44.
  • Martin, B. C., McNally, J. J. & Kay, M. J. (2013). Examining the formation of human capital in entrepreneurship: A meta-analysis of entrepreneurship education outcomes. Journal of Business Venturing, 28(2), 211-224.
  • Masten, A. S. & Reed, M. G. J. (2002). Resilience in development. In C. R. Snyder. S. J. Lopez (Eds.), Handbook of positive psychology (74-88). Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
  • Masten, A. S. (2001). Ordinary magic. American Psychologist, 56(3), 227–238.
  • McColl-Kennedy, J. R. & Anderson, R.D. (2005). Subordinate-manager gender combination and perceived leadership style influence on emotions, self-esteem and organizational commitment. Journal of Business Research, 58(2), 115-125.
  • McGee, J. E., Peterson, M., Mueller, S. L. & Sequeira, J. M. (2009). Entrepreneurial self-efficacy: Refining the measure. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 33(4), 965–988.
  • Ottesen, G. G. & Gronhaug, K. (2005). Positive illusions and new venture creation: conceptual issues and an empirical illustration. Creativity and Innovation Management, 14(4), 405-412.
  • Peterson, S. J. & Byron, K. (2008). Exploring the role of hope in job performance: Results from four studies. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 29(6), 785-803.
  • Rauch, A. & Frese, M. (2007). Let's put the person back into entrepreneurship research: A meta-analysis on the relationship between business owners' personality traits, business creation, and success. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 16(4), 353–385.
  • Scheier, M. F., Carver, C. S. & Bridges, M. W. (1994). Distinguishing optimism from neuroticism (and trait anxiety, self-mastery, and self-esteem): A reevaluation of the life orientation test. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 67(6), 1063.
  • Scherer, R. F., Brodzinsky, J. D. & Wiebe, F. A. (1991). Examining the relationship between personality and entrepreneurial career preference. Entrepreneurship and Regional Development, 3, 195–206.
  • Seligman, M. E. (1998). What is the good life. APA monitor, 29(10), 2.
  • Seligman, M.E. & Schulman, P. (1986). Explanatory style as a predictor of productivity and quitting amongst life insurance sales agents. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 50, 832-8.
  • Sequeira, J., Mueller, S. L. & McGee, J. E. (2007). The influence of social ties and self-efficacy in forming entrepreneurial intentions and motivating nascent behavior. Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship, 12(3), 275–294.
  • Shapero, A. (1985). The entrepreneurial event. College of Administrative Science, Ohio State University.
  • Shapero, A. & Sokol, L. (1982). The social dimensions of entrepreneurship. In C. Kent, D. Sexton, and K. H. Vesper (eds.) The Encyclopedia of Entrepreneurship. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
  • Sheeran, P. (2002). Intention—behavior relations: A conceptual and empirical review. European Review of Social Psychology, 12(1), 1-36.
  • Snyder, C. R. (Ed.). (2000). Handbook of Hope: Theory, Measures, and Applications. San Diego:Academic press.
  • Snyder, C. R., Irving, L. & Anderson, J. (1991). Hope and health: Measuring the will and the ways. In C. R. Snyder, D. R. Forsyth (Eds.), Handbook of social and clinical psychology (285-305). Elmsford, NY: Pergamon.
  • Snyder, C. R., Sympson, S. C., Ybasco, F. C., Borders, T. F., Babyak, M. A. & Higgins, R. L. (1996). Development and validation of the State Hope Scale. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70(2), 321.
  • Stajkovic, A. D. & Luthans, F. (1998b), Social Cognitive Theory and Self-Efficacy: Going beyond Traditional Motivational and Behavioral Approaches. Organizational Dynamics, 26(4), 62-74.
  • Strong, M. (2009). Peace through access to entrepreneurial capitalism for all. Journal of Business Ethics, 89(4), 529–538.
  • Sutcliffe, K. M., & Vogus, T. J. (2003). Organizing for resilience. Positive organizational scholarship, 94-110. Sutton, S. (1998). Predicting and explaining intentions and behavior: How well are we doing?. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 28(15), 1317-1338.
  • Şeşen, H., & Basım, N. (2012). Demografik faktörler ve kişiliğin girişimcilik niyetine etkisi: Spor bilimleri alanında öğrenim gören üniversite öğrencileri üzerine bir araştırma. Ege Akademik Bakış, 12, 21-28.
  • Tedeschi, R. G. & Calhoun, L.G. (2004). Posttraumatic growth: Conceptual foundations and empirical evidence. Psychological Inquiry, 15(1), 1–18.
  • Thompson, E. R. (2009). Individual entrepreneurial intent: Construct clarification and development of an internationally reliable metric. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 33(3), 669-694.
  • Tikici, M. ve Aksoy, A. (2009). Girişimcilik ve Küçük İşletmeler. 1. Basım, Ankara: Nobel Basımevi. Trevelyan, R. (2008). Optimism, overconfidence and entrepreneurial activity. Management Decision, 46(7), 986-1001.
  • Youssef, C. M., & Luthans, F. (2007). Positive organizational behavior in the workplace: The impact of hope, optimism, and resilience. Journal of Management, 33, 774-800.
  • Wilson, F., Kickul, J., & Marlino, D. (2007). Gender, entrepreneurial self‐efficacy, and entrepreneurial career intentions: implications for entrepreneurship education. Entrepreneurship theory and practice, 31(3), 387-406.
  • Wright, T. A. & Cropanzano, R. (2007). The happy/productive worker thesis revisited. In J. Martocchio (Ed.), Research in personnel and human resources management, 26, 269-313. Amsterdam: Elsevier.
  • Zhao, H., Seibert, S. E. & Hills, G. E. (2005). The mediating role of self-efficacy in the development of entrepreneurial intentions. Journal of Applied Psychology, 90(6), 1265–1272.

Psikolojik Sermaye ile Girişimcilik Niyeti İlişkisi

Year 2017, Volume: 3 Issue: 3, 55 - 66, 02.10.2017

Işıl Önay Sibel Ayas Özlem Yaşar Uğurlu Mehmet Burçin Önay

Abstract

Bu çalışmanın amacı psikolojik
sermaye ile girişimcilik niyeti arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemektir. Bu bağlamda
psikolojik sermaye; iyimserlik, umut, öz yeterlilik ve dayanıklılık açısından
dört boyutta incelenmiştir. Araştırma üretim sektöründe faaliyet gösteren 37
firmanın 143 çalışanına uygulanmıştır. Yapılan hiyerarşik regresyon analizi
sonucuna göre, öz yeterlilik ile umut çalışanların girişimcilik niyetini
pozitif anlamda etkilemektedir. Buna karşın, iyimserlik ve dayanıklılık
girişimcilik eğilimini anlamlı olarak etkilememektedir.










Keywords

Psikolojik Sermaye Girişimcilik Niyeti Öz-yeterlilik Umut Dayanıklılık İyimserlik

References

  • Ajzen, I. & Fishbein, M. (1980). Understanding attitudes and predicting social behavior. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
  • Ajzen, I. (1991). The Theory of Planned Behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50(2), 179-211.
  • Armitage, C. J. & Conner, M. (2001). Efficacy of the theory of planned behaviour: A meta‐analytic review. British Journal of Social Psychology, 40(4), 471-499.
  • Avey, J. B., Luthans, F. & Youssef, C. M. (2010). The additive Value of psychological capital in predicting workplace attitudes and behaviors. Journal of Management, 36(2), 430-452.
  • Avey, J. B., Reichard, R. J., Luthans, F. & Mhatre, K. H. (2011). Meta‐analysis of the impact of positive psychological capital on employee attitudes, behaviors, and performance. Human Resource Development Quarterly, 22(2), 127-152.
  • Aytaç, Ö. ve İlhan, S. (2007). Girişimcilik ve Girişimci Kültür: Sosyolojik Bir perspektif. Selçuk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 18, 101-120.
  • Bagozzi, R., Baumgartner, H. & Yi, Y. (1989). An investigation into the role of intentions as mediators of the attitude-behavior relationship. Journal of Economic Psychology 10, 35–62.
  • Bandura, A. (1997). Self-Efficacy: The Exercise of Control. New York: Freeman.
  • Başar, M., Tosunoğlu, B. T. ve Demirci, A. (2001). Girişimcilik ve Girişimcinin Yol Haritası: GG Planı. Eskişehir Ticaret Odası Yayını, Eskişehir.
  • Bird, B. (1988). Implementing entrepreneurial ideas: The case for intention. Academy of Management Review, 13(3), 442-453.
  • Boyd, N. G. & Vozikis, G. S. (1994). The influence of self-efficacy on the development of entrepreneurial intentions and actions. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 18(4), 63–77.
  • Brissette, I., Scheier, M. F. & Carver, C. S. (2002). The role of optimism in social network development, coping, and psychological adjustment during a life transition. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 82(1), 102.
  • Bullough, A., Renko, M. & Myatt, T. (2014). Danger zone entrepreneurs: The importance of resilience and self‐efficacy for entrepreneurial intentions. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 38(3), 473-499.
  • Cameron, K. S., Bright, D. & Caza, A. (2004). Exploring the relationships between organizational virtuousness and performance. American Behavioral Scientist, 47(6), 766-790.
  • Duffy, J. R. (2013). Quality Caring: In Nursing and Health Systems. 2nd Edition, New York: Springer Publishing Company, LLC.
  • Güney, S. (2008). Girişimcilik (Temel Kavramlar ve Bazı Güncel Konular). Ankara: Siyasal Kitabevi.
  • Hayward, M. L. A., Forster, W. R., Sarasvathy, S. D. & Fredrickson, B. L. (2010). Beyond hubris: How highly confident entrepreneurs rebound to venture again. Journal of Business Venturing, 25(6), 569–578.
  • İrmiş, A., Durak, G., ve Özdemir, L. (2010). Girişimcilik Kültürü, Anadolu Girişimciliğinden Örnekler. Bursa: Ekin Yayınevi.
  • Jung, D. I., Ehrlich, S. B., De Noble, A. F. & Baik, K. B. (2001). Entrepreneurial self-efficacy and its relationship to entrepreneurial action: A comparative study between the US and Korea. Management International, 6(1), 41–55.
  • Karabulut, T. (2009). Ünı̇versı̇te Öğrencı̇lerı̇nı̇n Gı̇rı̇şı̇mcı̇lı̇k Özellı̇klerı̇nı̇ ve Eğı̇lı̇mlerı̇nı̇ Belı̇rlemeye Yönelı̇k Bı̇r Araştırma. İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 26(1).
  • Krueger, N. (1993). The impact of prior entrepreneurial exposure on perceptions of new venture feasibility and desirability. Entrepreneurship: Theory and Practice, 18(1), 5-22.
  • Krueger, N. F., Reilly, M. D. & Carsrud, A. L. (2000). Competing models of entrepreneurial intentions. Journal of business venturing, 15(5), 411-432.
  • Lee, S. M. & Peterson, S. J. (2000). Culture, Entrepreneurial Orientation, and Global Competitiveness. Journal of World Business, 35(4):402-403.
  • Lilius, J. M., Worline, M. C., Maitlis, S., Kanov, J., Dutton, J. E., & Frost, P. (2008). The contours and consequences of compassion at work. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 29(2), 193-218.
  • Liñán, F. & Chen, Y. W. (2009). Development and Cross‐Cultural application of a specific instrument to measure entrepreneurial intentions. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 33(3), 593-617.
  • Litt, M. D., Tennen, H., Affleck, G. & Klock, S. (1992). Coping and cognitive factors in adaptation to in vitro fertilization failure. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 15, 171-87.
  • Luthans, F. & Jensen, S. M. (2002). Hope: A new positive strength for human resource development. Human Resource Development Review, 1(3), 304-322.
  • Luthans, F., Avey, J. B. & Patera, J. L. (2008). Experimental Analysis of a Web-Based Intervention to Develop Positive Psychological Capital, Academy of Management Learning and Education, 7, 209-221.
  • Luthans, F., Avolio, B. J., Walumbwa, F. O. & Li, W. (2005). The psychological capital of Chinese workers: Exploring the relationship with performance. Management and Organization Review, 1(2), 249-271.
  • Luthans, F., Luthans, K. W. & Luthans, B. C. (2004). Positive psychological capital: Beyond human and social capital. Business Horizons, 47(1), 45-50.
  • Luthans, F., Vogelgesang, G. R. & Lester, P. B. (2006), Developing the Psychological Capital of Resiliency. Human Resource Development Review, 5(1), 25-44.
  • Luthans, F., Vogelgesang, G. R. & Lester, P. B. (2006b). Developing the Psychological Capital of Resiliency. Human Resource Development Review, 5(1), 25-44.
  • Martin, B. C., McNally, J. J. & Kay, M. J. (2013). Examining the formation of human capital in entrepreneurship: A meta-analysis of entrepreneurship education outcomes. Journal of Business Venturing, 28(2), 211-224.
  • Masten, A. S. & Reed, M. G. J. (2002). Resilience in development. In C. R. Snyder. S. J. Lopez (Eds.), Handbook of positive psychology (74-88). Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
  • Masten, A. S. (2001). Ordinary magic. American Psychologist, 56(3), 227–238.
  • McColl-Kennedy, J. R. & Anderson, R.D. (2005). Subordinate-manager gender combination and perceived leadership style influence on emotions, self-esteem and organizational commitment. Journal of Business Research, 58(2), 115-125.
  • McGee, J. E., Peterson, M., Mueller, S. L. & Sequeira, J. M. (2009). Entrepreneurial self-efficacy: Refining the measure. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 33(4), 965–988.
  • Ottesen, G. G. & Gronhaug, K. (2005). Positive illusions and new venture creation: conceptual issues and an empirical illustration. Creativity and Innovation Management, 14(4), 405-412.
  • Peterson, S. J. & Byron, K. (2008). Exploring the role of hope in job performance: Results from four studies. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 29(6), 785-803.
  • Rauch, A. & Frese, M. (2007). Let's put the person back into entrepreneurship research: A meta-analysis on the relationship between business owners' personality traits, business creation, and success. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 16(4), 353–385.
  • Scheier, M. F., Carver, C. S. & Bridges, M. W. (1994). Distinguishing optimism from neuroticism (and trait anxiety, self-mastery, and self-esteem): A reevaluation of the life orientation test. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 67(6), 1063.
  • Scherer, R. F., Brodzinsky, J. D. & Wiebe, F. A. (1991). Examining the relationship between personality and entrepreneurial career preference. Entrepreneurship and Regional Development, 3, 195–206.
  • Seligman, M. E. (1998). What is the good life. APA monitor, 29(10), 2.
  • Seligman, M.E. & Schulman, P. (1986). Explanatory style as a predictor of productivity and quitting amongst life insurance sales agents. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 50, 832-8.
  • Sequeira, J., Mueller, S. L. & McGee, J. E. (2007). The influence of social ties and self-efficacy in forming entrepreneurial intentions and motivating nascent behavior. Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship, 12(3), 275–294.
  • Shapero, A. (1985). The entrepreneurial event. College of Administrative Science, Ohio State University.
  • Shapero, A. & Sokol, L. (1982). The social dimensions of entrepreneurship. In C. Kent, D. Sexton, and K. H. Vesper (eds.) The Encyclopedia of Entrepreneurship. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
  • Sheeran, P. (2002). Intention—behavior relations: A conceptual and empirical review. European Review of Social Psychology, 12(1), 1-36.
  • Snyder, C. R. (Ed.). (2000). Handbook of Hope: Theory, Measures, and Applications. San Diego:Academic press.
  • Snyder, C. R., Irving, L. & Anderson, J. (1991). Hope and health: Measuring the will and the ways. In C. R. Snyder, D. R. Forsyth (Eds.), Handbook of social and clinical psychology (285-305). Elmsford, NY: Pergamon.
  • Snyder, C. R., Sympson, S. C., Ybasco, F. C., Borders, T. F., Babyak, M. A. & Higgins, R. L. (1996). Development and validation of the State Hope Scale. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70(2), 321.
  • Stajkovic, A. D. & Luthans, F. (1998b), Social Cognitive Theory and Self-Efficacy: Going beyond Traditional Motivational and Behavioral Approaches. Organizational Dynamics, 26(4), 62-74.
  • Strong, M. (2009). Peace through access to entrepreneurial capitalism for all. Journal of Business Ethics, 89(4), 529–538.
  • Sutcliffe, K. M., & Vogus, T. J. (2003). Organizing for resilience. Positive organizational scholarship, 94-110. Sutton, S. (1998). Predicting and explaining intentions and behavior: How well are we doing?. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 28(15), 1317-1338.
  • Şeşen, H., & Basım, N. (2012). Demografik faktörler ve kişiliğin girişimcilik niyetine etkisi: Spor bilimleri alanında öğrenim gören üniversite öğrencileri üzerine bir araştırma. Ege Akademik Bakış, 12, 21-28.
  • Tedeschi, R. G. & Calhoun, L.G. (2004). Posttraumatic growth: Conceptual foundations and empirical evidence. Psychological Inquiry, 15(1), 1–18.
  • Thompson, E. R. (2009). Individual entrepreneurial intent: Construct clarification and development of an internationally reliable metric. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 33(3), 669-694.
  • Tikici, M. ve Aksoy, A. (2009). Girişimcilik ve Küçük İşletmeler. 1. Basım, Ankara: Nobel Basımevi. Trevelyan, R. (2008). Optimism, overconfidence and entrepreneurial activity. Management Decision, 46(7), 986-1001.
  • Youssef, C. M., & Luthans, F. (2007). Positive organizational behavior in the workplace: The impact of hope, optimism, and resilience. Journal of Management, 33, 774-800.
  • Wilson, F., Kickul, J., & Marlino, D. (2007). Gender, entrepreneurial self‐efficacy, and entrepreneurial career intentions: implications for entrepreneurship education. Entrepreneurship theory and practice, 31(3), 387-406.
  • Wright, T. A. & Cropanzano, R. (2007). The happy/productive worker thesis revisited. In J. Martocchio (Ed.), Research in personnel and human resources management, 26, 269-313. Amsterdam: Elsevier.
  • Zhao, H., Seibert, S. E. & Hills, G. E. (2005). The mediating role of self-efficacy in the development of entrepreneurial intentions. Journal of Applied Psychology, 90(6), 1265–1272.
There are 62 citations in total.

Details

Journal Section Articles
Authors

Işıl Önay

Sibel Ayas

Özlem Yaşar Uğurlu

Mehmet Burçin Önay

Publication Date October 2, 2017
Published in Issue Year 2017 Volume: 3 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Önay, I., Ayas, S., Yaşar Uğurlu, Ö., Önay, M. B. (2017). Psikolojik Sermaye ile Girişimcilik Niyeti İlişkisi. Gazi İktisat Ve İşletme Dergisi, 3(3), 55-66.
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