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G20 ülkelerinde yolsuzluğun belirleyicileri: Panel sıralı logit yaklaşımı

Year 2022, Volume: 8 Issue: 3, 501 - 512, 30.10.2022
https://doi.org/10.30855/gjeb.2022.8.3.008

Abstract

Yolsuzluk, kamu politikalarının doğru uygulanması ve başarısı açısından önemli etkilere sahiptir. Bu çalışmanın amacı G20 ülkelerinde yolsuzluk olasılığını etkileyen faktörleri belirlemektir. Çalışma, Baetschmann, Staub ve Winkelmann (2015) tarafından geliştirilen panel veri sabit etkili sıralı logit modelini kullanarak G20 ülkelerinde 2002-2020 dönemi itibariyle ekonomik ve ekonomik olmayan yolsuzluk belirleyicilerini analiz etmektedir. Yolsuzluğu temsil etmek üzere çalışmada hem yolsuzluk algı endeksi hem de Kaufmann, Kraay ve Mastruzzi (2008) tarafından geliştirilen yolsuzluk endeksi kullanılmıştır. Çalışmanın bulgularına göre kişi başına düşen GSYİH, doğrudan yabancı yatırım, işgücüne katılım oranı, hukukun üstünlüğü ve hükümetin etkinliğindeki artışlar G20 ülkelerinde yolsuzluk olasılığını önemli ölçüde azaltmaktadır. Bunun yanı sıra G20 ülkelerinde enflasyon oranı ve işsizlik oranındaki artışlar yolsuzluk olasılığını artırmaktadır.

References

  • Akça, H., Ata, A. Y. ve Karaca, C. (2012). Inflation and corruption relationship: Evidence from panel data in developed and developing countries. International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, 2(3), 281-295.
  • Akçay, S. (2002). Corruption and economic growth: A cross national study. Ankara Üniversitesi SBF Dergisi, 57(1), 1-13. Al-Marhubi, F.A. (2000). Corruption and inflation. Economic Letter, 66, 199–202.
  • Alsarhan, A. A. (2019). Determinants of corruption in Middle East countries: Evidence from panel data. International Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 7(4), 57-63.
  • Attila, J. G. (2008). How do African populations perceive corruption: Microeconomic evidence from Afrobarometer data in twelve countries (Centre D’Etudes et de Recherches Sur le Developpement International Working Paper No. 200811). Erişim adresi: https://econpapers.repec.org/paper/cdiwpaper/991.htm
  • Baetschmann, G., Staub, K. E. ve Winkelmann, R. (2015). Consistent estimation of the fixed effects ordered logit model. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, 178, 685–703.
  • Baetschmann, G., Ballantyne, A., Staub, K. E. ve Winkelmann, R. (2020). Feologit: A new command for fitting fixed-effects ordered logit models. The Stata Journal, 20(2), 253-275.
  • Birleşmiş Milletler Geliştirme Programı, (2021, 17 Kasım). Erişim adresi: https://hdr.undp.org/en/indicators/137506. Canache, D. ve Allison, M. E. (2005). Perceptions of political corruption in Latin American democracies. Latin American Politics and Society, 47(3), 91-111.
  • Cariolle, J. (2018). Corruption determinants in developing and transition economies: Insights from a multi-level analysis (Fondation Pour les Etudes et Recherches sur le Développement International Working Paper No. P229). Erişim adresi: https://ideas.repec.org/p/fdi/wpaper/4390.html
  • Chang, S. (2012). Analyzing the relationship between foreign direct investment and corruption. International Proceedings of Economic Development and Research, 39, 196-198.
  • Chowdhury, N. M. (2007). An empirical analysis of selected factors affecting corruption in the Asia-Pacific region. Ritsumeikan Journal of Asia Pacific Studies, 27, 1-14.
  • Dridi, M. (2014). Corruption and education: Empirical evidence. International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, 4(3), 476-493.
  • Dünya Bankası, (2021, 22 Kasım). Erişim adresi: http://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/.
  • Efeoğlu, R. ve Emsen, Ö. S. (2021). Demokratikleşmede yolsuzluk ve kalkınmışlığın etkileri. Bingöl Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 5(1), 13-36.
  • Ekonomik Kalkınma ve İşbirliği Örgütü (2021, 17 Kasım). Erişim adresi: https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/finance-and-investment/oecd-international-direct-investment-statistics-2020_e6696186-en.
  • Glynn, P., Kobrin, S. J. ve Naim, M. (1997). The globalisation of corruption. Corruption and the global economy. Institute for International Economics, Erişim adresi: https://www.piie.com/publications/chapters_preview/12/1iie2334.pdf, 7-27.
  • Gray, C.W. ve Kaufmann, D. (1998). Corruption and development. Finance & Development, 35(1), 7-10.
  • Gründler, K. ve Potrafke, N. (2019). Corruption and economic growth: New empirical evidence (IFO Working Paper No. 309). Erişim adresi: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0176268019301156.
  • Hauk, E., Oviedo, M. ve Ramos, X. (2017). Perception of corruption and public support for redistribution in Latin America. (Barcelona GSE Working Paper No. 974). Erişim adresi: https://docs.iza.org/dp10854.pdf.
  • Karim, B. A., Karim, Z. A. ve Nasharuddin, M. N. (2018). Corruption and foreign direct investment (FDI) in ASEAN-5: A panel evidence. Economics and Finance in Indonesia, 64(2), 145-156.
  • Kaufmann, D. A., Kraay, A. C. ve Mastruzzi, M. (2008). Governance matters VII: Aggregate and individual governance indicators for 1996-2007 (World Bank Policy Research Working Paper No. 4654). Erişim adresi: https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/bitstream/handle/10986/6870/wps4654.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y.
  • MacDonald, R. ve Majeed, M. T. (2011). Causes of corruption in European countries: History, Law, and Political Stability. (University of Glasgow Working Paper No. 24). Erişim adresi:https://www.researchgate.net/publication/254417642_Causes_of_corruption_in_European_countries_history_law_and_political_stability.
  • Munga, J. (2012). Corruption, political institutions and foreign direct investments: A disagregated study. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Alabama, Alabama, US.
  • Neudorfer, N. S. (2015). Development, democracy and corruption: How poverty and lack of political rights encourage corruption. Journal of Public Policy, 35(3), 421-457.
  • Nguyen, T., Bach, T., Le, T., ve Le, C. (2017). Local governance, corruption, and public service quality: Evidence from a national survey in Vietnam. International Journal of Public Sector Management, 30(2), 137-153.
  • Onyango, O. F. (2015). Determinants of corruption in Kenya: Born and Bred to Bribe. Social Sciences, 4(6), 134-141. Özşahin, Ş. ve Üçler, G. (2017). The Consequences of corruption on inflation in developing countries: Evidence from panel cointegration and causality tests. Economies, 5(49), 1–15.
  • Piplica, D. (2011). Corruption and inflation in transition EU member countries. Ekonomska Misao I Praksa, 20(2), 469–506. Sadig, Ali (2009). The effects of corruption on FDI inflows. Cato Journal, 29(2), 267-294.
  • Uluslararası Çalışma Örgütü (2021, 22 Kasım). Erişim adresi: https://www.ilo.org/shinyapps/bulkexplorer42/?lang=en&segment=indicator&id=EAP_2WAP_SEX_AGE_RT_A.
  • Uluslararası Şeffaflık Örgütü, (2021, 25 Kasım). Erişim adresi: https://www.transparency.org/en/cpi/2021.

Determinants of corruption in the G20 countries: Panel ordered logit approach

Year 2022, Volume: 8 Issue: 3, 501 - 512, 30.10.2022
https://doi.org/10.30855/gjeb.2022.8.3.008

Abstract

Corruption has important implications for the proper implementation and success of public policies. The aim of this study is to determine the factors that affect the probability of corruption in the G20 countries. Using the panel data fix effect ordered logit model developed by Baetschmann, Staub and Winkelmann (2015), this study analyzes economic and non-economic corruption factors in the G20 countries for the period from 2002 to 2020. In this study, both the corruption perception index and the corruption index developed by Kaufmann, Kraay and Mastruzzi (2008) are used to represent corruption. According to the findings of this study, an increase in GDP per capita, foreign direct investment, labor force participation rate, rule of law, and government effectiveness significantly lead to a decrease in the probability of corruption for the G20 countries. In addition, an increase in the inflation and unemployment rate increases the probability of corruption in the G20 countries.

References

  • Akça, H., Ata, A. Y. ve Karaca, C. (2012). Inflation and corruption relationship: Evidence from panel data in developed and developing countries. International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, 2(3), 281-295.
  • Akçay, S. (2002). Corruption and economic growth: A cross national study. Ankara Üniversitesi SBF Dergisi, 57(1), 1-13. Al-Marhubi, F.A. (2000). Corruption and inflation. Economic Letter, 66, 199–202.
  • Alsarhan, A. A. (2019). Determinants of corruption in Middle East countries: Evidence from panel data. International Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 7(4), 57-63.
  • Attila, J. G. (2008). How do African populations perceive corruption: Microeconomic evidence from Afrobarometer data in twelve countries (Centre D’Etudes et de Recherches Sur le Developpement International Working Paper No. 200811). Erişim adresi: https://econpapers.repec.org/paper/cdiwpaper/991.htm
  • Baetschmann, G., Staub, K. E. ve Winkelmann, R. (2015). Consistent estimation of the fixed effects ordered logit model. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, 178, 685–703.
  • Baetschmann, G., Ballantyne, A., Staub, K. E. ve Winkelmann, R. (2020). Feologit: A new command for fitting fixed-effects ordered logit models. The Stata Journal, 20(2), 253-275.
  • Birleşmiş Milletler Geliştirme Programı, (2021, 17 Kasım). Erişim adresi: https://hdr.undp.org/en/indicators/137506. Canache, D. ve Allison, M. E. (2005). Perceptions of political corruption in Latin American democracies. Latin American Politics and Society, 47(3), 91-111.
  • Cariolle, J. (2018). Corruption determinants in developing and transition economies: Insights from a multi-level analysis (Fondation Pour les Etudes et Recherches sur le Développement International Working Paper No. P229). Erişim adresi: https://ideas.repec.org/p/fdi/wpaper/4390.html
  • Chang, S. (2012). Analyzing the relationship between foreign direct investment and corruption. International Proceedings of Economic Development and Research, 39, 196-198.
  • Chowdhury, N. M. (2007). An empirical analysis of selected factors affecting corruption in the Asia-Pacific region. Ritsumeikan Journal of Asia Pacific Studies, 27, 1-14.
  • Dridi, M. (2014). Corruption and education: Empirical evidence. International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, 4(3), 476-493.
  • Dünya Bankası, (2021, 22 Kasım). Erişim adresi: http://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/.
  • Efeoğlu, R. ve Emsen, Ö. S. (2021). Demokratikleşmede yolsuzluk ve kalkınmışlığın etkileri. Bingöl Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 5(1), 13-36.
  • Ekonomik Kalkınma ve İşbirliği Örgütü (2021, 17 Kasım). Erişim adresi: https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/finance-and-investment/oecd-international-direct-investment-statistics-2020_e6696186-en.
  • Glynn, P., Kobrin, S. J. ve Naim, M. (1997). The globalisation of corruption. Corruption and the global economy. Institute for International Economics, Erişim adresi: https://www.piie.com/publications/chapters_preview/12/1iie2334.pdf, 7-27.
  • Gray, C.W. ve Kaufmann, D. (1998). Corruption and development. Finance & Development, 35(1), 7-10.
  • Gründler, K. ve Potrafke, N. (2019). Corruption and economic growth: New empirical evidence (IFO Working Paper No. 309). Erişim adresi: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0176268019301156.
  • Hauk, E., Oviedo, M. ve Ramos, X. (2017). Perception of corruption and public support for redistribution in Latin America. (Barcelona GSE Working Paper No. 974). Erişim adresi: https://docs.iza.org/dp10854.pdf.
  • Karim, B. A., Karim, Z. A. ve Nasharuddin, M. N. (2018). Corruption and foreign direct investment (FDI) in ASEAN-5: A panel evidence. Economics and Finance in Indonesia, 64(2), 145-156.
  • Kaufmann, D. A., Kraay, A. C. ve Mastruzzi, M. (2008). Governance matters VII: Aggregate and individual governance indicators for 1996-2007 (World Bank Policy Research Working Paper No. 4654). Erişim adresi: https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/bitstream/handle/10986/6870/wps4654.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y.
  • MacDonald, R. ve Majeed, M. T. (2011). Causes of corruption in European countries: History, Law, and Political Stability. (University of Glasgow Working Paper No. 24). Erişim adresi:https://www.researchgate.net/publication/254417642_Causes_of_corruption_in_European_countries_history_law_and_political_stability.
  • Munga, J. (2012). Corruption, political institutions and foreign direct investments: A disagregated study. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Alabama, Alabama, US.
  • Neudorfer, N. S. (2015). Development, democracy and corruption: How poverty and lack of political rights encourage corruption. Journal of Public Policy, 35(3), 421-457.
  • Nguyen, T., Bach, T., Le, T., ve Le, C. (2017). Local governance, corruption, and public service quality: Evidence from a national survey in Vietnam. International Journal of Public Sector Management, 30(2), 137-153.
  • Onyango, O. F. (2015). Determinants of corruption in Kenya: Born and Bred to Bribe. Social Sciences, 4(6), 134-141. Özşahin, Ş. ve Üçler, G. (2017). The Consequences of corruption on inflation in developing countries: Evidence from panel cointegration and causality tests. Economies, 5(49), 1–15.
  • Piplica, D. (2011). Corruption and inflation in transition EU member countries. Ekonomska Misao I Praksa, 20(2), 469–506. Sadig, Ali (2009). The effects of corruption on FDI inflows. Cato Journal, 29(2), 267-294.
  • Uluslararası Çalışma Örgütü (2021, 22 Kasım). Erişim adresi: https://www.ilo.org/shinyapps/bulkexplorer42/?lang=en&segment=indicator&id=EAP_2WAP_SEX_AGE_RT_A.
  • Uluslararası Şeffaflık Örgütü, (2021, 25 Kasım). Erişim adresi: https://www.transparency.org/en/cpi/2021.
There are 28 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Economics
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Nebiye Yamak 0000-0003-3336-4735

Zehra Abdioğlu 0000-0002-1653-2840

Sinem Doğan 0000-0001-6304-3700

Publication Date October 30, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 8 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Yamak, N., Abdioğlu, Z., & Doğan, S. (2022). G20 ülkelerinde yolsuzluğun belirleyicileri: Panel sıralı logit yaklaşımı. Gazi İktisat Ve İşletme Dergisi, 8(3), 501-512. https://doi.org/10.30855/gjeb.2022.8.3.008
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