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Rethinking Urban Space through Olfactory Experience and Sensory Methods

Year 2025, Volume: 16 Issue: 30, 76 - 97, 30.06.2025

Abstract

This study explores how urban space is produced not only through physical forms and visual representations, but also through the senses, memory, and embodied everyday practices. While modern urban planning predominantly privileges visuality, sensory modalities such as smell—resistant to abstraction and representation—have often been excluded from our understanding of cities and marginalized within spatial discourse. In this context, smellwalking and smellmapping have emerged as innovative methods for exploring urban space through sensory experience. The study proposes a critical theoretical framework that brings together Henri Lefebvre’s spatial triad (perceived, conceived, and lived space) and Michel de Certeau’s distinction between strategies and tactics. Through selected case studies—including both applied and conceptual engagements with sensory methods—it investigates how alternative forms of spatial knowledge emerge at the intersection of the body, memory, and olfaction. In this sense, the article argues that sensory ways of knowing—grounded in the body, memory, and the senses—can offer a critical perspective on the visually dominated logic of modernist urban planning. It proposes a sensory framework through which urban experience can be understood in a more layered, inclusive, and pluralistic manner.

References

  • Arısoy, A. C. (2019). Sosyal sermaye odaklı kentsel canlandırma yaklaşımı: Yeldeğirmeni örneği [Yayımlanmamış doktora tezi, İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi].
  • Charnock, G., & Ribera-Fumaz, R. (2011). A new space for knowledge and people? Henri Lefebvre, representations of space, and the production of 22@Barcelona. Environment and Planning D: Society and Space, 29(4), 613–632. https://doi.org/10.1068/d17009
  • Classen, C. (1993). Worlds of sense: Exploring the senses in history and across cultures. Routledge.
  • Classen, C., Howes, D., & Synnott, A. (1994). Aroma: The cultural history of smell (1. bas). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203428887
  • Classen, C. (2005). The sensuous city: Urban sensations from the Middle Ages to modernity. In D. Howes (Ed.), Sensing the city: Sensuous explorations of the urban landscape (ss. 25–39). Montréal: Canadian Centre for Architecture.
  • Cockayne, E. (2007). Hubbub: Filth, noise and stench in England, 1600–1770. London: Yale University Press.
  • Çeven, E. A., & Belkayalı, N. (2023). Experiencing urban smells when walking: Kastamonu city case. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 47(2). https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-2427.13145
  • ÇEKÜL. (t.y.). Yeldeğirmeni / Rasimpaşa Mahalle Canlandırma Projesi. https://www.cekulvakfi.org.tr/proje/kendini-koruyan-kentler
  • ÇEKÜL. (2013). Tasarım Atölyesi Kadıköy (TAK) açıldı. https://www.cekulvakfi.org.tr/haber/tasarim-atolyesi-kadikoy-tak-acildi
  • Davis, L., & Thys-Şenocak, L. (2017). Heritage and scent: Research and exhibition of Istanbul’s changing smellscapes. International Journal of Heritage Studies, 23(8), 723–741. https://doi.org/10.1080/13527258.2017.1317646
  • de Certeau, M. (1984). The practice of everyday life (S. Rendall, Çev.). University of California Press.
  • Engen, T., & Herz, R. S. (1996). Odor memory: Review and analysis. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 3(3), 300–313. https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03210754
  • Gospodini, A. (2002). European cities in competition and the new ‘uses’ of urban design. Journal of Urban Design, 7(1), 59–73. https://doi.org/10.1080/13574800220129231
  • Harvey, D. (2016). Postmodernliğin durumu: Kültürel dönüşümün kökenlerine bir araştırma (Çev. Sungur Savran). Metis Yayınları.
  • Henshaw, V. (2014). Urban Smellscapes: Understanding and Designing City Smell Environments. Routledge.
  • Henshaw, V., Medway, D., Perkins, C., Warnaby, G., & McLean, K. (Eds.). (2017). Designing with Smell: Practices, Techniques and Challenges. Routledge
  • Herz, R. S., & Schooler, J. W. (2002). A Naturalistic Study of Autobiographical Memories Evoked by Olfactory and Visual Cues: Testing the Proustian Hypothesis. The American Journal of Psychology, 115(1), 21.https://doi.org/10.2307/1423672
  • Howes, D. (Ed.). (2005). Empire of the senses: The sensual culture reader. Berg Publishers.
  • Lehrer, J. (2011). Proust bir sinirbilimciydi (F. B. Aydar, Çev.). Domingo Yayınları.
  • Kadıköy Belediyesi. (t.y.). Yeldeğirmeni Sanat. https://kultursanat.kadikoy.bel.tr/tr/kultur-merkezleri/yeldegirmeni-sanat
  • Karataş, E. (2019). Fiziksel çevredeki değişimlerin kentsel kimlik üzerindeki yansımaları: Yeldeğirmeni mahallesi örneği [Yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi]. İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü.
  • Lefebvre, H. (2014). Mekânın üretimi (I. Ergüden, Çev.). İstanbul: Sel Yayıncılık.
  • Lefebvre, H. (2017). Ritimanaliz: Mekân, zaman ve gündelik hayat (A. L. Batur, Çev.). Sel Yayıncılık. (Orijinal eser 1992’de yayımlanmıştır)
  • Marks, L. U. (2002). Touch: Sensuous theory and multisensory media. University of Minnesota Press.
  • McLean, K. (2014). Smellmap: Amsterdam – Olfactory art & smell visualisation. Information Experience Design, Royal College of Art. https://sensorymaps.com/?projects=smellmap-amsterdam
  • McLean, K. (2017). Smellmap: Amsterdam – olfactory art and smell visualization. Leonardo, 50(1), 92–93.
  • McLean, K. (2019). Nose first: Practices of smellwalking and smellscape mapping [Doktora tezi, Royal College of Art]
  • Pink, S. (2015). Doing sensory ethnography (2. bas.). SAGE.
  • Porteous, J. D. (1985). Smellscape. Progress in Physical Geography, 9(3), 356–378.
  • Reinarz, J. (2013). Past scents: Historical perspectives on smell. DeKalb, IL: University of Illinois Press.
  • Rodaway, P. (1994). Sensuous geographies: Body, sense and place. London: Routledge.
  • Seremetakis, C. N. (Ed.). (1994). The senses still: Perception and memory as material culture in modernity. University of Chicago Press.
  • Śliwa, M., & Riach, K. (2012). Making scents of transition: Smellscapes and the everyday in ‘old’ and ‘new’ urban Poland. Urban Studies, 49(1), 23–41. https://doi.org/10.1177/0042098011399596
  • Uzgören, G. (2018). Airbnb impact on gentrification process: the case of Rasimpaşa Neighborhood Kadıköy. Journal of Planning. https://doi.org/10.14744/planlama.2018.29491
  • Wankhede, K., & Deshmukh, A. (2024). Understanding olfactory perception and its significance in the exploration of sensescape scenarios in Asian cities. International Journal of Religion, 5(11), 4710–4721. https://doi.org/10.61707/wtv58260
  • Zukin, S. (2010). Naked City: The Death and Life of Authentic Urban Places. Oxford University Press.

Koku Deneyimi ve Duyusal Yöntemler Aracılığıyla Kentsel Mekânı Yeniden Düşünmek

Year 2025, Volume: 16 Issue: 30, 76 - 97, 30.06.2025

Abstract

Bu derleme çalışması, kentsel mekânın yalnızca fiziksel ya da görsel yollarla değil; gündelik pratikler, duyular ve hafıza aracılığıyla da üretildiği fikrinden hareket etmektedir. Modern kent planlaması genellikle görselliğe dayalı yaklaşımları merkezine alırken, temsile dirençli bir duyu olan koku sıklıkla dışlanmaktadır. Bu bağlamda smellwalking (koku yürüyüşü) ve smellmapping (koku haritalama) gibi yöntemler, kentsel deneyimi duyusal düzlemde kavramsallaştıran yenilikçi araştırma araçları olarak öne çıkmaktadır. Buradan hareketle çalışma, Henri Lefebvre’in mekânsal üçlemesi (algılanan, tasarlanan, yaşanan mekân) ile Michel de Certeau’nun gündelik yaşam pratiklerine ilişkin strateji–taktik ayrımını bir araya getirerek, duyulara dayalı bilgi üretiminin temsile dayalı kent planlama yaklaşımlarına karşı sunduğu eleştirel potansiyeli ele almaktadır. Bu bağlamda çalışmanın amacı, söz konusu eleştirel kuramsal çerçeveyi, mekânsal üretimin temsilî ve deneyimsel boyutları arasındaki gerilimleri açığa çıkaran smellwalking ve smellmapping gibi duyusal yöntemleri kapsayan araştırmalar üzerinden tartışmaktır. Çalışma, görsel merkezciliğin hâkim olduğu modernist kent planlama anlayışına karşı, beden, hafıza ve duyu temelli alternatif bilgi biçimlerinin nasıl bir eleştirel açıklık sunduğuna odaklanmakta; kent deneyiminin daha bütüncül ve çoğul bir biçimde kavranmasına yönelik duyusal bir zemin önermektedir.

References

  • Arısoy, A. C. (2019). Sosyal sermaye odaklı kentsel canlandırma yaklaşımı: Yeldeğirmeni örneği [Yayımlanmamış doktora tezi, İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi].
  • Charnock, G., & Ribera-Fumaz, R. (2011). A new space for knowledge and people? Henri Lefebvre, representations of space, and the production of 22@Barcelona. Environment and Planning D: Society and Space, 29(4), 613–632. https://doi.org/10.1068/d17009
  • Classen, C. (1993). Worlds of sense: Exploring the senses in history and across cultures. Routledge.
  • Classen, C., Howes, D., & Synnott, A. (1994). Aroma: The cultural history of smell (1. bas). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203428887
  • Classen, C. (2005). The sensuous city: Urban sensations from the Middle Ages to modernity. In D. Howes (Ed.), Sensing the city: Sensuous explorations of the urban landscape (ss. 25–39). Montréal: Canadian Centre for Architecture.
  • Cockayne, E. (2007). Hubbub: Filth, noise and stench in England, 1600–1770. London: Yale University Press.
  • Çeven, E. A., & Belkayalı, N. (2023). Experiencing urban smells when walking: Kastamonu city case. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 47(2). https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-2427.13145
  • ÇEKÜL. (t.y.). Yeldeğirmeni / Rasimpaşa Mahalle Canlandırma Projesi. https://www.cekulvakfi.org.tr/proje/kendini-koruyan-kentler
  • ÇEKÜL. (2013). Tasarım Atölyesi Kadıköy (TAK) açıldı. https://www.cekulvakfi.org.tr/haber/tasarim-atolyesi-kadikoy-tak-acildi
  • Davis, L., & Thys-Şenocak, L. (2017). Heritage and scent: Research and exhibition of Istanbul’s changing smellscapes. International Journal of Heritage Studies, 23(8), 723–741. https://doi.org/10.1080/13527258.2017.1317646
  • de Certeau, M. (1984). The practice of everyday life (S. Rendall, Çev.). University of California Press.
  • Engen, T., & Herz, R. S. (1996). Odor memory: Review and analysis. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 3(3), 300–313. https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03210754
  • Gospodini, A. (2002). European cities in competition and the new ‘uses’ of urban design. Journal of Urban Design, 7(1), 59–73. https://doi.org/10.1080/13574800220129231
  • Harvey, D. (2016). Postmodernliğin durumu: Kültürel dönüşümün kökenlerine bir araştırma (Çev. Sungur Savran). Metis Yayınları.
  • Henshaw, V. (2014). Urban Smellscapes: Understanding and Designing City Smell Environments. Routledge.
  • Henshaw, V., Medway, D., Perkins, C., Warnaby, G., & McLean, K. (Eds.). (2017). Designing with Smell: Practices, Techniques and Challenges. Routledge
  • Herz, R. S., & Schooler, J. W. (2002). A Naturalistic Study of Autobiographical Memories Evoked by Olfactory and Visual Cues: Testing the Proustian Hypothesis. The American Journal of Psychology, 115(1), 21.https://doi.org/10.2307/1423672
  • Howes, D. (Ed.). (2005). Empire of the senses: The sensual culture reader. Berg Publishers.
  • Lehrer, J. (2011). Proust bir sinirbilimciydi (F. B. Aydar, Çev.). Domingo Yayınları.
  • Kadıköy Belediyesi. (t.y.). Yeldeğirmeni Sanat. https://kultursanat.kadikoy.bel.tr/tr/kultur-merkezleri/yeldegirmeni-sanat
  • Karataş, E. (2019). Fiziksel çevredeki değişimlerin kentsel kimlik üzerindeki yansımaları: Yeldeğirmeni mahallesi örneği [Yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi]. İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü.
  • Lefebvre, H. (2014). Mekânın üretimi (I. Ergüden, Çev.). İstanbul: Sel Yayıncılık.
  • Lefebvre, H. (2017). Ritimanaliz: Mekân, zaman ve gündelik hayat (A. L. Batur, Çev.). Sel Yayıncılık. (Orijinal eser 1992’de yayımlanmıştır)
  • Marks, L. U. (2002). Touch: Sensuous theory and multisensory media. University of Minnesota Press.
  • McLean, K. (2014). Smellmap: Amsterdam – Olfactory art & smell visualisation. Information Experience Design, Royal College of Art. https://sensorymaps.com/?projects=smellmap-amsterdam
  • McLean, K. (2017). Smellmap: Amsterdam – olfactory art and smell visualization. Leonardo, 50(1), 92–93.
  • McLean, K. (2019). Nose first: Practices of smellwalking and smellscape mapping [Doktora tezi, Royal College of Art]
  • Pink, S. (2015). Doing sensory ethnography (2. bas.). SAGE.
  • Porteous, J. D. (1985). Smellscape. Progress in Physical Geography, 9(3), 356–378.
  • Reinarz, J. (2013). Past scents: Historical perspectives on smell. DeKalb, IL: University of Illinois Press.
  • Rodaway, P. (1994). Sensuous geographies: Body, sense and place. London: Routledge.
  • Seremetakis, C. N. (Ed.). (1994). The senses still: Perception and memory as material culture in modernity. University of Chicago Press.
  • Śliwa, M., & Riach, K. (2012). Making scents of transition: Smellscapes and the everyday in ‘old’ and ‘new’ urban Poland. Urban Studies, 49(1), 23–41. https://doi.org/10.1177/0042098011399596
  • Uzgören, G. (2018). Airbnb impact on gentrification process: the case of Rasimpaşa Neighborhood Kadıköy. Journal of Planning. https://doi.org/10.14744/planlama.2018.29491
  • Wankhede, K., & Deshmukh, A. (2024). Understanding olfactory perception and its significance in the exploration of sensescape scenarios in Asian cities. International Journal of Religion, 5(11), 4710–4721. https://doi.org/10.61707/wtv58260
  • Zukin, S. (2010). Naked City: The Death and Life of Authentic Urban Places. Oxford University Press.
There are 36 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Environmental Communication
Journal Section Reviews
Authors

Beyda Kırcı 0009-0002-9343-4803

Publication Date June 30, 2025
Submission Date May 29, 2025
Acceptance Date June 28, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 16 Issue: 30

Cite

APA Kırcı, B. (2025). Koku Deneyimi ve Duyusal Yöntemler Aracılığıyla Kentsel Mekânı Yeniden Düşünmek. Global Media Journal Turkish Edition, 16(30), 76-97.